Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to F Jehl.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a transmembrane protein associated with a phenotype of cross resistance to certain anticancer agents. P-gp is thought to act as an energy dependent pump that expels the anticancer drug out of the tumoral cell, reducing its accumulation and hence its activity. P-gp has been detected in vivo and in vitro in numerous tumor cell types but also in normal tissues and particularly in organs involved in the pharmacokinetic behaviour of xenobiotics. The physiologic functions of P-gp remain unclear but a growing amount of information suggests that it can play an important role at the different steps of pharmacokinetics (i.e., absorption, distribution, elimination). This review gives an update on what is known about the impact of P-gp on the disposition of drugs.
Cefixime is an orally administered cephalosporin with physicochemical properties able to account for a possibly significant biliary excretion. In addition, over 50% of total clearance of the drug has been shown to operate through extra renal pathways in healthy volunteers. The aim of the study was to quantify and to delineate the kinetics of cefixime biliary elimination in ten patients provided with external drainage. Following a single 200 mg oral dose of cefixime, biliary clearance of the drug appears to vary from 0.85 to 27.3 ml/min. Contribution of the latter to the apparent total clearance is relatively low since ranging from 0.8 to 18.6% (mean 5%). Additionally, biliary clearance kinetics of the drug proves non linear and well described according to a sigmoidal model. On account of these results, and given the dianionic charge of the molecule as well as the absence of any metabolite reported so far, an intrahepatic binding and accumulating process, mediated by ligandin, seems to underlie the hepatobiliary excretion of cefixime, as previously reported for other anionic beta-lactam antibiotics.
We describe a multiresistant Enterobacter aerogenes outbreak in an intensive care-unit. An epidemiology study based on phenotypic characters (species diagnosis and antibiotype) was completed by a genotypic study (pulsed field electrophoresis) to confirm bacterial clonality. The hygiene laboratory proposed numerous preventive measures to limit bacterial dispersion. We describe the role of bacteriologists, hygienists and medical staff to stop the bacterial dispersion.