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Biomedical subjects

F M Carp

Publications and source records attributed to F M Carp.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Leisure activities of retired persons in the United States: comparisons with retired persons in the People's Republic of China.

This study was undertaken in view of the large and growing numbers of retired persons in the People's Republic of China; the dearth of information about how they spend their time; and the importance of such knowledge in guiding city reform and accomplishing the Four Modernizations and the future cause. The discretionary-activity patterns and rates, the importance of these activities, and their perceived impact upon the health of 551 retired persons and 100 employed workers in Shanghai were compared in order to investigate the role of retirement in China. To assess similarities and differences between retired persons in China and in the West, the activity patterns and rates of retired Chinese adults were compared with retired adults in two samples from the United States (352 from San Antonio and 899 from San Francisco).

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Relevance of personality traits to adjustment in group living situations.

The study replicates and extends recent work on personality determinants of adjustment. Personality traits and adjustment criteria were selected for relevance to one type of real-life setting (public housing for the elderly that includes a senior center). Personality traits were measured by observer ratings; criteria, by self-report of respondents and perceptions of them by other residents and staff. In concurrent and longitudinal analyses controlling effects of competence and social status, personality traits accounted for significant and meaningful variance in all criteria, and the salience of particular traits varied across criteria. The results are consistent with earlier studies regarding the importance of extraversion and neuroticism to subjective well-being and suggest that they are relevant also to adjustment as perceived by others. The additional traits of congeniality, culture, and nosiness/gossip were related to both inner and outer adjustment measures in the type of situations studied.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Structural stability of well-being factors across age and gender, and development of scales of well-being unbiased for age and gender.

Well-being, life satisfaction, morale, or affect valence is often used as an outcome in studies of adult life. Many instruments are available, and choice among them is difficult. There is need for information regarding the structure underlying what they measure and, in view of rising interest in adult-span models and investigations, for instruments that are unbiased with respect to age. Analysis of the items in several instruments showed four factors that seem to define the dimensions underlying these measures and that are constant across age (25 and older) and gender. Reliable scales developed on the basis of the factors provide measures that are, for all practical purposes, unbiased with respect to age and gender. Both factors and scales were cross-validated with a second sample.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Equity and satisfaction among the elderly.

This study compares the contribution of equity to that of aspiration, friends, and typical American as frames-of-reference for current status in predicting domain satisfactions and overall well-being. In their study of the quality of American life, Campbell, Converse and Rogers [1] found that the level-of-aspiration reference frame for viewing one's current situation provided the best prediction of domain satisfaction for younger but not for older adults and suggested equity as possibly relevant. This study of three samples of california adults aged sixty and over confirms the relevance of an equity frame-of-reference in accounting for the satisfaction of older people with specific conditions of their lives and with their overall life satisfaction or sense of well-being

Aged↗
PubMed1981

The validity, reliability and generalizability of diary data.

There is need for reliable and valid behavioral measures for field research. Five sets of data were analyzed, in which diary as well as interview approaches were taken. Results suggest that scores derived from one-week diaries have satisfactory construct validity (convergent, predictive and nomological); that, for salient activities, they are less subjective to retrospective bias than are interview data and that, for this reason, interview-diary discrepancies may be useful for hypothesis testing. For items of neutral value, interview and diary provided remarkably similar values. A one-day diary was not an adequate substitute for a one-week diary. Attrition related to diary-keeping resulted in under-representation of certain groups (e.g., low income, little education, minority ethnicity, poor health), and conclusions would be different if based on diarists' responses or those of the intact sample.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Ego-defense or cognitive consistency effects on environmental evaluations.

Numerous investigators have commented upon the sanguine evaluations of their living environments which are given by elderly people. The discrepancy between residents' and observers' evaluations suggests the involvement of ego defense or dissonance reduction. Insofar as this is true, old people's evaluations should become more negative when their efforts to move to a more desirable setting meet with sucess. This hypothesis was tested with the original group of applicants to one housing project for the elderly and cross-validated 9 years later with the original group of applicants to a different project. In both cases the hypothesis was supported. Applicants who were selected to move to new housing became more negative in their evaluations of housing than applicants who were not selected to move.

Aged↗