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Biomedical subjects

F Kobayashi

Publications and source records attributed to F Kobayashi.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Analysis of the levels of CA125, CEA and CA19-9 in the cervical mucus samples obtained at various phases of the menstrual cycle and with inflammatory diseases of the uterine cervix].

Recently, normal cervical glandular cells have been reported to synthesize and secrete CA125 as a common constituent of normal cervical mucus. However, the levels of CA125 in the cervical mucus samples during the menstrual cycle and with cervical inflammatory diseases have not been determined. Therefore, we measured CA125 in cervical mucus samples in various phases of the menstrual cycle and in patients with cervical polyp or vaginitis. In addition to CA125, CEA and CA19-9 were also examined in the same samples. CA125 levels in the mucus samples of women (45 cases) without any gynecologic disorders (control) were 102,200 +/- 8,600 (M +/- S.E.) U/ml. Significantly higher levels were noted in the samples obtained in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase. CA125 levels in the mucus with atrophic vaginitis (12 cases) were significantly lower than those of controls. CEA and CA19-9 levels in the control samples were 3,400 +/- 550 ng/ml and 3,470 +/- 500 U/ml, respectively, and both of these showed no significant difference between the follicular and luteal phases. However, both CEA and CA19-9 levels in the cervical mucus with cervical polyps (15 cases) or vaginitis were much higher than in the controls. Accordingly, the present study revealed that CA125 in the cervical mucus fluctuates during the menstrual cycle, probably under the influence of ovarian sex steroids. In addition, CEA and CA19-9 in the cervical mucus samples obtained from women without any gynecologic disorders showed low levels, but those with inflammatory diseases were high, and this suggested that inflammatory diseases in the cervix and/or vagina may affect the constituent of the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens in the cervical mucus.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[The effects of nicotine on the synthesis and secretion of surfactant in the rabbit fetal lung].

The effects of nicotine administration on the synthesis and secretion of surfactant in the rabbit fetal lung were studied by measuring phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in the fetal lung tissue and amniotic fluid. The concentrations of both PC and PG in the lung tissue were decreased by administering nicotine to the mother. On the other hand, the concentrations of PC and PG in the amnniotic fluid were not altered by nicotine administration. Moreover, the PG/PC ratio in the amniotic fluid of the nicotine group was similar to that of the control group. The plasma catecholamine levels were elevated in the growth retarded fetuses from nicotine-treated mothers. These findings indicated that the administration of nicotine to the mother suppressed the synthesis of surfactant in the fetal lung but enhanced the secretion of surfactant to the alveolar cavity, probably via the stimulation of beta-receptor by catecholamine, and that the biochemical maturity of the surfactant was not altered by the administration of nicotine to the mother. The results of the present study might provide basic information to help to understand the clinical experiences reported by others i.e. that in the newborn from a smoking mother, respiratory distress occurred less frequently than in those from non-smokers.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1987

Freeze fracture study of the schizonts and merozoites of Leucocytozoon caulleryi.

The fine structure of the schizonts and merozoites of Leucocytozoon caulleryi was studied by the freeze fracture technique. Young schizonts were spherical, surrounded by a thick fibrous capsule and possessed numerous nuclei. The nucleus was surrounded by the outer and inner nuclear membrane. A number of nuclear pores were evident in the nuclear membranes. Advanced schizonts were characterized by the formation of cytomeres. Each cytomere was surrounded by a membrane. Several nuclei lay along the periphery of the cytomere. The protoplasmic face (P-face) of the membrane of the cytomere contained numerous intramembranous particles (IMP). The exoerythrocytic merozoites were surrounded by a two-layered pellicle consisting of the outer and inner membrane. During freeze fracturing, each of the two membranes could split along its hydrophobic interior to yield a total of four fracture faces. The P-faces of the outer and inner membranes were closely covered with evenly distributed IMP. The external faces (E-face) of these membranes had less IMP than the P-faces. The membrane architecture of the erythrocytic merozoites was similar to that of the exoerythrocytic merozoites. The erythrocytic merozoite was enveloped by an additional membrane probably derived from the plasma membrane of host cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Changes in the peripheral vasculature of various organs in patients with sarcoidosis--possible role of microangiopathy.

Vascular involvement in sarcoidosis is briefly reviewed with emphasis on the outcome of a 10-year project-study by the Sarcoidosis Research Committee of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare. Examples of vascular disorder associated with sarcoidosis are presented, including basal lamina layering of the capillaries in the skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and lung, glomerulopathy in the kidney, vascular changes in the ocular fundus and bronchi, and impaired peripheral circulation that could be detected by thermography. According to our tentative definition, all of these disorders should be collectively called microangiopathy. The possible role of microangiopathy in the pathogenetic mechanism of sarcoidosis is also discussed. Although microangiopathy in sarcoidosis is a comprehensive term, it should be included, in addition to systemic granulomatous disease, as part of the clinicopathological entity of sarcoidosis.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1986

Transmission of hand-arm vibration to the head.

A "tooth impression" was devised to measure head vibration. The vertical head vibration of four subjects was measured with the tooth impression during exposure of the hand to vertical sinusoidal vibration at acceleration levels of 3.15, 10.0, and 31.5 m/s2 root mean square in the range of 8-200 Hz. While in a standing position, the subjects pulled the vibrating handle upward at a force of 5 kg with the elbow joint stretched during the tests. The measurement was repeated twice. The difference between the two measurements was within 3 dB, a level which suggests that this method has good reproducibility. The vibration transmitted to the head was the greatest in the range of 12.5-16 Hz, and the attenuation was about 20 dB. Head vibration decreased by approximately 15 dB per octave at frequencies above 20 Hz as the frequency increased. When the excitation level was increased by 10 dB, the head vibration increased by about 8 dB.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[General pharmacology of (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new antitumor antibiotic].

General pharmacology of (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin hydrochloride (THP) was studied in experimental animals. Intravenous administration of THP showed no significant effect on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, such as blood pressure, heart rate, ECG and respiration in anesthetized rabbits and dogs. But in rats and cats, THP produced a transient decrease in blood pressure resulted from vasodilation. The hypotension was not inhibited by antihistaminics. Contraction of isolated guinea-pig atria was stimulated by THP at high concentrations (10(-4) g/ml). THP inhibited the spontaneous movement of isolated rabbit ileum and rat uterus (virgin and pregnant) at high concentrations (10(-4) g/ml). In some isolated guinea-pig ileum preparations, THP partially (6 approximately 36%) antagonized the contraction inducing by acetylcholine, histamine, serotonin and barium chloride. Urine volume and urinary excretion of electrolytes were increased by intravenous injection of 5.0 mg/kg THP. Vascular permeability was progressed when administered intracutaneously. Hemolytic effect was shown at high concentrations (10(-4) g/ml) but no effect on the coagulation was found. No significant effect of THP was observed on the general behavior and central nervous system, autonomic nervous and peripheral nervous systems. Also, THP had no significant effect on gastrointestinal propulsion in mice, the mucous membranes of the stomach and duodenum of rats, or gastric acid and bile secretion in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Sarcoma-like mural nodules combined with a microfocus of anaplastic carcinoma in mucinous ovarian tumor.

A case of mucinous ovarian tumor with sarcoma-like mural nodules, one of which coexisted with a microfocus of anaplastic carcinoma, was studied by light, electron microscopic, and histochemical examinations. The case suggested that the formation of sarcoma-like mural nodules may be the result of the proliferation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells which exist beneath the mucinous epithelium by some stimulation like hemorrhage in the cyst wall. Histologically, the mononucleated cells composing the sarcoma-like mural nodules had epithelioid characteristics, particularly at the areas where the covering mucinous epithelium had already detached. The case also suggested that the findings of epithelioid characteristics in the sarcoma-like mural nodules themselves do not imply these nodules to be anaplastic carcinoma, but merely an epithelioid differentiation from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, namely one of reactive products. However, the existence of a microfocus of anaplastic carcinoma combined with the sarcoma-like mural nodule necessitates a careful histologic analysis of mural nodules for the treatment of patients and the determination of the prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1985

Tay-Sachs disease associated with precocious puberty.

A girl with Tay-Sachs disease developed enlargement of the mammary glands at the age of 4 years and menstruation at the age of 6 years. It was demonstrated that the precocious puberty in this patient was due to the hypersecretion of gonadotropins.

Child↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of fosfomycin on auditory organs and its transfer to cochlear lymph following application of its solution into a middle ear cavity].

Male guinea pigs were given 0.1 ml of 2, 3 or 5% fosfomycin (FOM) ototopical solution once a day for 5 days into a middle ear cavity through artificially perforated ear drum. Kanamycin A (KM) was used at 2% ototopical solution as control drug. Four animals of each group were sacrificed under pentobarbital anesthesia to isolate the cochlea 10 days after the final application. The cochlea was washed with 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), followed by fixing with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 1% osmic acid. Cochlear specimens were prepared by standard method for scanning electron microscopic observation. The scanning electron microscopic observations revealed some damages in outer and inner hair cells, such as partial deformation or loss of auditory hair in hair cells, but these damages were not correlated to drug treatments. In order to determine the transfer of FOM and KM from middle ear cavity to cochlear lymph in male guinea pigs, the cochlear lymph was collected 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours after an application of 0.1 ml of 3 or 5% FOM and 2% KM ototopical solution into a middle ear cavity, followed by estimating content of these antibiotics in the lymph. The results showed the peak concentration in lymph at 1 to 2 hours after an application of 3% FOM was lower than that after 2% KM, but the AUC of 3% FOM was higher than that of 2% KM. The AUC value of FOM was dependent on the applied concentration of FOM. The value of half-life time was about 4.8 hours at FOM and about 2.3 hours at KM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗