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Biomedical subjects

F Lotstra

Publications and source records attributed to F Lotstra.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

General anesthesia after neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

The neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an uncommon and potentially lethal complication of therapy with neuroleptics characterized by pallor, hyperthermia, and extrapyramidal signs (Delay and Deniker, 1968). Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare but often fatal complication of general anesthesia characterized by hyperpyrexia and muscle rigidity, but not related to neuroleptic therapy. For both syndromes, NMS and MH, a common pathophysiology has been considered (Meltzer, 1973; Itoh, 1977; Caroff, 1980). These two syndromes may also be clinically indistinguishable from "acute lethal catatonia" characterized by fever, muscular hypertonicity, and stupor, first described by Stauder in 1934. We now report a case in whom NMS appeared following neuroleptic treatment for a psychotic depressive syndrome. After remission from the NMS, the patient underwent general anesthesia nine times for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) without ill effect. This case supports the theory of distinct pathogenic mechanisms for both NMS and MH.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1982

Immunohistochemical evidence for cholecystokinin-like peptides in neuronal cell bodies of the rat spinal cord.

Cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity has been demonstrated by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry in the spinal cord of various mammals, in particular in nerve fibers of the superficial layers of the posterior column, but had not been detected in neuronal cell bodies. We report immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of a group of cholecystokinin-containing neuronal cell bodies in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat. This group of cells is only visualized after direct injection of colchicine into the spinal cord and is located near the central canal in the intermedio-medial nucleus of area X of Rexed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Coexistence of cholecystokinin and oxytocin-neurophysin in some magnocellular hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurons.

The existence of cholecystokinin in the posterior hypophysis and its hypothalamic origin have been unequivocally demonstrated. Immunocytochemical evidence is presented for the coexistence of gastrin-cholecystokinin and oxytocin-neurophysin I immunoreactivities in some magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei both in rat and bovine hypothalamus.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Cholecystokinins in the central nervous system and neurohypophysis.

Research on digestive peptides in brain started in 1975 with the discovery of peptides of the gastrin-cholecystokinin family in the brain of various vertebrates. Cholecystokinin octapeptide is largely distributed in the brain and neurohypophysis and its mapping has recently been reported by various authors. An up to data table summarizing CCK mapping is included. Cholecystokinin coexists with dopamine in some mesencephalic neurones and with oxytocin in some hypothalamic neurones. CCK immunoreactive fibers have been detected in the anterior commissura and in the corpus callosum especially after its surgical sectioning. CCK immunoreactive cell bodies are present in the nucleus septum lateralis, the nucleus of the bed of the stria terminalis and the nucleus preopticus medialis especially after direct colchicine injection into the cerebral hemispheres. Cholecystokinin is of importance in structures related to various physiological functions such as motricity, sensory mechanisms, endocrine and limbic systems. Consequently it should be interesting to study cholecystokinins in neurological disorders and in psychiatric conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Immunohistochemical localization of cholecystokinin- and gastrin-like peptides in the brain and hypophysis of the rat.

The distribution of gastrin-cholecystokinin-like peptide(s) is reported in brain and hypophysis of the rat. The unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex immunohistochemical technique was used. Controls of specificity for various peptides were studied with solid-phase absorption. Colchicine treatment was necessary to obtain positivity in many neuronal cell bodies. In addition to their already known distribution, gastrin-cholecystokinins containing neural cell bodies and fibers were present in olfactory structures, in various preoptic and hypothalamic nuclei (except in mamillary bodies), in mesencephalic nucleus linearis rostralis, and in A-10, A-9, and A-8 regions of Dahlström and Fuxe, which include substantia nigra. From previous investigations and the present distribution study, it can be inferred that, although most of the brain material consists of cholecystokinin, gastrins may also be present in hypothalamo-posthypophyseal magnocellular cells, in nucleus tractus solitarii, and in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The distribution of positive cell bodies in the peripheral part of the paraventricular nucleus and in the dorsal part of the supraoptic nuclei in the hypothalamus is similar to that of oxytocin neurons. The localization of positive cell bodies in A-10, A-9, and A-8 regions of Dahlström and Fuxe is similar to that of dopaminergic neurons. The mesencephalic concentration of cell bodies and the wide distribution of fibers in striatal, hypothalamic, septal, and other hemispheric structures together with thick positive fibers in the medial forebrain bundle is consistent with the existence of ascending mesencephalic pathways, including the nigrostriate pathway.

Amygdala↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Distribution of immunoreactive cholecystokinin in the human hippocampus.

The distribution of cholecystokinin immunoreactive (CCK-IR) nerve cell bodies and processes is reported in the human hippocampus by using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique of Sternberger. The CCK-immunoreactivity occurs in three major classes of interneurons: small (10-20 microns) horizontal multipolar neurons of the alveus and stratum oriens; small vertically oriented bipolar or multi-polar neurons in the stratum oriens and stratum pyramidale of Ammon's horn, layers II and III of the subicular system and the entorhinal area; large (20-35 microns) bipolar neurons in the hilus. Each region of the hippocampus is distinct in its CCK-IR nerve fibers content. Those fibers are particularly abundant around pyramidal cells of the CA2 and CA3 subfields of the Ammon's horn and around granular cells suggesting synaptic interaction between the CCK nerve terminals and glutamate neurons of these two regions. No CCK-IR fiber is detected in the fimbria and only a few number of CCK-IR beaded fibers are seen in the angular bundle. These anatomical data suggest that CCK interacts in the functional circuitry of the human hippocampus.

Cholecystokinin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[No hypofrontality in schizophrenia demonstrated by positron emission tomography].

We studied cerebral glucose metabolism, using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and (F-18) fluorodeoxyglucose, in 15 young schizophrenic patients compare to 15 age-matched healthy volunteers. The PET investigation was made in a quiet room with a dimly light. Each subject remained in a supine resting state with eyes closed. Results failed to demonstrate any differences in glucose utilization between schizophrenic patients and control subjects, as far as absolute or relative, left and right values are concerned. Besides, variability of metabolic values was significantly higher in schizophrenics than in controls.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Substance P neurons in the human hippocampus: an immunohistochemical analysis in the infant and adult.

An analysis of the distribution of substance P immunoreactive nerve cell bodies and fibres is given for infant and adult human hippocampus by using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique of Sternberger. The description covers the substance P distribution in the area dentata, the Ammon's horn, the subicular complex and the entorhinal cortex. Each region shows a specific pattern in its substance P immunoreactivity. In general, the hippocampal neurons occur in three major classes of interneurons: large (20-35 microns) horizontal bipolar or multipolar neurons in the alveus, in the deep part of the subicular complex, the entorhinal cortex, and in the white matter of the angular bundle; small (10-20 microns) and large (20-35 microns) vertically oriented bipolar or multipolar neurons in the stratum oriens, in the stratum pyramidale of the Ammon's horn, and in the deep part of the subicular complex and the entorhinal cortex; large (20-35 microns) multipolar neurons in the hilus. Substance P immunoreactive fibres are particularly abundant around pyramidal cells of the CA2 and CA3 subfields of the Ammon's horn and around granule cells of the area dentata. They are also detected in the fimbria and angular bundle. Comparative study of the infant and adult hippocampus reveals no variation in the area dentata and Ammon's horn except that substance P immunoreactive fibres are more abundant in the molecular layer of the area dentata in adults. In contrast, a far more extensive number of substance P immunoreactive cell bodies are detected in the deep layers of the subicular complex and the entorhinal cortex, as well as in the white matter of the angular bundle in infants aged between three and 12 months old. This rich substance P immunoreactive network raises questions concerning its function within the human hippocampus.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Apropos of the 18th case of bismuth encephalopathy recognized in Belgium].

The authors present a typical case of bismuth encephalopathy detected in 1982. The patient was given oral insoluble bismuth salts for 20 years. Blood bismuth level was regularly measured (twice a year). No pathologic level was ever noted before she developed the intoxication. Up to now, only few reports are known in Belgium. Measures to prevent this encephalopathy are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurobiology of schizophrenia].

Summarizing the most interesting data obtained in schizophrenia by the genetic, morphological and psychopharmacological studies, the authors try to take stock of the two main physiopathological process involved in this disorder, as to say, modifications in the limbic structures anatomy and chemical disturbances in different neurotransmitter system.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Delirium or acute confusional state in elderly persons].

Delirium or acute confusional state is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome in later life. Failure to recognise delirium and treat the underlying organic condition may have fatal consequences. In delirium the main aspects of cognition, thinking, perception and memory are all disordered to some degree. A global disorder of attention is invariably present and may include illusions and hallucinations. Disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle and abnormalities of the psychomotor activity are essential features. Hypoactive and hyperactive states are reported. Some patients have a mixed picture, with swing back and forth between apathy and agitation. Its onset is acute and its duration is brief (less than one month). Typically, the severity of the symptoms fluctuates during the daytime with peaks at night. The adequate treatment of delirium presupposes that the syndrome has been diagnosed and that its underlying causes have been identified.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Decrease in the frontal-superobasal metabolic ratio in unipolar depression].

Cerebral frontal glucose metabolism was investigated in 12 unipolar depressed patients and compared to these of 12 healthy volunteers using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and (F18) fluorodeoxyglucose. The PET investigation was made in a quiet room with a dimly light and each subject remained in a resting state with closed eyes. Results show a decreased in a frontal superobasal calculated ratio in depressed patients compared to control subjects for left and for right values. This reduction indicates an imbalance between the frontal and the superobasal region. This imbalance could relate to some particular depressive symptom profile.

Adult↗