Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

F J Barr

Publications and source records attributed to F J Barr.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Ultrasonographic assessment of bladder neck mobility in continent bitches and bitches with urinary incontinence attributable to urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence.

OBJECTIVE: To determine bladder neck positional changes between standing and recumbent positions in bitches and whether change is related to continence status or general anesthesia, or both, and to evaluate reproducibility of measurements. ANIMALS: 45 continent animals and 46 incontinent bitches with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (SMI). PROCEDURE: Distance between the bladder neck and perineal skin was measured ultrasonographically via the perineum while each dog was conscious in standing and right lateral recumbency and in right lateral recumbency under general anesthesia. Measurements of the bladder neck position obtained in right lateral recumbency under anesthesia were compared with radiographic measurements of the same parameter. Reproducibility of the ultrasonographic measurements of the distance between bladder neck and perineum was assessed on 3 occasions for each position in 50 dogs. RESULTS: In all dogs, differences in bladder neck position between standing and recumbent conscious-associated positions were not significant. However, caudal bladder neck movement between standing conscious- and recumbent anesthesia-associated positions and between recumbent conscious- and anesthesia-associated positions was significant for all dogs. Incontinent bitches had greater degree of caudal bladder movement during anesthesia. Mean difference in bladder neck positions between recumbent conscious- and recumbent anesthesia-associated positions was 0.24 cm in continent, compared with 0.73 cm in incontinent, bitches. Radiographic measurements were significantly greater than ultrasonographic measurements. Differences between repeated measurements for standing position were not significant, but those for recumbent conscious- and recumbent anesthesia-associated positions were significant. CONCLUSIONS: Additional vesicourethral support mechanisms in continent dogs, are deficient in bitches with SMI, allowing the bladder neck to move further caudad.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Relationships between urethrovesical angles and urinary incontinence due to urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in bitches.

In women, the posterior urethrovesical angle is thought to be an important factor in the aetiology of stress urinary incontinence. This form of incontinence has many similarities to urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (SMI) in the bitch. The role of the ventral and dorsal urethrovesical angles in the aetiology of SMI in the incontinent bitch has yet to be established. Positive-contrast retrograde vagino-urethrograms from 30 incontinent bitches with a diagnosis of SMI and 30 continent bitches were retrieved and the angles between the urethra and dorsal and ventral bladder walls were measured. No relationship was shown to exist between the dorsal urethrovesical angle (the equivalent of the posterior urethrovesical angle in women) and urinary incontinence due to SMI in bitches. Differences in ventral urethrovesical angles were considered to be associated with differences in bladder neck position between the two groups of bitches.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Cystic thymoma in a cat with cholesterol-rich fluid and an unusual ultrasonographic appearance.

A cystic thymoma was identified in an eight-year-old domestic longhair cat with a chronic cough. Radiographs indicated a large mass of soft tissue density in the anterior thorax. Ultrasonography revealed an echogenic mass occupying the cranial and mid-thorax with a slight swirling movement of the echoes. Subsequent drainage under ultrasound guidance yielded a cholesterol-rich fluid. The mass was resected at exploratory thoracotomy and the diagnosis of thymoma confirmed. There was no sign of recurrence one year postoperatively. The clinical features and unusual laboratory findings are presented and compared with previously reported cases of thymomata in the cat.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Reference ranges for gastrointestinal transit of barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres in healthy cats.

Commercial barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS) were administered to 12 healthy adult cats according to the manufacturer's instructions (30 small BIPS and 10 large BIPS to each cat) together with 60 g of a canned food. Radiographs were taken at hourly intervals until seven hours after feeding, and then at eight, 10, 12, 14, 17, 23 and 30 hours or until all the BIPS had left the stomach and at least 50 per cent had entered the colon. Six cats were sedated immediately after being fed the BIPS and six cats remained unsedated. For small BIPS (1.5 mm diameter), the gastric transit time (first exit of BIPS from the stomach) in the sedated cats had a median of 6 hours (range 3 to 8) and in the unsedated cats a median of 2.5 hours (range 2 to 6). Values for other transit times were not significantly different between the two groups, and the pooled data revealed a median 50 per cent gastric emptying time of 6.4 hours (range 2.5 to 10.9), a complete gastric emptying time of 12 hours (range 6 to 27), an orocaecal transit time (first appearance of BIPS in the colon) of 6.5 hours (range 4.0 to 12.0) and a 50 per cent orocaecal transit time of 8.8 hours (range 4.6 to 12.8). The gastrointestinal transit of large BIPS (5 mm diameter) was significantly correlated with the passage of small BIPS but, except for the complete gastric emptying time, was significantly slower.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Unusual metaphyseal disturbance in two kittens.

This report describes the presenting features, radiographic changes, biochemical alterations and clinical progress of two kittens, from separate litters, which were found to have a growth plate disturbance initially diagnosed and treated as vitamin D3-dependent rickets, but subsequently suspected to be a metaphyseal chondrodysplasia.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Multiple discospondylitis associated with Aspergillus species infection in a dog.

Multiple discospondylitis was diagnosed in a four-year-old, neutered female German shepherd dog which had suffered intermittent pain of the axial skeleton for 10 months, which was followed by the sudden onset of paraplegia associated with the rupture of an affected disc. After surgical and medical management the dog began to improve but then deteriorated as a result of a pathological fracture of the fifth lumbar vertebra. A histological examination revealed fungal hyphae at the sites affected radiographically and they were identified by immunohistochemistry as Aspergillus species. No fungal hyphae were identified in other tissues. This is the first report of canine mycotic discospondylitis in the United Kingdom.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Tendonitis of the deep digital flexor tendon in the distal metacarpal/metatarsal region associated with tenosynovitis of the digital sheath in the horse.

Twenty-four horses with ultrasonographic evidence of tendonitis of the deep digital flexor tendon in the metacarpal/metatarsal region were seen over a 7 year period. Most horses had mild to moderate lameness and distension of the digital flexor tendon sheath in the affected limb. Intrasynovial analgesia of the digital flexor tendon sheath consistently improved the degree of lameness. Ultrasonography most commonly revealed small, distinct, often circular, focal hypoechoic areas within the deep digital flexor tendon which usually extended less than 1 cm proximodistally. The degree of lameness and swelling generally improved with box rest and controlled exercise, however, exacerbation of the clinical signs and ultrasonographic lesions was common when affected horses were returned to work or allowed free exercise at pasture. Of 24 cases, only 7 horses made a full recovery and returned to their intended athletic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Clinical signs and radiographic diagnosis of a portosystemic shunt in a foal.

A three-month-old native pony foal had a history of recurrent episodes of bizarre neurological behaviour. The results of clinical examinations were non-specific but clinicopathological investigations indicated hepatic encephalopathy. A percutaneous, needle liver biopsy revealed histopathological changes consistent with a portosystemic shunt, which was later identified by operative mesenteric portovenography, and confirmed at post mortem.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Atrial septal defect and atrial fibrillation in a foal.

Clinical examination of a four-and-a-half-month old foal revealed evidence of progressive heart failure associated with an atrial septal defect and atrial fibrillation. Atrial septal defects are rarely reported in foals and the foal's growth, development and demeanour were normal until a sudden onset of lethargic behaviour. The value of B-mode echocardiography in identifying the congenital lesion is indicated.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Estimation of bladder volume using ultrasonographic determination of cross-sectional areas and linear measurements.

The purpose of this study was to determine if ultrasonographic measurement of multiple cross-sectional areas combined with linear dimensions of the bladder could be used as a method of estimating bladder volume in the dog, and, if so, to compare the accuracy of this estimation with that described previously using linear measurements alone. Fifty-two live dogs undergoing investigation for urological disease and 37 fresh canine cadavers were used for bladder volume determination. Maximal length, depth, width, and area were measured from the maximal longitudinal and transverse sonograms in each living animal. In cadavers, the cross-sectional area of the longitudinal section of the bladder was measured at one centimeter intervals, and the measurements were summed. Based on sequential partial regression analysis, the cross-sectional area of the longitudinal section of the bladder and length were the best predictors of actual bladder volume in living animals. However, based on the cadaver experiment, the best predictor of actual bladder volume was summed parasagittal area alone, and, in cadavers, this was a much better predictor of actual bladder volume than the combination of the cross-sectional area of the longitudinal section of the bladder and length. The formula derived in living dogs using the cross-sectional area of the longitudinal section of the bladder and length gave a less accurate estimation of bladder volume than a previously published formula where only linear measurements were used.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of ultrasonographic and radiographic measurements of canine prostate dimensions.

The purposes of this study were to: 1) compare prostatic dimensions measured on radiographic and ultrasonographic images and 2) compare a subjective radiographic assessment of prostate size with a previously-described objective method. Thirty-four male dogs undergoing investigation of prostatic disorders were used. Prostate length and depth were measured from ultrasonographic and radiographic images. A subjective assessment of prostate size ('small', 'normal', or 'enlarged') was made in 29 animals by one of the authors who was unaware of radiographic or ultrasonographic measurements. In addition, the distance from sacral promontory to the pubic brim was also measured. A prostate length or depth of >70% of this distance was defined as 'enlarged' and <70% as 'normal'. After the effects of magnification on radiographic measurements were eliminated, there were no significant differences between prostatic length measured by the two methods. However, a significant difference was obtained between prostatic depth measurements. The subjective assessment agreed with a previously described objective assessment of prostatic size in 21/29 dogs for prostate length but in only 12/29 for depth. Prostatic length varied from 46.6 to 116.4% (mean 75.7%) of the distance from the pubic brim to the sacral promontory. Prostatic depth varied from 33.0% to 94.6% (mean 59.7%) of the same distance. It is recommended that prostate length, rather than depth, be used when evaluating prostate size from lateral abdominal radiographs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of ultrasound in the assessment of laryngeal paralysis in the dog.

Forty dogs with clinical signs suggestive of upper respiratory tract disease underwent echolaryngography and laryngoscopy. Laryngoscopy was used as the definitive technique to diagnose laryngeal paralysis. The ultrasound investigation accurately indicated the presence of the paralysis and confirmed the uni- or bilateral nature of the disorder. Findings indicative of laryngeal paralysis included asymmetry or absence of motion of the cuneiform processes (30/30), abnormal arytenoid movement (16/30), paradoxical movement (9/30), caudal displacement of the larynx (2/30) and laryngeal collapse (1/30). Thirty dogs were found to be afflicted with laryngeal paralysis and ten had normal laryngeal motility.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiographic progression of osteoarthritis of the canine stifle joint: a prospective study.

A radiographic scoring system for features of osteoarthritis of the canine stifle joint was devised. Intra- and inter-rater agreement was assessed by calculation of unweighted kappa statistics. "Global score," "effusion," "osteophytosis," and "intra-articular mineralization" were all features that had acceptable reliability, but "subchondral sclerosis" did not. The scoring system was used in a 13-month prospective study of the radiographic progression of osteoarthritis of the stifle joint, secondary to cranial cruciate ligament deficiency, in 58 dogs. In the index stifle joints all features were characterized by significant change over time, but osteophytosis had the greatest degree of change. In addition, 40% of contralateral joints showed progressive osteophytosis.

Animals↗