After taxonomic listing of group D streptococci, the authors discuss the methodology of the bacteriologic diagnosis of infections produced by these bacteria, showing the way in which the pathological products are collected, the strains isolated and seeded. The strains are identified in two stages: (1) group identification by group antigen identification, resistance to oxacillin, development at +45 degrees, development on bilaesculin media; (2) species and variety identification by biochemical, physiologic and metabolic tests, by lysotyping and enterocinotyping. A description is given of the testing of sensitivity of the strain to antibiotics by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration. The formulas of the media used for culture and identification are given.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Sero-epidemiological surveillance, a method of prevention of complications of streptococcal infections].

In order to find methods for the prevention and control of streptococcal infections of 711 day schoolchildren and boarders, aged 7 to 14 years, were followed up during the 1969-1973 period. The clinical and epidemiologic investigations revealed a great number of acute infections with varied clinical manifestations and high proportions of the acute articular rheumatism (3.1%) in the boarding schools as compared to the day schools (0.5%). The bacteriologic examinations confirmed and established the etiology of the cases, revealing moreover the role of carriers in maintaining and spreading the infection. The ASLO test showed persistent and high gammaglobulin titers in the children of the boarding schools, pointing to a state of hypersensitivity consequent to repeated streptococcal infections.

Adolescent↗

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Group B streptococci implicated in the etiology of acute pneumopathies in neonates.

111 neonates with acute respiratory insufficiency and/or severe pneumopathy (pneumonia, bronchopneumonia) occurring in the first 10 hours after birth were investigated during January 1990-September 1991 for the group B streptococci presence. 430 samples from these neonate cases: throat and nose exudates, necroptic material from died neonates (pulmonary, blood, bronchial secretion) and their mothers (lochia, vaginal and uterine secretion) were examined. 33% of the neonates and their mothers were positive with the same GBS. 65.30% from the GBS strains belonged to serotype Ia and 34.70% to Ib. 24.48% from the GBS strains were resistant to Penicillin G by diffusimetric method with a corresponding MIC of 0.1 UP/ml (22.12%) and 0.5 UP/ml (2.65%).

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sensitivity to penicillin of S. pneumoniae strains isolated from various pathological conditions.

297 S. pneumoniae strains isolated from patients with different pneumococcal infections during 1990-1991 were tested for the sensitivity to antibiotics--by the diffusimetric method to 9 antibiotics (Penicillin (6 micrograms), Ampicillin (10 micrograms), Erythromycin (15 micrograms), Oxacyllin (5 micrograms), Streptomycin (50 micrograms), Tetracycline (50 micrograms), Chloramphenicol (50 micrograms), Rifampicin (6 micrograms), and Kanamycin (30 micrograms) and by MIC determination to Penicillin and Erythromycin. 30% of S. pneumoniae strains were resistant to Penicillin and Erythromycin corresponding to a MIC > or = 1 UP/ml or > or = 1 microgram E/ml. The most active antibiotics were Chloramphenicol and Rifampicin and the less active: Tetracycline, Kanamycin and Streptomycin. A relation between the origin and serotype of the strains and the sensitivity to antibiotics was revealed. The strains from the throat, conjunctive and otic secretions and belonging to serotypes 19, 6 and 14 showed the highest levels of resistance to all antibiotics. A good correlation between MIC and diffusion method results was observed to Erythromycin and no correlation to Penicillin. In this last case the results of MIC determination to Penicillin were better correlated with the results of inhibitions diameters to Oxacyllin, method which have to be recommended.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Importance of associated viral and bacterial infections in the production of acute pneumonias.

Bacteriologic and virologic investigations carried out in a group of 85 patients with acute pneumonia have allowed the determination of the etiologic agent in 52.9% of the cases. Of these, 40% showed combined viral and bacterial infections. Mixovirus infections were frequently associated with staphylococcic ones (7 out of 8 cases) and adenovirus infections with the pneumococcic ones (6 out of 7 cases). The most severe and longdrawn clinical pictures with frequent pleuropulmonary complications (in 22.24% of the cases) had a biphasic evolution in only 6 of the 18 pneumonias of mixed etiology. For their high frequency and their clinical peculiarities, mixed etiology pneumonias might be considered as distinct clinical entities.

Adenoviridae Infections↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Importance of associated viral and bacterial infections in the production of acute pneumonias.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis by coagglutination method.

It was tested the possibility to evidence the pneumococcal capsular antigen, by coagglutination, directly in CSF, using a specific coagglutinating reagent for all the 10 serological types of S. pneumoniae more frequently encountered in our country. Were investigated 134 CSF from purulent meningitis, out of which 37 were of probable pneumococcal etiology, on the basis of bacterioscopic examination, 26 of other etiology and 71 of unknown etiology. The results obtained showed 28 (75.7%) positive reactions in the fluids from probably pneumococcal meningitides on the basis of the positive bacterioscopic examination. The specificity of the reactions is demonstrated by the negative reactions with the fluids from meningitides of other etiology, as well as by the concordance between the antigen serotype from the liquid and that of the isolated S. pneumoniae strain. For a good test sensitivity could argue the positive reactions obtained with 6 CSF from meningitides of unknown etiology.

Agglutination Tests↗

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Screening method for the detection of antistreptolysin "O" antibodies by latex-agglutination.

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Antibodies, Bacterial↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Kinetic detection of the complement fixing antibodies in the streptococcal infections using the semiautomated complement analyzer IC-81.

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Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Studies of group A and C streptococcal bacteriophages. Antigenic and lytic characterization.

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Antigens, Viral↗

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[An immunoenzyme method for titrating antipneumococcal antibodies].

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Antibodies, Bacterial↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative studies on the identification of serological groups of Streptococcus by latex agglutination and coagglutination].

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Agglutination Tests↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Current status and prospects in the diagnosis and epidemiology of streptococcal infections].

In the first part of the paper the author stresses the importance, and the necessity of laboratory investigation of streptococcal infections, in view of the establishment of the clinical and of the etiologic diagnosis, for assessing the efficiency of the treatment applied, for monitoring the recovery of patients, as well as of chronic patients, and for the prevention, and detection of late complications. The complex methodology of laboratory methods of diagnosis in streptococcal infections is presented, stressing the use, and the efficiency of micromethods and of rapid techniques for diagnosis. In the second part of the paper are presented a series of data concerning the epidemiology of streptococcal infecstions in our country, as well as in other countries, with reference to various forms of the acute disease, and of late complications, stressing some particular aspects of the streptococcal infection. Morbidity indexes are presented, as well as death rates for scarlet fever, acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic cardiopathies, as well as the incidence of different serologic groups of the haemolytic type, and the fluctuation of group A serotypes, which have been prevalent over the last years in our country. In view of lowering the morbidity the author recommends an extensive surveillance, organized along the lines of a primary prophylaxis program, as well as of a secondary program of streptococcal infections in high-risk collectivities.

Bacteriological Techniques↗