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Biomedical subjects

F Martin

Publications and source records attributed to F Martin.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Acoustic impedance measurement in the otological assessment of multiply handicapped children.

This survey investigated the use of acoustic impedance measurement on a population of multiply handicapped children and correlated the results with otoscopy. Thirty-one children were tested with an impedance meter studying tympanometry, tympanic membrane compliance, and acoustic reflex. Otoscopic examination was also scheduled for each child. The results show that 42% of children tested had some kind of middle-ear problem, mostly unrecognized at the time of this survey. There was 100% agreement between impedance and otoscopic findings. Apparently impedance audiometry can be useful for identifying middle-ear disorders in children who cannot be tested by traditional audiometric methods.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1976

Intestinal metabolism of estrogens.

Estrogen metabolism in the human intestine was studied in two ways. Firstly, by measuring the excretion of 12 estrogens in pooled human late pregnancy feces before and during the administration of ampicillin (2 g/day). Secondly, by administering 5.4 and 20 mg of 16alpha-hydroxyestrone orally to two postmenopausal women and analyzing the estrogens in simultaneously drawn portal and peripheral venous blood samples at time intervals from 0 to 150 min after steroid administration. The majority of the estrogens in normal pregnancy feces were unconjugated. The amounts of estradiol, estreon and 16-epiestriol excreted, relative to the principal estrogen estriol, were greater than in pregnancy bile or urine and 16alpha-hydroxyestrone, an important biliary estrogen, was only present in trace amounts. Considerable quantities of 15alpha-hydroxyestradiol-17beta were also found. Ampicillin administration, which decreases intestinal bacterial steroid metabolism, caused a huge increase in the fecal excretion of conjugated estrogens. In particular it caused very striking increases in the excretion of both unconjugated and conjugated, estriol, 15alpha-hydroxyestrone, 15alpha-hydroxyestradiol and 2-methoxyestrone. These findings emphasize the active role played by the intestinal microflora in estrogen metabolism under normal conditions. Administration of 16alpha-hydroxyestrone resulted in increases in portal venous unconjugated and conjugated 16alpha-hydroxyestrone, 16-oxoestradiol-17beta, 15alpha-hydroxyestrone, 16-epiestriol and conjugated estriol levels. The most significant finding in both subjects was the large increase in portal venous unconjugated 15alpha-hydroxyestrone. This would suggest that the human intestine (or intestinal contents) has the ability to carry out the transformation, 16alpha-hydroxyestrone leads to 15alpha-hydroxyestrone. Increases in the same estrogens were found in peripheral plasma, with the increase in conjugated estriol occurring in peripheral blood before it was seen in portal blood. The largest elevations in peripheral plasma values were seen in unconjugated estriol and conjugated 16alpha-hydroxyestrone in the subject who received the 20 mg dose and in unconjugated 16alpha-hydroxyestrone and 16-oxoestradiol-17beta in the subject who had the 5.4 mg dose. The intestinal and enterohepatic metabolism of estrogens is discussed in relation to these findings.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1976

Oestrogen in human pregnancy faeces.

The oestrogen content of two 24 h pools of pregnancy faeces, obtained from 2 normal women in the 33rd-37th week og gestation, was studied. The qualitative analyses were made by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry and the quantitative analyses by mass fragmentography. The presence of the following oestrogens in pregnancy faeces was established: Oestriol, oestrone, oestradiol-17 beta, 16-epioestriol, 17-epioestriol, 16 alpha-hydroxyoestrone, 16-oxo-oestradiol-17 beta, 15 alpha-hydroxyoestrone and 15 alpha-hydroxyoestradiol-17 beta. In addition, mass fragmentographic evidence was obtained for the presence of 16 beta-hydroxyoestrone, 2-methoxyoestrone and oestradiol-17 alpha. The total oestrogen excretion determined in the two pools was 786 and 1300 mug per 24 h. Unconjugated oestrogens accounted for 97.8 and 98.6% of these amounts, respectively. Oestriol, oestradiol-17 beta, 15 alpha-hydroxyoestradiol-17 beta, 16-epioestriol and oestrone, in that order, were quantitatively the most significant of the oestrogens determined. The remarkably high levels of oestradiol-17 beta fround in faeces show, that in pregnancy, this mode of excretion is as important as urine for the elimination of this biologically active steroid. It is suggested that some of the oestradiol may have b-en formed through bacterial enzyme action from other oestrogens or neutral steroids. Only trace amounts of ring D alpha-ketolic oestrogens were found in faeces. This is in marked contrast to the considerable amounts of these steroids found in pregnancy bile and urine.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1976

[The malignancy of early-onset epilepsy (catamnestic study)].

The originality of the present study derives from the continuous and prolonged observation of over 100 epileptics--presently late adolescents and young adults treated from childhood by the same physician. All cases of infantile epilepsy with spontaneously favourable evolution were automatically excluded. The author defines some criterions of evaluation of the remote prognosis. The earlier the epilepsy appears, the more restricted the potentiality of autonomy will be. The risk of total invalidity arises to 50% for patients whose epilepsy started before they were 6 years old. It decreases significantly when the epilepsy starts after the age of 6 years. Beside the West and Lennox syndroms cases, for which the autonomy is very reduced, the prognosis gets distinctly worse in cases of inaugural epileptic state; it is slightly better in cases with hemiconvulsive start. The numerous and serious emotional complications make also the prognosis worse as they reduce, more than the persistence of the fits and the low intellectual level, the potentiality of socioprofessional integration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Circulating antibodies in rats bearing grafted colon carcinoma.

Sera from rats bearing primary or grafted colon carcinoma may contain antibodies that can react with antigenic determinants at the surface of cultivated colon cancer cells. Assays with various target cells and absorption experiments suggest that antigens recognized by circulating antibodies are common to independent lines of cultivated colon cancer cells. They are therefore cross-reacting, tumor-type-specific antigens. They could be embryonic or fetal antigens, because some sera from multiparous animals react with colon cancer cells. However, blocking experiments suggest that these antigens differ from the carcinofetal antigen previously demonstrated on the surface of intestinal cancer cells by xenoantiserum.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The free-falling drop detector--a nover fluorescence detector for high-performance liquid chromatography.

A novel fluorescence detector for high-performance liquid chromatography has been designed to minimize the instrumental limitations of conventional flow-through, fluorometers. This unit contributes less than 5 mul to the "dead volume" of the chromatographic system. Sensitivity comparable to that of existing flow-through fluorometers has been attained without optimizing instrumental parameters. Performance of the unit has been evaluated with reference samples containing saccharides typical of glycosphingolipids. Future improvements are discussed.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1976

[Electroencephalographic contribution to the differentiation of functional and structural disorders].

Parametric and symptomatologic studies of the EEG in large populations have served to define stages of maturation and criteria of "normality". The younger the subjects, however, the wider are the variations. In the first stage of life only massive cerebral lesions afford unquestionable EEG evidence: in evaluating dysrhythmias it is necessary to bear in mind their high incidence in normal subjects. Hence their meaning is to be understood only by prolonged longitudinal studies. The reference here is not only to diffuse or focal slow anomalies, but also to specific pathologic rhythms. The difficulty of interpreting such anomalies is particularly evident when epileptogenic potentials are found, since they may be signs of a lesion but their clinical correlations are uncertain. The concept of "masked epilepsy" must be rejected. Only the diagnoses of latent or proven epilepsy are admissible, and these epilepsies may be without direct relationship to the clinical, psychiatric or central nervous findings in the affected subject. Numerous genetic, afferential, emotional or biologic factors are involved in the development of non-lesional disorders. Accordingly, the EEG has only a minor contribution to make in the definition of mild focal or diffuse pathologic anatomy of the brain in the very young subject.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Resurgence of two fetal aldolases in rat duodenal adenocarcinomas.

We have shown, by kinetic, electrophoretical and immunological methods, the resurgence of two intestine fetal aldolases (A and C) in well-differentiated rat duodenal adenocarcinomas. Our findings demonstrate that the resurgence of fetal isozymes in cancer is a general phenomenon, occurring in intestine, as in liver and other tissues.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Antigens associated with chemically induced intestinal carcinomas of rats.

Rabbits were immunized with extracts of primary or grafted intestinal adeno-carcinomas induced by carcinogenic drugs in inbred rats. After absorption with normal tissue extracts, the antisera were able to recognize three tumor-associated antigens. Two of them were glycoproteins, present in cancer cells but also, in trace amounts, in mucous cells of the normal digestive tract. The third antigen is not detectable in the normal digestive system, but present in normal spleen; on im-unofluorescence, it is not located in the cancer cells, but in polymorphonuclear cells infiltrating the tumor. None of the three antigens cross-reacts with human carcinoembryonic antigen, or human or rat alphafetoprotein. On the other hand, one of the glycoprotein antigens is immunologically related to the human blood group A substance.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Effect of ampicillin administration on the excretion of twelve oestrogens in pregnancy urine.

The excretion of twelve oestrogens in urine, pooled daily from a group of pregnant women, was determined before, during and after ampicillin administration (2 g/day, for 3 days). On the second day of ampicillin administration total oestrogen excretion fell to 67% of the mean control value, oestriol excretion to 69% and that of the other eleven individual oestrogens to an average of 62% of the mean control values. In general, on the third day of treatment and on the two post-treatment days this decrease tended to be corrected. The patterns of change in the urinary levels of the individual metabolites provided no clear lead to the basic mechanism of ampicillin impairment of oestrogen excretion. However, as the drug affected all their excretion in more or less the same way as it did that of oestriol, it is possible that ampicillin interferes primarily with their enterohepatic circulation in the mother as has been established with reasonable certainty in the case of oestriol.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1975

Hemodynamic evaluation of patients with intrahepatic portal hypertension. Relationship between bleeding varices and the portohepatic gradient.

Between January 1970 and December 1974, 389 patients presenting an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage had an emergency fiberoptic esophagogastroscopy at the time of bleeding. In 103 cases, esophageal and/or gastric varices were visualized and in 46 of these cases, bleeding originiated from varices. Hemodynamic data was available in 19 cases of intrahepatic portal hypertension who had bled from varices. Combined hepatic and umbilicoportal catherterization was perform in 17 cases whereas only hepatic vein catherterization was possible in 2. The portohepatic gradient (FPVP-FHVP or WHVP-FHVP) was utilized as an index of portal hypertension. In the 19 patients studied, the portohepatic gradient ranged from 12 to 24.5 mm Hg with a mean of 18.4 mm Hg; only one patient had a portohepatic gradient of less than 14.5 mm Hg. The present data strongly suggest that in intrahepatic portal hypertension, bleeding varices are observed only if significant portal hypertension exists. Hemodynamic studies may thus be helpful in evaluating bleeding patients with varices particularly when the origin of the bleeding cannot be determined at endoscopy. The finding of a portohepatic gradient of less than 12 mm Hg would strongly suggest that varices were not the source of bleeding and in these cases, shunt surgery should not be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A carcinofetal antigen located on the membrane of cells from rat intestinal carcinoma in culture.

Heteroantisera were produced in rabbits by immunization with cultivated cells from rat intestinal carcinomas. The sera were made specific by in vivo absorption in syngeneic rats. On immunofluorescence, these sera recognized a membrane-associated antigen common to five different intestinal carcinomas and to fetal intestine. The antigen was not detected in noncancerous adult intestine, nonintestinal fetal tissues, or three nonintestinal tumor cell lines.

Animals↗