Denormalizing practices in rehabilitation facilities.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to F M Baker.
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Forty-six percent (274 of 600) of the members of the Texas Society of Psychiatric Physicians responded to a mailed survey that addressed retirement issues. Forty-seven percent of respondents were 60 to 69 years of age. Only 12% were female. Ninety-one percent were white, with 86% of respondents married. Only 24% of the sample (66 of 274) were retired at the time of the survey. Although engaged in more than one area of professional activity, 71% were involved in private practice, with 51% practicing in a private office. The major reasons for retiring were "a full life and ready to change pace" (52%) and "retired to pursue other interests" (25%). Twenty percent retired because of physical illness. A mixed financial package formed their retirement package, which included social security (80%), personal savings (73%), Keogh (64%), and state/US government monies (39%). Retired psychiatrists were interested in receiving additional information on successful patterns of retirement (21%), maintaining emotional and physical health (17%), and material on the problems and trials of retirement (15%). Leisure-time activities were varied, and most psychiatrists reported two to four activities. According to 39% of the sample, retirement should be discussed during medical school, 46% indicated that it should be discussed during residency training, and 80% selected Continuing Medical Education courses.
All incident cases of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease were identified through the unique record linkage system of the Mayo Clinic. Thirty-nine (32%) of the sample of 122 had a psychiatric history that preceded the onset of CDAD by at least 3 years. Twenty-five percent of the study population had had an episode of delirium within 2 years of the onset of CDAD. Eighty-four percent of the cases had psychiatric symptoms in the course of CDAD that were documented in their medical records. Specific symptom patterns included agitation, combativeness, confusion and disorientation, depression, psychosis, and wandering. These symptoms occurred more frequently in clusters than singularly.
The population resident in the skilled nursing home of a Veterans Administration Hospital on the 27th of June 1988 was screened for the presence of depression. Only 74% of the patients (59 of 80) were able to complete most of the screening battery: the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination, the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Hamilton Depression Scale. Thirty-four percent of the sample (20 of 59) met the criteria for a DSM-III-R psychiatric diagnosis; 22% (13 patients) had a major depressive disorder, and 12% (seven patients) had an adjustment disorder with depressed mood. The 15-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale was more effective than the Hamilton Depression Scale as a screening instrument in this population of frail elderly veterans who had multiple and severe medical problems (end-stage cardiac disease, progressive myasthenia gravis, terminal pulmonary disease, and multiple cerebrovascular accidents) that limited verbal and nonverbal communication, as well as physical endurance.
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Fifty-three percent of active members of the Black Psychiatrists of America responded to a mailed survey that assessed retirement planning issues. Sixty-five percent of respondents were male, 61% were married, 71% had children, and 83% owned their own homes. Thirty-nine percent owned property in another state. The major anticipated reason for retirement was "a full life, and being ready for a change of pace." A financial planner was used by 48% of the sample, and retirement seminars were attended by over 50% of the respondents. The majority of the sample were involved in the practice of adult psychiatry in multiple settings, including private practice settings, academic practice, mental health center practice, and state hospital practice. Eleven percent of respondents were retired.