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Biomedical subjects

F Ichida

Publications and source records attributed to F Ichida.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Cardiac chamber growth pattern determined by two-dimensional echocardiography.

Two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements of the right and left ventricles from the parasternal long-axis and apical four-chamber views and an estimated right ventricular-left ventricular dimensional ratio were obtained in 173 normal subjects, ranging from 1 day to 15 years of age. The end-diastolic dimensions of both the right and left ventricles increases in proportion to the logarithmic function of body surface area. The right ventricular-left ventricular dimensional ratio decreases immediately after birth and continues to decrease during the first months of life. Newborns have altered ventricular shapes as seen in the pathological conditions of right ventricular volume or pressure overload. After the first months of life, the ventricular shapes remain constant throughout childhood. The 95% prediction intervals for the data were computed, and we suggest that the confidence limits of the normal data may be useful for quantitative echocardiographic evaluation in childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Correlation of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes in Kawasaki syndrome.

To determine whether changes in ECGs correlated with abnormalities in echocardiograms in children with acute and convalescent Kawasaki syndrome, we undertook a retrospective analysis of 44 patients examined during the first 2 weeks of illness and followed for at least 6 months, 31 for longer than 1 year. We analyzed 360 ECGs, 282 echocardiograms, and clinical status. Results of echocardiography showed 18 children with myocardial dysfunction, pericardial effusion, and/or coronary arterial abnormalities (41%); 26 children had no abnormalities. All 18 of the former and all but 10 of the latter had abnormalities on serial ECGs that normalized on recovery. Thirty-four of 44 patients (77%) had ECG abnormalities. These abnormalities were most prevalent in the first month: 68% appeared in the first week, about 50% in the second to fourth weeks, 16% at 2 months, and 10% at 3 months. The type of ECG change did not predict the type of echocardiographic abnormality, except that low voltage of QRS was found only with pericardial effusion. The most frequent early changes were in T waves, which were flattened in 28 (64%). Later 12 patients had high, peaked, abnormal T waves. Prolonged PR interval occurred in 13 patients, seven of whom had echocardiographic abnormalities. Of six with prolonged QT interval, four had abnormal echocardiograms. The possibility of having an abnormal echocardiogram increased with the number of ECG changes: from 0 risk with no change to 37% for one, 47% for two, 80% for three, and 100% for four changes in serial ECGs. Both ECGs and echocardiograms are important in early and subsequent evaluation of these patients. Inasmuch as the ECGs showed abnormalities in 77% whereas echocardiograms showed changes in 41%, we believe that serial ECGs in comparison with prior tracings offer the more sensitive noninvasive indicator of pancarditis in young children during acute and convalescent Kawasaki syndrome.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Biochemical evidence for the local synthesis and retention of fibronectin in the tissue of human placenta.

1. Human chorionic tissues were incubated with [14C]leucine and/or [3H]glucosamine, and fibronectin synthesis was examined. 2. Radio-labeled fibronectin was detected in the tissue fraction of the incubation mixture, but not in the medium fraction, indicating that fibronectin is synthesized and retained in the tissue. 3. The glycopeptides derived from 3H-labeled fibronectin showed the lectin-binding characteristics similar to those from unlabeled placenta fibronectin, but different from those of plasma fibronectin.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1988

Hepatic lesions induced by graft-versus-host reaction across MHC class II antigens: an implication for animal model of primary biliary cirrhosis.

To induce graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR), C57B1/6 (B6) spleen cells were injected into (B6 x bm1)F1, (B6 x bm12)F1, and (bm1 x bm12)F1 mice. Since the strains bm1 and bm12 are mutant at the H-2Kb and I-Ab regions of major histocompatibility complex (MHC), respectively, we can assess MHC class I- or class II-different GVHR. As reported earlier, immunological perturbations assessed by the number of immunoglobulin-producing cells and immune complex deposition in renal glomeruli were demonstrated in MHC class II-different GVHR. A conspicuous finding in this report is that epithelioid granuloma formation was observed in the portal area and around the central vein of liver of (B6 x bm12)F1 mice injected with B6 spleen cells. The epithelioid granuloma formation was not observed in (B6 x bm1)F1 nor (bm1 x bm12)F1 recipient mice. Degenerative changes resembling chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis in primary biliary cirrhosis were also observed in the bile duct epithelium in (B6 x bm12)F1 and (bm1 x bm12)F1 mice. These lesions were already obvious at the 2 week postinjection of donor cells and were continuously observed up to 10 weeks when immunological perturbations subsided. Thus, class II-disparate GVHR in this experimental system might provide a novel animal model of protracted disease, primary biliary cirrhosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Clinical evaluation of transcatheter arterial embolization and one-shot chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The therapeutic effect and the prognosis of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and one-shot chemotherapy were studied in 90 cases of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A therapeutic effect, which was assessed by the serum concentration of alpha-fetoprotein, angiography, computed tomography and ultrasonography, was seen in 33 (83%) out of 40 cases treated with TAE, and in 16 (32%) out of 50 cases treated with one-shot chemotherapy. In the cases that received TAE, the cumulative percentage survival rates at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months were 75%, 48% and 20%, respectively. In contrast, the survival rates in the cases that received one-shot chemotherapy were 30%, 10% and 2%, respectively. In addition, the prognosis on the basis of the degree of tumor invasion of the portal vein was studied. In cases with the same degree of tumor invasion, the survival rate of the cases treated with TAE was significantly higher than that of those treated with one-shot chemo-therapy, except for those cases with tumor invasion of the main portal vein. These results show that TAE should be performed as the therapy of first choice in unresectable cases of HCC.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1987

Studies on transmission of human non-A, non-B hepatitis to marmosets.

Two sera obtained from four healthy blood donors, which caused non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis in two recipients, were experimentally inoculated into nine marmosets. Three of seven marmosets developed acute hepatitis characterized by the elevation of serum concentrations of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and/or isocitric dehydrogenase (ICD) 8-11 weeks after inoculation. Four of seven showed histopathological changes of acute hepatitis in liver biopsy specimens during the biochemically acute phase. In electron microscopic examination, attached membrane-like structures, which consisted of two-unit membranes of two neighboring endoplasmic reticula with electron-dense material between them, were noted in cytoplasm of hepatocytes during the acute phase of hepatitis. Furthermore, acute-phase sera obtained from two animals were inoculated into four additional marmosets, and non-A, non-B hepatitis was successfully passaged in two of them. The results of this study indicate that certain species of marmoset monkeys are susceptible to human non-A, non-B hepatitis agents and provide a useful animal model for non-A, non-B hepatitis.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1987

The reactivity of alpha-1-antitrypsin with Lens culinaris agglutinin and its usefulness in the diagnosis of neoplastic diseases of the liver.

The reactivity of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) with Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) was studied by crossed immuno-affinity electrophoresis of the sera of 246 subjects from 6 groups (acute virus hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), carcinoma metastatic to the liver and normal controls). Two species of AAT (LCA-reactive and -nonreactive species) were detected on crossed immuno-affinity electrophoresis in a gel containing LCA. The percentages of LCA-reactive species of AAT in neoplastic diseases of the liver were significantly higher than those in benign liver diseases and normal controls. There was no correlation between the percentage of LCA-reactive species of AAT and serum AAT concentration in any group. Furthermore, in studying 15 pairs of serum samples before and after the subsequent development of HCC, the percentage of LCA-reactive species of AAT after HCC occurrence was significantly higher than that before, although there was no statistically significant difference between the serum AAT concentration before and after development of the disease. The latter 15 patients were all of the normal protease inhibitor phenotype (PiMM) and no change in phenotype was observed before and after the development of HCC. The results indicate that measurement of the reactivity of AAT with LCA can be a useful marker for the diagnosis of HCC and carcinoma metastatic to the liver, especially when serum concentrations of alpha-foetoprotein or other tumour markers are within the normal ranges.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1987

Close topographical relationship in alpha foetoprotein (AFP) between a lens culinaris binding glycan and the epitope recognized by AFP-reactive monoclonal antibody, 18H4.

Monoclonal antibodies 18H4 and 19F12 against alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) were examined by enzyme immunoassay for binding to two forms of AFP that were separated on the basis of the reactivity with lentil lectin (LCA). LCA-binding and LCA non-binding AFP, coated on a solid phase, reacted with 18H4 but reactivity with the LCA-binding species was inhibited by 60% following pretreatment of the AFP with LCA. The lectin was a very poor inhibitor of binding of 18H4 to the AFP which did not interact with LCA. In an alternative binding assay, a polyclonal anti-AFP coated solid phase was reacted with beta-galactosidase-labelled 18H4. Pre-treatment with LCA of the LCA-reactive AFP gave 56% inhibition of binding of conjugated 18H4 while little inhibition was achieved with the LCA-nonreactive AFP component. These findings show that the epitope recognised by 18H4 is distinct from the glycan sequence that is reactive with LCA. However, the LCA-binding oligosaccharides occur in close proximity to the 18H4 epitope in the native AFP.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Ultrastructural findings on polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltration and acute hepatocellular damage in alcoholic hepatitis.

Ultrastructural examination was carried out in 13 liver biopsies from patients with alcoholic hepatitis, with special reference to the relationship between alcoholic hyaline (AH)-containing hepatocytes and inflammatory cell infiltration. In as many as one third of the cases, polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) migration into the cytoplasm of AH-containing hepatocytes was noted. The migrating PMNs often had discontinuous cell membranes and their primary and secondary granules were demonstrated to be released into the liver cell cytoplasm. Finally, migrating PMNs appeared collapsed and dying. These PMNs appeared to gather around AH, presumably due to the strong chemoattractive action of AH. The hepatocytes invaded by PMNs revealed various degrees of degeneration and cell necrosis. Occasionally, some lymphocytes infiltrated into hepatocytes and had a direct contact with AH. However, the occurrence of lymphocyte migration was much less than that of PMNs. Kupffer cells were also intermingled with these PMNs and often possessed AH in degraded forms in their phagosomes or phagolysosomes. Based on these results, it is postulated that acute hepatocellular damage in patients with alcoholic hepatitis might be caused by this peculiar type of degranulation and collapse of migrating PMNs against AH-containing hepatocytes in addition to the various causes previously studied.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1987

Cross sectional echocardiographic assessment of great artery diameters in infants and children.

The pulmonary trunk and aortic root were measured on cross sectional echocardiograms in 173 normal subjects aged from one day to 15 years. Fifteen neonates were reexamined 3-6 days later. The great vessels were visualised in the parasternal long axis and short axis views. All measurements were made in end diastole and end systole by the leading edge method. The internal diameter (inner surface to inner surface) of the pulmonary trunk was also measured. The diameters of the great vessels correlated best with the square root of body surface area. Individual variability in cardiac growth gave a wide scatter of normal values. This was controlled for by calculating the ratio of the pulmonary trunk to aortic root for each subject. This ratio showed little individual variability and, except for the neonatal period, was remarkably constant throughout infancy and childhood (1.06 (0.06)). In the first 24 hours of life the ratio of the pulmonary trunk to the aortic root was significantly larger (1.29 (0.12)) but within one week it decreased to the "normal" ratio found in the older age groups. These normal data should be useful in assessing patients with congenital heart disease, particularly those in whom pulmonary blood flow is abnormal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Coronary artery involvement in Kawasaki syndrome in Manhattan, New York: risk factors and role of aspirin.

Since January 1980, 110 children having 113 attacks of Kawasaki syndrome were studied. Age at onset was 7 weeks to 12 years (mean 3 6/12 years, median 2 9/12 years); 77% were younger than 5 years of age; the male to female ratio was 1.8; racial distribution was 52% white, 19% black, 14% Hispanic, and 16% Asian. Protocol of management consisted of high-dose aspirin (100 mg/kg/d) until afebrile, and then 81 mg every day until free of coronary aneurysm. Two-dimensional echocardiograms were done weekly during the acute stage, at 2 and 6 months after onset, and yearly if a coronary abnormality was detected. At 1 month, 51 coronary arterial abnormalities were present in 25 patients. Risk factors for a coronary abnormality were duration of fever greater than or equal to 2 weeks, level of platelet count, marked elevation of ESR, and age younger than 5 years. No statistically significant difference in incidence of aneurysms was detected between patients on high-dose aspirin and those on medium-or low-dose aspirin.

Aspirin↗