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Biomedical subjects

F Menestrina

Publications and source records attributed to F Menestrina.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Immunohistochemical characterization of osteoclasts and osteoclast-like cells with monoclonal antibody MB1 on paraffin-embedded tissues.

In this study we provide evidence that MB1, a newly developed monoclonal antibody which reacts with B lymphocytes and a proportion of T cells and monocytes, can be successfully used for the direct immunohistochemical identification of osteoclasts on paraffin-embedded surgical specimens. The antigen(s) recognized by MB1 is present at high density in the cytoplasm of osteoclasts of fetal bone and in the multinucleated cells of human giant cell tumour of bone (osteoclastoma), but is weakly expressed or absent in the giant cells of granulomas. MB1 is thus proposed as a new immunohistochemical marker for osteoclasts on paraffin-embedded material.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

Distribution of melanoma specific antibody (HMB-45) in benign and malignant melanocytic tumours. An immunohistochemical study on paraffin sections.

The distribution of a recently produced melanoma specific antibody (HMB-45) has been evaluated histochemically on paraffin sections in a large panel of melanocytic and non melanocytic tumours. Results have been compared with the presence of S-100 protein. HMB-45 was shown to be a highly specific antibody being present only in melanomas, junctional melanocytes and histogenetically related neoplasms such as melanocytic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy and, at low levels, on a proportion of peripheral nerve sheath tumours. The high specificity of HMB-45 antibody, coupled with the greater sensitivity of S-100, makes the combined use of these markers practical in the differential diagnosis of skin tumours and of metastatic lesions of uncertain primary site.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1988

Immunohistochemical analysis of sarcoid granulomas. Evaluation of Ki67+ and interleukin-1+ cells.

Proliferating cells have been immunophenotypically characterized in lymph node and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples obtained from patients with active and inactive sarcoidosis with the cell-cycle-related antigen Ki67. Ki67 monoclonal antibody was used by combined immunohistochemical methods together with antibodies recognizing macrophage- and T-cell-subset-related antigens using avidin-biotin peroxidase (ABC) and alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) systems. Many proliferating Ki67+ cells were found in affected mediastinal lymph nodes. These cells were mainly located around granulomas and exhibited phenotypical markers of helper/inducer T cells (CD3+, CD4+). Ki67+ macrophages could not be detected in the same lesions with this technique. A different picture was found in BAL preparations where proportions of both T lymphocytes and macrophages were Ki67+. The presence of replicating lymphocytes could be correlated to disease activity, whereas the proportions of Ki67+ macrophages did not show significant differences between active and inactive disease. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) expression was investigated in the same samples with a specific antiserum. Epithelioid macrophages in granulomas and BAL macrophages in all cases exhibited cytoplasmic staining revealing an activated status. Interestingly, giant cells in granulomas were mainly devoid of IL-1 immunoreactivity. These studies support the concept that activated cells at different sites of ongoing inflammation play a central role in the mechanisms accounting for granuloma formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Immunohistological analysis of Rosai-Dorfman histiocytosis. A disease of S-100 + CD1-histiocytes.

Five cases of Rosai-Dorfman histiocytosis (RDH) (also called Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphoadenopathy; SHML) have been studied by immunohistochemical methods with heteroantisera and monoclonal antibodies. One case was also studied by Southern blot hybridization analysis with DNA probes specific for T cell receptor beta chain and immunoglobulin heavy chain. Immunophenotyping of large histiocytes, characteristic of RDH, evidenced the presence of S-100 protein and the absence of CD1 and other markers usually found in histiocytes and macrophages. DNA hybridization study showed the absence of clonal T or B lymphoid populations.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗
PubMed1987

Mediastinal large-cell lymphoma with sclerosis. Genotypic analysis establishes its B nature.

The Southern blot hybridization technique has been applied to study the configuration of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes in 6 cases of the so called mediastinal large cell lymphoma with sclerosis. This lymphoma has been recently recognized as a separate entity among non-Hodgkin lymphomas mainly affecting young adult patients. The B-cell origin of this neoplasm was suggested by means of immunohistochemical analysis. However, the immunophenotypical B-cell related markers used do not always exhibit lineage fidelity. The Southern blot analysis demonstrated the presence of unique heavy and k-light chain immunoglobulin gene rearrangements, establishing genotypically their B-cell origin.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1987

Immunohistochemical evidence of active thymocyte proliferation in thymoma. Its possible role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

Eight cases of human thymoma have been analyzed on cryostat sections with the monoclonal antibody Ki67, which reacts with cells in the proliferative phases of the cell cycle. The aim was to assess the proportion of proliferating thymocytes among lymphoid cells in the thymoma samples. In all cases a large number of cells (mean, 58.75%; range, 35-80%), recognized as thymocytes by morphology and lack of cytokeratin expression in a combined immunohistochemical assay, exhibited nuclear Ki67 staining. These findings differ from the reactivity pattern observed in age-matched nonneoplastic thymuses where lower growth activity of cortical thymocytes was observed (15-20% Ki67+ cells). Intensive thymocyte proliferation in thymomas may represent one of the factors which lead to autoimmunity in myasthenia gravis and thymomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Hyaline-vascular type of Castleman's disease (angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia) with monotypic plasma cells. An immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibodies.

A case of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease) characterized by monotypic (IgG+, lambda+) plasmacytosis is described. Fresh tissue was available and a thorough immunohistochemical analysis of lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells was performed on cryostat sections. Although lymphoid follicles were numerous and exhibited some abnormal features they did not appear part of the monoclonal cell proliferation. Follicular lymphocytes were mixtures of Kappa+ and lambda+ cells. Vessels penetrating within these abnormal follicles expressed reduced levels of FVIII and Leu-M5 antigens and exhibited thicker layer of collagen type IV. The analysis of T-cell subsets showed a normal (3:1) T4/T8 ratio. This case extends to the mixed variant of hyaline-vascular Castleman's disease, the neoplastic potential previously associated to the plasma cell variant of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Mediastinal large-cell lymphoma of B-type, with sclerosis: histopathological and immunohistochemical study of eight cases.

Eight cases of mediastinal non-lymphoblastic large-cell lymphoma have been studied by histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. A common clinical, morphological and immunophenotypic pattern was identified. Six of eight cases proved to be of B-cell origin by the expression of B-associated antigens detected by specific monoclonal antibodies. Cells of large size with nuclei of varying morphology and a peculiar type of fine compartmentalizing fibrosis were observed in all specimens. Clinically the disease was characterized by the young age of the patients, primary mediastinal involvement, aggressive behaviour and spread to unusual sites (kidneys in four cases). This seems to be a hitherto unrecognized entity in the field of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, often misdiagnosed because of location and a morphology uncommon for B-cell malignancies. Immunohistochemical analysis on frozen tissue sections appears to be mandatory for a correct diagnosis. Nevertheless, this type of lymphoma could be suspected also on the basis of its peculiar clinicopathological characteristics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Blastic OKT6-positive proliferation preceding malignant histiocytosis.

A 45-year old male presented latero-cervical lymphoadenopathy. Biopsy revealed a malignant proliferation of immature "lymphoid" cells bearing T6 antigen and HLA-DR but negative for other lymphoid markers, suggesting a phenotype similar to Langerhans cells. The patient did not receive any therapy and six months later developed a histologically typical malignant histiocytosis, involving spleen and liver. Other reported cases of lymphoid malignancies (two bearing the T6 antigen on blast cells) preceding malignant histiocytosis were found and compared with ours. Most of these cases were characterized by the pediatric age of the patients and were presented as acute leukemias exhibiting, in at least some of them, reliable T-cell markers. Our case appears to represent, on the other hand, a blastic proliferation of precursors of both histiocytes and Langerhans dendritic cells which eventually progressed to malignant histiocytosis. The relevance of this observation in the debate on the origin of Langerhans cells and the relationships existing between macrophages and dendritic cells is discussed.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗
PubMed1985

A distinctive cutaneous malignant neoplasm expressing the Langerhans cell phenotype. Synchronous occurrence with B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

The authors describe a 63-year-old woman who developed a histologically distinctive malignant cutaneous neoplasm composed of large pleomorphic cells with abundant cytoplasm and multilobate, often clefted nuclei that occasionally contained small nucleoli. This neoplastic cell population metastasized to a regional lymph node already involved by a B-cell derived chronic lymphocytic leukemia expressing surface IgMk, BA-1, and OKT1. The large metastatic tumor cells lacked surface immunoglobulin, B-lymphocyte associated antigen BA-1, T-lymphocyte associated antigens OKT1 and OKT3, and the monocyte/macrophage markers lysozyme and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. These tumor cells expressed HLA-DR antigens, adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), OKT6, and contained S-100 protein, i.e., they expressed the phenotype peculiar to epidermal Langerhans cells. The typical clinical and histologic features of Histiocytosis X were absent. Thus, this case appears to represent a distinctive cutaneous neoplasm composed entirely of malignant cells of dendritic cell origin which, by immunophenotypic and histochemical analysis, appear to be related to epidermal Langerhans cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

[Malignant lymphoma with primary bladder localization].

The malignant lymphoma with primary localisation in the urinary bladder rarely occurs in the clinic. The therapy essentially depends on the position and the extension of the tumour. Despite their malignity these tumours seem, however, to have a relatively good prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Immunohistochemical analysis of thymoma. Evidence for medullary origin of epithelial cells.

The histologic organization of lymphoid and nonlymphoid (epithelial and interdigitating) cells in a thymoma has been compared to that of the normal thymus. Enzyme and immunohistochemical methods were applied, using both conventional antisera (to cytokeratin) and monoclonal antibodies (to epithelial cells, HLA-DR and lymphoid subsets). Throughout the tumor, the epithelial cells shared phenotypical similarities with the epithelial cells of thymic medulla (RFD-4 positive, cytokeratin strongly positive, and HLA-DR essentially negative). On the other hand, the lymphoid cells were heterogeneous in phenotype and distribution, and "mimicked" the distribution seen in the normal infant thymus. Immature thymocytes of cortical type (TdT+, OKT6+, OKT3-) were predominant in the areas with moderate lymphocytic infiltration (ML). Mature T-lymphocytes (TdT-, OKT6-, OKT3+) were found mainly in areas with scanty lymphocytes (SL) together with an additional population of HLA-DR positive interdigitating and HLA-DR+, OKT6+ Langerhans'-type cells. These findings indicate that in thymoma tissue, the lymphoid elements of cortical type are apparently surrounded by an inappropriate (medullary) epithelium.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Epithelial membrane antigen expression in cholangiocarcinoma. An useful immunohistochemical tool for differential diagnosis with hepatocarcinoma.

Twenty-two cases of primary hepatic tumours (16 hepatocarcinoma and 6 cholangiocarcinoma) have been studied by immunoperoxidase technique, for the presence of Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA). All 6 cases of cholangiocarcinoma showed positive reaction for the presence of EMA while 14 out of 16 hepatocarcinoma were completely negative. In two cases of hepatocarcinoma focal positive cells were present. The results obtained suggest that EMA could be of valuable use, in surgical pathology, for discriminating hepatocarcinoma from cholangiocarcinoma.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1982

Synovial sarcoma enzyme histochemistry of a typical case.

A typical case of biphasic synovial sarcoma was studied using enzyme histochemistry. A marked difference between the staining characteristics of the spindle cells and the epithelial-like cells was demonstrated by reactions for various hydrolytic enzymes. The epithelial-like cells exhibited a strong reactivity for alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and nonspecific esterase, whereas spindle-cells were completely unreactive when tested for these enzymes. This is, to our knowledge, the first report demonstrating differences in the enzymatic pattern of the two cell populations which compose synovial sarcoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Dipeptidyl(amino)peptidase IV (DAP-IV) histochemistry on normal and pathologic lymphoid tissues.

The enzyme glycyl-proline-naphthylamidase (dipeptidyl-amino-peptidase IV), (DAP-IV) has been histochemically analysed in normal and pathological specimens of different lymphoid tissues. In all the tissues examined, the enzyme appeared to be highly specific for T cells. Using chloroformacetone fixation and sections of proper thickness, DAP-IV could be successfully demonstrated in cortical thymocytes, which exhibited weak reactivity, as well as in medullary thymocytes which showed a more intense and variable reactivity. A similar reactivity was observed in T cells of peripheral blood, lymph node, and spleen. Various acute lymphoblastic and nonlymphoblastic leukemias and malignant lymphomas were studied using the histochemical method for DAP-IV. Malignant cells from all the acute leukemias and from the B-cell lymphomas were DAP-IV unreactive, while strong reactivity was observed in one case of T-CLL and one case of T-PLL. The possible relationship of DAP-IV positivity pattern with T-cell maturation and its potential use as a diagnostic tool in lymphoproliferative disorders are discussed.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1981

Involvement of the central nervous system in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Fifteen of 146 (10%) adult patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma showed clinical and pathologic evidence of involvement of the central nervous system (CNS): in 6 patients, the CNS lymphoma was present at the onset of disease, in 3 of them it was the only sign detected. In the remaining 9 cases, CNS involvement appeared during the course of systemic disease. In all cases symptoms related to infiltration of the CNS were associated with advanced disease (stage IV); bone marrow or bone involvement was found in 9 patients (60%). The histologic subtypes were mostly of high-grade malignancy according to the Kiel classification: immunoblastic (3), centroblastic (3), Burkitt type (2), lymphoblastic (1), LP immunocytoma in polymorphic variant (3), unclassifiable (3). The prominent signs and symptoms of CNS lymphoma are listed: the cranial nerve palsies are the most common finding. The principal means of detecting CNS involvement are discussed: cerebrospinal fluid cytology, brain scan and CAT scan were the most useful diagnostic procedures. The reported data allow identification of patients at high risk of CNS lymphoma: this includes histologies of high-grade malignancy, advanced stage of disease, and bone marrow or bone infiltration. Therefore, either intensive systemic chemotherapy or CNS prophylaxis are recommended for patients with high risk of CNS disease.

Adult↗