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Biomedical subjects

F Laerum

Publications and source records attributed to F Laerum.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Referrals for double-contrast barium examination. Factors influencing the probability of finding polyps or cancer.

Predictors of the radiologic detection of colorectal polyps or cancer were studied in 1852 patients referred from primary health care for a double-contrast barium enema. Significant polyp predictors were age 40-79 years (odds ratio (OR), 2.4-5.0) and rectal bleeding (OR, 1.8). Previous colorectal neoplasm, familial history of cancer in general, and male sex were nearly significant predictors of polyps. Significant cancer predictors were age > or = 60 years (OR, 8.6-27.8), rectal bleeding (OR, 2.7), loss of weight (OR, 2.6), and male sex (OR, 2.2). Fatigue and abdominal pain were nearly significant negative predictors for cancer. No association was found between patient delay and the detection of polyps or cancer. Physician delay was significantly shorter in patients with cancer than in cancer-free patients. Age was the most important predictor for the detection of both polyps and cancer, more important than symptoms and history, including family history.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Experimental colonic inflammation and ulceration. Permeation of a water-soluble contrast medium as a measure of 'disease' activity.

The aim of this study was to investigate the permeation of an isosmolar water-soluble X-ray contrast medium (CM) from the unperforated colon after experimental induction of inflammation and ulceration. One hundred and sixty-five male rats were included. In 110 rats 0.25 ml of 40% ethanol + 15 mg or 30 mg trinitrobenzene (TNB) was instilled into the colon, 7-9 cm proximal to the anus, inducing different degrees of inflammation. Fifty-five rats served as controls and had 0.25 ml saline instilled with the same procedure. At 7, 14, 21, and 28 days 3 ml of the non-ionic CM iodixanol was applied as an enema, and subsequently all urine was collected for the next 4 h. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses of the urine showed a positive relation between the severity of inflammation/ulceration in the colonic wall as assessed by a macroscopic damage score and the amount of CM excreted in the urine. Water-soluble contrast media may have prospects of combining functional tests of intestinal membrane dysfunction with segmental exposure control.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Urinary excretion of iohexol after enteral administration in rats with radiation injury of the small intestine.

Gut membrane dysfunction after acute and subacute irradiation injury to 10-cm-long small-bowel segments was assessed in 85 rats receiving doses of 17 and 21 Gy. Four and 14 days after irradiation 2 ml iohexol was administered via orogastric tubes, and hourly radiographs were taken. After 8 h, blood and urine were sampled for testing, and the intestine biopsied for light and scanning electron microscopy. Dense opacification of the urinary bladder was seen on abdominal films, and increased serum and urinary levels of iodine were demonstrated by X-ray fluorescence analysis in irradiated animals. Urinary levels were up to 20 times higher than in controls 4 days after irradiation, subsiding after 14 days. The effects were prolonged in the 21-Gy group. Our results indicate that measurement of iodine levels in serum and urine may be helpful in assessment of bowel injury in the course of irradiation treatment to pelvic or abdominal organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Water-soluble contrast media compared with barium in enteric follow-through. Urinary excretion and radiographic efficacy in rats with intestinal ischemia.

The local effects and radiographic efficacy of four water-soluble contrast media, barium and saline were evaluated in 91 anesthetized rats with a ligature applied to the anterior mesenteric artery and vein via laparotomy. The rats were observed for 8 hours after instillation of 3 mL of test substance via oro-gastric tube. Radiographs were taken after 1, 4 and 8 hours of observation. After 8 hours, the intestines were weighed, a biopsy was done for light microscopy, and blood and urine were sampled for testing. The roentgen contrast media caused dehydration and increased influx of fluid into the small bowel lumen in proportion to their osmolality. They diluted the bowel contents, enhanced their progression and distended the bowel walls. The diagnostic qualities of radiographic films were better using the new, low-osmolal contrast media than using either barium or sodium diatrizoate. The water-soluble contrast media were excreted in the urine, as demonstrated by dense opacification of the urinary bladder on abdominal films, and increased iodine concentrations at x-ray fluorescence analysis of the urine. This may be useful clinically in detecting bowel ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of water-soluble contrast media and barium in rats with small bowel obstruction or ischemia.

The experimental results from comparing the low-osmolar radiographic contrast media (CM) iohexol, iodixanol, and ioxaglate to the hyperosmolar CM sodium diatrizoate or barium for enteric follow-up examination in rats, suggest that low-osmolar CM are the better alternatives for use in examinations of obstructed small intestine. Excretion of iodine to the urinary bladder in rats with acute intestinal ischemia indicates that water soluble CM may be helpful in the discrimination between this serious disease and simple obstruction of the small intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effects of water-soluble contrast media on luminal distension and blood flow in closed loops of small bowel in minipigs.

The effects of iohexol, sodium diatrizoate, and physiologic saline on intestinal distension and circulation were observed for 8 h in nine minipigs with closed-loop obstruction of the small bowel. The two contrast media led to an elevation of intraluminal pressures when initially instilled at pressures above 35 mm Hg. These elevated pressures were not high enough to cause rupture of the bowel wall. Both contrast media caused severe mucosal ischaemia as judged from histologic sections, loops containing sodium diatrizoate more so than iohexol. The blood circulation of the bowel wall, examined by laser Doppler flowmetry, was after 6 to 8 h reduced to about 10% of the values of non-obstructed bowel at intraluminal pressures of about 70 mm Hg in the loops with iohexol and sodium diatrizoate. The correlation to osmolality was obvious when compared with concurrent observations in the loops with physiologic saline. In the bowel loops filled with physiologic saline the pressure fell to 5 mm Hg after 8 h, regaining approximately one-third of pre-instillation levels of blood flow. On microscopy these bowel loops had a nearly normal mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Subcutaneous heparin treatment of deep venous thrombosis: a comparison of unfractionated and low molecular weight heparin.

In a double-blind study, patients with phlebographically proven deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were treated with subcutaneous injections twice a day of either unfractionated heparin (UH; n = 27) or low molecular weight heparin (LH; n = 29) for 7 days, and the dose was adjusted until therapeutic range was reached, according to a chromogenic substrate anti-Xa assay. Forty-eight percent of the LH group did not need dose adjustment as compared to 24% of the UH group. During the course of heparin administration, deviation from initial heparin activity was frequent in both groups, but mean activity did not indicate a cumulative effect in either group. There was 1 incidence of pulmonary embolism (LH) and only 1 minor bleeding episode (UH). Half of the patients in both groups were phlebographically improved. We conclude that subcutaneous heparin treatment with UH or LH appears safe and convenient.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Transrectal ultrasonography before and after neodymium-YAG laser irradiation of localized prostatic carcinoma.

Transrectal ultrasonography was used to evaluate 54 patients with localized prostatic carcinoma treated with neodymium-YAG laser irradiation. Both pre- and postirradiation scans were obtained in 30 patients, while additional 24 cases were examined after laser irradiation only. The procedure represents a valuable contribution to proper preoperative staging and is mandatory for the follow-up of patients selected for this particular treatment. The shrinkage of the capsule is negligible after laser irradiation. No specific ultrasonic changes due to the laser effect are to be found. Abnormal parenchymal echoes and capsular irregularities are the major parameters indicating early recurrence of disease. The presence of malignancy must be confirmed by biopsy.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

"Pseudo" intramural injection following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

An angiographic appearance of "pseudo" intramural injection is commonly produced following intraluminal balloon dilatation resulting from the dehiscence of the atheromatous intima that is an unavoidable consequence, and not a complication of angioplasty. These angioplasty-induced changes differ from true intramural dissections in that they are confined to the dilatation site and do not extend beyond this area.

Angiography↗