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Biomedical subjects

F M Calia

Publications and source records attributed to F M Calia.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1974

Comparative activity of tobramycin, amikacin, and gentamicin alone and with carbenicillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The effect of gentamicin against 130 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was compared with that of two investigational aminoglycoside antibiotics, tobramycin and amikacin. Minimal inhibitory concentration data indicated that, on a weight basis, tobramycin was two to four times as active as gentamicin against most isolates. However, 14 of 18 organisms highly resistant to gentamicin (>/=80 mug/ml) were also highly resistant to tobramycin. Amikacin was the least active aminoglycoside on a weight basis, but none of the isolates were highly resistant to this antibiotic. When therapeutically achievable concentrations were used, adding carbenicillin to gentamicin or to tobramycin enhanced inhibitory activity against those isolates susceptible (</=5 mug/ml) or moderately resistant (10 to 40 mug/ml) to the aminoglycoside. Such synergy was seldom demonstrated for isolates highly resistant to gentamicin or tobramycin. The combination of carbenicillin and amikacin enhanced inhibition against all but two of the isolates. Both tobramycin and amikacin offer in vitro advantages over gentamicin against P. aeruginosa.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1973

Serum antibiotic concentrations pre- and postcardiopulmonary bypass.

Serum concentrations of cephalothin or kanamycin, or both, were determined in 53 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Conventional doses of these antibiotics did not provide serum levels above the accepted minimum inhibitory concentrations in children. Adults had adequate serum antibiotic concentrations only when the antimicrobials were administered within 4 h of beginning cardiopulmonary bypass. The impact of these variations upon the occurrence of infectious endocarditis could not be appraised since no cases of infective endocarditis were seen during a 4-month postoperative period.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parenteral prophylaxis against enterococcal endocarditis.

Three commonly used antibiotic regimens for the prevention of enterococcal endocarditis were administered parenterally to six healthy men in a crossover manner. The regimens included 1 gm of streptomycin intramuscularly (IM) in combination with (1) procaine penicillin 600,000 units plus aqueous penicillin G 200,000 units IM; or (2) ampicillin 25 mg/kg intravenously (IV); or (3) ampicillin 1 gm IM. The combinations containing ampicillin IM or IV with streptomycin produced bactericidal activity at dilutions of 1:2 or greater for the majority of the strains, whereas the penicillin-streptomycin regimen did not. All regimens were poorly bactericidal against three strains of enterococci which were highly resistant to streptomycin. These data suggest that ampicillin plus streptomycin is the preferred regimen for prophylaxis.

Ampicillin↗