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Biomedical subjects

F Kapadia

Publications and source records attributed to F Kapadia.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Factors associated with interest in initiating treatment for hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection among young HCV-infected injection drug users.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify factors associated with interest in receiving therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among HCV-infected injection drug users (IDUs) in 3 United States cities. METHODS: IDUs aged 18-35 years who were HCV-infected and seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus underwent surveys on behaviors, experience, and interest in treatment for HCV infection and readiness to quit drug use. RESULTS: Among treatment-naive IDUs (n=216), 81.5% were interested in treatment for HCV infection, but only 27.3% had seen a health-care provider since receiving a diagnosis of HCV infection. Interest in treatment for HCV infection was greater among IDUs with a high perceived threat of progressive liver disease, those with a usual source of care, those without evidence of alcohol dependence, and those with higher readiness scores for quitting drug use. Interest in treatment for HCV infection was 7-fold higher among IDUs who were told by their health-care provider that they were at risk for cirrhosis or liver cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Improving provider-patient communication and integrating treatments for substance abuse and HCV may increase the proportion of IDUs who initiate treatment for HCV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Low response rate schools in surveys of adolescent risk taking behaviours: possible biases, possible solutions.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the potential biases introduced when students in low response rate schools are dropped from classroom based surveys of adolescent risk taking behaviour. DESIGN: Self administered confidential surveys were conducted in classrooms, with follow up visits to each school to survey students absent during the initial survey administration. Data on students in schools that achieved a 70% response rate are compared with data on students in schools that did not achieve this level of response. SETTING: New York City, United States. PARTICIPANTS: 1854 10th graders in 13 public (state supported) high schools. MAIN RESULTS: Students in schools with low response rates resulting from high rates of absenteeism have different demographic characteristics and engage in more risk behaviours than students in schools with low absenteeism and high response rates. Excluding schools with low rates of response can have an effect on estimates of risk behaviour, even after data are weighted for individual absences. The potential for bias is greatest when, in sampling schools, the proportion of schools with low response rates is large, and when such schools represent a large share of the students in the area under study. CONCLUSIONS: Excluding schools with poor response rates from survey samples using a classroom based approach does not improve, and may, under some circumstances, underestimate risky behaviour among adolescent populations.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1998

Mechanical ventilation: simplifying the terminology.

There is presently considerable ambiguity and confusion relating to ventilator terminology. This can be eliminated using a simple approach, visualising mechanical ventilation as an inspiratory pump, and defining trigger, limit, and cycling in this context. The trigger is the signal that starts a breath by opening the inspiratory valve, the limit is the factor which controls the way gas flows into the lung, and the cycle is the signal that stops the breath by closing the inspiratory valve and opening the expiratory valve. By identifying these three basic parameters, one can precisely dissect and interpret any of the vast ventilatory terminology.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

The impact of infection control on intensive care unit microbial isolates.

In todays world, good infection control practices in high pressure intensive care units is of vital importance. Endogenous infections from the patients own microbial flora now cause the majority of nosocomial infections as the exogenous infections are curtailed to a large extent with aggressive surveillance and prevention of infection. We analysed absolute numbers of microbial isolates as an indirect reflection of infection rate in the intensive care unit (ICU) for 6 months in 1992, 1994 and 1996. We demonstrated that inspite of the total admission to the ICU increasing, the impact of infection control is certainly felt with strict inforcement of protocols.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1997

A simple technique to limit ICP catheter infection.

Infection of intracranial catheters is a common complication of ICP monitoring. The introduction of a simple technique of ensheathing the entire length of the external segment of the catheter in a sterile plastic sheath resulted in a decreased infection rate. In the study year, one of 78 patients developed catheter-induced meningitis, compared with seven of 64 patients in the year prior to the introduction of the protective plastic sheath. The use of a plastic sheath resulted in a low rate of infection.

Asepsis↗
PubMed1996

Sepsis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1996

AIDS in the ICU.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

The role of blood microfilters in clinical practice.

Blood filters have been available since the 1930s. In this review we evaluate the role of microaggregate filters (MF) in certain transfusion complications, namely non-haemolytic febrile transfusion reactions (NHFTR), pulmonary injury, thrombocytopenia, fibronectin depletion and histamine release. We review the latest generation of leucocyte depleting filters and discuss their role in preventing alloimmunisation, immunosuppression and CMV transmission. Finally, we provide a rationale for the role of blood microfiltration in the present day practice of intensive care medicine.

Blood Transfusion↗