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Biomedical subjects

F Mühlberger

Publications and source records attributed to F Mühlberger.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Evaluation of the Gen-Probe amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test for the routine diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

A total of 624 respiratory specimens from 543 patients (418 Belgian, 110 Rwandan, and 15 Colombian patients) were tested for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test (MTDT, Gen-Probe). Compared to culture, the MTDT on 497 samples of sputum or broncho-alveolar lavage from Belgium had a sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive value of 86.4%, 96.0%, 50.0% and 99.3% respectively. The pooled results for Rwanda (112 specimens) and Colombia (15 specimens) were 97.8%, 65.7%, 88.2%, 92% respectively. After resolution of discrepant results by taking into account the clinical data, the results for the Belgian patients were 86.9%, 96.2%, 52.6%, 99.3% respectively, and for the Rwandan-Colombian patients 98.1%, 100%, 100% and 92% respectively. Results could be improved by testing more than one specimen from each patient and the inclusion of an internal control to detect inhibitors of the reaction. Culture remains necessary for drug susceptibility tests and the isolation and identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria.

Belgium↗
PubMed1995

[Ofloxacin-cycloserine-protionamide-INH combination against treatment refractory lung tuberculosis].

Multiresistant tuberculoses are on the increase. The conversion rates in "additional" therapy are only modest. 17 multiresistant patients and 6 treatment-refractory tuberculoses were treated by us with ofloxacin-cycloserin-protionamide-INH. 16 of these patients were HIV positive. 21 patients converted after 3 months of treatment by the latest. 3 patients died of HIV syndrome. There was otherwise no difference between HIV positive and HIV negative patients. As a rule, the combination was well tolerated. In multiresistant tuberculosis, it is mandatory to administer at least 3 drugs to which there is no resistance.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical findings and follow-up of 100 each HIV-negative and HIV-positive cases of bacillary pulmonary tuberculosis in Rwanda].

This prospective randomised study compares 100 each HIV negative und HIV positive patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, under hospital conditions. Both groups are similar in respect of age and sex. Tuberculin anergy exists in 24% of the patients of the HIV positive group. Symptomatology and complaints are analogous. HIV positive patients excrete a greater quantity of tuberculosis bacilli. There is no difference between both groups in respect of sputum conversion. The HIV negative group has a comparatively greater number of tuberculous cavities, whereas the positive group has more infiltrations. Radiological regression is more rapid and marked in the HIV-negative group, and weight increase is also superior, plus a definite regression of the sedimentation reaction and correction of anaemias. Drug tolerance is equally good in both groups. There is a difference in respect of social status and profession.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Pulmonary cryptococcosis associated with HIV-1 infection in Rwanda: a retrospective study of 37 cases.

OBJECTIVES: To study the demographic, clinical, radiographic and diagnostic features, the clinical course and therapeutic response of pulmonary cryptococcosis in HIV-1-infected patients. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: The Department of Medicine of an urban reference hospital in Central Africa. METHODS: All the records of HIV-1-infected patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis were reviewed retrospectively with regard to the parameters described above. RESULTS: Over a 3-year period, pulmonary cryptococcosis was diagnosed in 37 HIV-1-infected Rwandan patients (21 men, 16 women; mean age, 35 years; range, 26-55 years). Twenty-nine patients (78%) had primary pulmonary cryptococcosis. Cough (94%), weight loss (65%), fever (51%), dyspnoea (46%), thoracic pain (30%), headache (13%) and haemoptysis (8%) were the predominant clinical findings. A diffuse interstitial infiltrate on chest radiograph was observed in 76% of the patients, an alveolar pattern in 19%, mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathy in 11%, nodules and pleural effusion each in 5%. Bronchoalveolar lavage, with a yield of 82%, was found to be the most sensitive diagnostic procedure. Screening of cryptococcal antigen in the serum failed to detect cases of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis. Twelve patients with primary pulmonary cryptococcosis treated with itraconazole as acute and maintenance therapy were all protected against disseminated cryptococcal disease; seven out of 10 (70%) of those who did not receive a specific anticryptococcal drug developed disseminated cryptococcal disease. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary cryptococcosis is not a rare complication of HIV-1 infection in Rwanda. Its clinical and radiographic patterns are non-specific and bronchoalveolar lavage is the procedure of choice for its diagnosis. The natural history of untreated primary pulmonary cryptococcosis is disseminated cryptococcal disease. Itraconazole is highly effective in the prevention of disseminated cryptococcal disease in patients with primary pulmonary cryptococcosis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical-experimental testing of the effects of a new hypnotic on respiratory function in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic-obstructive syndrome].

In a placebo-controlled double-blinded study with ten healthy volunteers and ten patients with obstructive airway disease, the effect of the test compound on respiratory function was measured. Results show that in healthy persons as well patients with obstructive lung disease of slight to moderate degree respiratory functions were not impaired.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Bladder carcinoma following bladder tuberculosis].

Two females developed squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder several years after tuberculosis of this organ. These observations are compared with similar reports. It is striking that in this situation squamous cell carcinomas occur almost exclusively as has become known from carcinomas of the bladder developing after other chronic infections.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Open tuberculosis with radiologically negative cavity findings].

Non-cavernous bacillary tuberculosis is observed with relatively increasing frequency nowadays. Most patients affected have very few or no symptoms, and radiographs usually show circumscribed lesions. The essential feature is the low infection risk due to the small number of bacilli excreted.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Papilloma of the bronchus.

Based on the observation of a recurring bronchial papilloma in a 56-year-old male, the authors aim at directing the interest of pneumologists, and especially endoscopists, to this group of rare lesions. The tumor observed obviously developed in a lung lobe affected by chronic tuberculosis, and presented with luminal obstruction. The histopathological definition of solitary papilloma, its differential diagnosis from from papillomatosis, the probable dignity of this type of lesions and the clinical features are discussed.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

[Evolution of tuberculosis and lung perfusion].

Ten patients with pulmonary tuberculosis of strikingly long duration despite intensive antituberculous therapy were examined by combined lung scintigraphy (133Xe in physiologic saline i.v. and 99mTc-MAA/microspheres). As a rule the scintigraphic perfusion defects far exceeded the lesions seen radiologically. These results appear to justify the presumption that the decrease - or even absence - of perfusion in the affected areas is responsible for protracted healing in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Proceedings: Changes in the disease pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis].

Some 100 cases of active tuberculosis of the lung from each of the years 1953, 1963 and 1973 were studied to determine changes in the disease pattern. Chronologically a reduction in the distribution of multisegmental lesions and a diminution of the number of cavities was observed, with a marked tendency towards segments 1, 2 and 6. The number of new patients diminished and that of reactivated cases increased. Particularly noticeable was the observation of more highly productive tuberculoses.

Female↗