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Biomedical subjects

F M Fouad

Publications and source records attributed to F M Fouad.

101 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Reversal of cardiac hypertrophy in humans.

Reversal of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy has definitely been proved to follow effective blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. This reduction in cardiac mass does not depend solely on blood pressure levels as measured in routine follow-up; it varies markedly with the type of drug used and even among patients treated with the same antihypertensive agent. The factors influencing the degree of regression of hypertrophy include stability of blood pressure control (entailing diurnal variations and response to stress), neurohumoral disturbances or fluid retention induced by the antihypertensive drug, and the presence of associated cardiac disease, as well as individual variations such as genetic background and possibly age. LV performance at rest was not depressed by the reduction in cardiac mass but remained normal in relation to changes in LV end-systolic stress.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The sympathetic nervous system and hypertension in primary aldosteronism.

To assess the role of the sympathetic nervous system in mineralocorticoid hypertension in humans, results from 24 patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma were compared with those in 27 appropriately matched essential hypertensive subjects and 26 normotensive subjects. Resting plasma catecholamine levels averaged 292 +/- 140 (SD) pg/ml in patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma, 305 +/- 101 in patients with essential hypertension, and 260 +/- 120 in normotensive subjects; none of the differences among the three groups was significant. With head-up tilt (60 degrees for 10 min) plasma catecholamine levels increased similarly in the aldosterone-producing adenoma and essential hypertensive groups (up to 681 +/- 111 and 611 +/- 57 pg/ml respectively, NS). beta-Blockade (propranolol, 10 mg i.v.) in eight aldosterone-producing adenoma patients decreased heart rate (from 78 +/- 5 to 68 +/- 3 beats/min, p less than 0.005) and cardiac output (from 5.5 +/- 0.4 to 4.6 +/- 0.3 liter/min, p less than 0.001), but left mean blood pressure unchanged (127 +/- 4 to 127 +/- 2 mm Hg). Combined alpha- and beta-blockade with phentolamine and propranolol in five patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma produced no detectable changes in blood pressure. Thus, results from biochemical, functional, and pharmacological studies in humans showed no evidence of enhanced peripheral sympathetic activity in the hypertension of primary aldosteronism.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro action of gastric mucosal lysosomal enzymes on intracellular gastric glycoproteins.

The results show that incubation of gastric mucosal cells from rat at pH approximately 4.5 or in the presence of aspirin is associated with a specific increase in the activity of some acid-hydrolases. Intracellular glycoproteins, isolated by non-degrative techniques from rat or dog fundic mucosal cells, were found to be potential bio-substrates for these acid-hydrolyses. This may suggest that cleavage of the carbohydrate moieties of the intracellular and mucosal cell wall glycoproteins is a fundamental step in the development of gastric ulceration. A model for gastric lesions is proposed and discussed in the light of the results obtained.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of glucocorticoids, insulin and a growth promoting tripeptide on the biosynthesis of plasma proteins in serum-free hepatocyte cultures.

The effect of cortisol, dexamethasone, insulin and a liver cell growth promoting tripeptide on the secretion of plasma proteins into the medium of rat hepatocytes in monolayer cultures was studied. Cortisol and dexamethasone resulted in equal to or approximately 2.5-fold increase in the fibrinogen synthesis with general suppression of albumin and alpha-lipoprotein synthesis. On the other hand, insulin inhibited the biosynthesis of most plasma proteins except for the complement system and transferrin. Concentrations of alpha-lipoprotein, alpha-1-macroglobulin and haptoglobin were moderately elevated when the tripeptide Gly-His-Lys was applied in low concentration.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiac function and dysfunction in hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the most common condition of increased left ventricular afterload that affects the cardiovascular system. OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of increased blood pressure on cardiac function. SUMMARY: In early or borderline hypertension, cardiac output increases but intravascular volume remains normal. In uncomplicated established hypertension, left ventricular systolic function is generally normal at rest; however, the left ventricular filling rate is reduced in approximately 30% of hypertensive patients without associated alterations in systolic function. In the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy, overall left ventricular systolic performance remains within normal limits; however, left hypertrophy in hypertension is associated with a high morbidity rate, possibly due to increased collagen concentration leading to reduced left ventricular compliance, fewer adrenergic receptors, reduced responsiveness of the adenylate cyclase system, and reduced coronary flow reserve. Acute increases in blood pressure in a hypertensive patient may worsen cardiac function, particularly in the presence of medications that interfere with the adrenergic support of the heart. New, accurate, noninvasive techniques can assess cardiac structural and functional aspects of hypertension under precise circumstances. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing both systolic and diastolic function is important in the follow-up of hypertensive patients and in the choice of therapy.

Heart↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The malaria situation in the Syrian Arab Republic].

The problem of malaria in Syria is not large one, and because of good surveillance and management, malaria cases have decreased from 626 cases in 1995 to 68 cases in 1998, of which 14 cases were indigenous ones. Vivax malaria cases are registered in the country only.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hemodynamic and antihypertensive effects of the new oral angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor MK-421 (enalapril).

The antihypertensive, hemodynamic, and humoral effects of the new converting-enzyme inhibitor enalapril (MK-421) were assessed by sequential studies during 3 months of uninterrupted treatment (20 mg twice daily) in 10 hypertensive patients. Six achieved good blood pressure (mean arterial pressure) control with enalapril alone (from 126 +/- 7.0 mm Hg pretreatment to 105 +/- 1.6 mm Hg at 3 months, p less than 0.05). The other four required the addition of diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg orally twice daily) at different stages of follow-up, with resultant blood pressure control (128 +/- 9.6 mm Hg pretreatment to 113 +/- 1.9 mm Hg at 2 months after the addition of diuretics). Neither the acute nor long-term blood pressure response could be predicted from the pretreatment levels of plasma renin activity. The blood pressure reduction during enalapril therapy was characterized by a decrease in total peripheral resistance (53 +/- 2.5 U X M2 pretreatment to 38 +/- 3.0 U X M2 at 3 months, p less than 0.05) with no significant change in cardiac output or heart rate. This lack of reflex tachycardia could not be ascribed to baroceptor dysfunction since the response to head-up tilt (the increase in diastolic blood pressure, in heart rate, and in plasma catecholamines) was normal and not significantly different from pretreatment response. Average blood volume did not change (91% +/- 4.3% of normal in the pretreatment period to 93% +/- 2.9% after 3 months of therapy, p = NS) despite the significant lowering of arterial pressure with enalapril alone (n = 6).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood pressure regulation in pheochromocytoma.

Two sets of studies were performed in 13 patients with proved adrenal pheochromocytoma to test the hypothesis that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is active and might contribute to the hypertensive state. Similar studies were performed in 15 additional patients considered to have essential hypertension. In the first set, 13 patients with pheochromocytoma were subjected to head-up tilt to assess the activity of the SNS. This maneuver decreased diastolic blood pressure in only two; heart rate increased appropriately in all except one. Changes in plasma norepinephrine (NE) were variable and did not correlate with changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). In the second set, 10 patients with pheochromocytoma were given a single oral dose of clonidine (0.3 mg) to evaluate what role, if any, the SNS might contribute to the hypertensive state. Fifteen patients with essential hypertension were studied similarly for comparison. Clonidine produced significant decreases in BP and HR but left plasma renin activity unchanged in both groups. In essential hypertension, the cardiovascular responses were accompanied by significant reductions in plasma NE. By contrast, plasma NE was unchanged in patients with pheochromocytoma, despite similar reductions in BP and HR. These results suggest that the sympathetic reflexes are intact in pheochromocytoma, and that much of the hypertension associated with these tumors may be related to increased sympathetic activity.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗