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Biomedical subjects

F Ibrahim

Publications and source records attributed to F Ibrahim.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Isolation and characterization of a new simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 from naturally infected celebes macaques (Macaca tonkeana): complete nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic relationship with the Australo-Melanesian human T-cell leukemia virus type 1.

A study of simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1) infection in a captive colony of 23 Macaca tonkeana macaques indicated that 17 animals had high human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) antibody titers. Genealogical analysis suggested mainly a mother-to-offspring transmission of this STLV-1. Three long-term T-cell lines, established from peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from three STLV-1-seropositive monkeys, produced HTLV-1 Gag and Env antigens and retroviral particles. The first complete nucleotide sequence of an STLV-1 (9,025 bp), obtained for one of these isolates, indicated an overall genetic organization similar to that of HTLV-1 but with a nucleotide variability for the structural genes ranging from 7.8 to 13.1% compared with the HTLV-1 ATK and STLV-1 PTM3 Asian prototypes. The Tax and Rex regulatory proteins were well conserved, while the pX region, known to encode new proteins in HTLV-1 (open reading frames I and II), was more divergent than that in the ATK strain. Furthermore, a fragment of 522 bp of the gp21 env gene from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNAs from five of the STLV-1-infected monkeys was sequenced. Phylogenetic trees constructed with the long terminal repeat and env (gp46 and gp21) regions demonstrated that this new STLV-1 occupies a unique position within the Asian STLV-1 and HTLV-1 isolates, being, by most analyses, related more to the Australo-Melanesian HTLV-1 topotype than to any other Asian STLV-1. These data raise new hypotheses on the possible interspecies viral transmission between monkeys carrying STLV-1 and early Australoid settlers, ancestors of the present day Australo-Melanesian inhabitants, during their migrations from the Southeast Asian land mass to the greater Australian continent.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Infection of rats with human T-cell leukemia virus type-I: susceptibility of inbred strains, antibody response and provirus location.

The susceptibilities of different strains of inbred rats to infection with the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) after inoculation of human HTLV-I producer cell lines were compared. The Fisher F344 and Brown Norway strains developed the highest antibody response to HTLV-I, while the Lewis and BB strains were low responders. Antibodies against the HTLV-I gag proteins, and env gp21 but not env gp46, were detected in Western blots with sera from HTLV-I-infected Fischer F344 and Brown Norway rats. These sera were inactive in an in vitro syncytium-formation inhibition test. The HTLV-I provirus was detected by polymerase chain reaction in all Fischer F344, and some Lewis and Brown Norway rats, but not in the BB, which lack CD8+ T lymphocytes. The most frequent locations of the HTLV-I provirus in the Fischer F344, Lewis and Brown Norway rats at 12 weeks after infection were the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and spinal cord. In a second experiment in Brown Norway rats, the provirus was again detected in the PBMC of rats at 12 weeks, but not at 22 weeks, and among the other organs tested at 22 weeks the sympathetic nerve ganglia were positive. It is concluded that HTLV-I infection occurs in adult rats, but is suppressed with time.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Human T cell lymphotropic virus: necessity for and feasibility of a vaccine.

Human T cell lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I/II) are endemic in certain areas of the world. They cause two life-threatening diseases, adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma and tropical spastic paraparesis. A vaccine is needed because in developing countries there are no other feasible preventive interventions against these diseases and in Western countries intravenous drug users at high risk for HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections and the health workers in contact with such populations must be protected. We have developed a rat model in which we observed variations of susceptibility to viral infection between inbred strains, the most susceptible being the Fischer F344, and the possibility of viral latency in the nervous system. We have prepared a recombinant adenovirus vector that expresses the HTLV-I envelope glycoprotein env in HeLa cells. A target human population in French Guyana, in which the prevalence rate reaches 5.6% in one ethnic group (Bonis), has been identified for possible intervention.

Disease Models, Animal↗
PubMed1994

Ureteric injuries during gynaecological surgery.

Thirty-two patients with 35 ureteric injuries encountered during gynaecological surgery are presented. Their mean age was 41 years. Eight ureteric injuries were recognized during surgery, the nature and sites of injury were diagnosed peroperatively using an illuminated size 5 F ureteric probe (Storz) passed through a cystoscope. Three ureteric injuries were diagnosed during convalescence as continuous drainage of urine or urinoma collection, while three patients developed total anuria due to ligation of both ureters. Eighteen patients presented with late urinary fistulae, being uretero-uterine in 8 and ureterovaginal in 10. The ureteric injury occurred during emergency Caesarean section in 15 patients, the indication for Caesarean section being obstructed prolonged labour in 70% of them. Twelve urinary fistulae followed hysterectomy. Intravenous urography, antegrade and retrograde ureterography were useful methods of locating the sites of the fistulae. Ureteroneocystostomy was performed in 18 patients, utilizing a Boari flap in 3 and a bladder psoas hitch in 2. Other methods of treatment are discussed. The mean follow-up was 3 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of a rapid technique for detecting the type A Streptococcus antigen (Test Pack Strep A)].

OBJECTIVE: To test a rapid technique of Antigen Detection (TAD) of Type A Betahemolitic Streptococci (BHSA) in Acute Tonsillitis (AT), comparing it with and using as a point of reference traditional Blood Agar Cultivation (BAC). Additionally, the use of Clinical Data as a method of supposed Diagnosis was studied. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SITE. Health Primary Care (Maspalomas Health Centre). PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS: 118 patients between the ages of 1 and 71 affected by AT. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: There was a proportion of 13.56% BHSA in the AT of our sample, with a Confidence Interval (CI) of 95% (7.38-19.74) using the BAC; and 17.80% with a CI of 95% (10.90-24.70) using the TAD. The following values were obtained for the TAD: Sensitivity (S) of 93.75%, Specificity (Sp) of 94.12%, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 71.43% and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 98.9%. Of the clinical variables studied, only the presence/absence of Exudate and Adenopathies were linked to the presence of BHSA in the Cultivations (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01 respectively); with, however, inconclusive S, Sp, PPV and PNV values. CONCLUSIONS: We found insufficient correlation between clinical findings and the presence of BHSA to consider it a valid method of supposed diagnosis. There was however a statistical link between the presence of Exudate and local Adenopathies, and a positive result in the cultivation. The TAD is shown to be a rapid method, easy to use, and highly reliable for the discovery of the presence of BHSA in AT.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Spectrophotometric determination of some MAO inhibitors using 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane and iodine monochloride.

Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods are described for the assay of three MAO inhibitors: isocarboxazid, tranylcypromine sulphate and iproniazid phosphate. The first method is based on the formation of a highly coloured stable radical anion between the drug as an n-donor and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as a pi-electron acceptor. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 0.2-3, 0.2-4 and 0.5-4 micrograms ml-1 for isocarboxazid, tranylcypromine sulphate and iproniazid phosphate, respectively. The second method involves the use of iodine monochloride (ICl) as an sigma-acceptor. It was found that ICl reacts quantitatively only with isocarboxazid and tranylcypromine sulphate; with iproniazid phosphate results were very poor. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 2-20 micrograms ml-1 for both drugs. The optimum experimental parameters for colour production in each case were determined. The percentage recoveries obtained were in accordance with those obtained by the official methods. The proposed methods are characterized by high sensitivity.

Chlorides↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of adhesive properties of two transdermal nitroglycerin controlled-release systems.

The adhesive properties of two transdermal nitroglycerin controlled-release systems, Transderm-Nitro (TDN) and Nitro-Dur (ND), were compared in 65 patients receiving treatment for angina pectoris. Patients applied transdermal patches of both systems daily (randomized as to side of body applied) for four weeks and maintained daily diaries recording number of angina attacks, additional nitroglycerin use, patch adhesion, and skin problems. A total of 1,702 TDN and 1,692 ND patches were applied, of which six (0.4%) TDN and 83 (4.9%) ND fell off. An additional 4.8% of TDN patches and 16.2% of ND patches adhered only partially. Problems at site of application, such as itching, rash, or redness, were reported with both patches but were far more frequent with ND than with TDN. Patients preferred TDN (86.2%) over ND (9.2%).

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1984

Prostaglandin E1 for alleviating symptoms of ergot intoxication: a case report.

A woman was admitted after ergotamine tartrate overuse for migraine headaches and her symptoms of arterial vasospasm were treated with PGE1, the first reported use of the vasodilator for ergot intoxication. The advantages of producing local vasodilatation without systemic effect, as well as inhibiting the formation of arterial microthrombi, suggest PGE1 as the agent of choice for relief of symptoms due to peripheral vasoconstriction caused by ergot. Treatment with PGE1 may allow sufficient collateral to preserve limb function and integrity, while awaiting remission of anatomic changes after withdrawal of ergot.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Bladder calculi formation following herniotomy].

In a 45-year-old man no disturbance of the flowing off from the urinary bladder could be proved which had given rise to the formation of concrements. Renal calculi were not present anamnestically and radiologically. The case in question is a secondary vesicular calculus which had as cristallisation nucleus a perlon thread apparently from the formerly performed herniotomy which had been led through the wall of the bladder.

Hernia, Inguinal↗
PubMed1975

Transmyocardial left-to-right shunt complicating acute inferior wall myocardial infarction after aortocoronary bypass.

A 61-year-old woman suffered an inferior wall myocardial infarction on the third day following aortocoronary bypass surgery. Her condition subsequently deteriorated and she was not responsive to vigorous conventional therapy. On the twenty-first postoperative day, selective coronary arteriography revealed a patent circumflex bypass graft and an occluded right coronary artery bypass graft. Left ventricular injection showed slight dilation of the ventricle and a reduced ejection fraction. A dissection from the left ventricular cavity into the myocardium, across the septum near the apex of the left ventricle with rupture into the right ventricle, was seen functioning as a left-to-right shunt with a step-up in oxygen saturation at that level. This was corrected by operation on the twenty-ninth postoperative day and, 9 months after operation, the patient remains asymptomatic and has normal exercise tolerance.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Barrett's oesophagus and Helicobacter pylori.

In order to demonstrate the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the metaplastic epithelium of Barrett's oesophagus and to evaluate its possible association with this entity, we examined 29 cases of Barrett's oesophagus where concomitant antral biopsies were also available. These cases were compared with an equal number of age and sex matched controls of uncomplicated reflux oesophagitis. H. pylori was present in 11 of 29 cases of Barrett's oesophagus (38%). No increase in the frequency of H. pylori antral gastritis was found in patients of Barrett's oesophagus compared to the control group of uncomplicated reflux oesophagitis. The positivity of Barrett's oesophagus for H. pylori correlated with the presence of H. pylori antral gastritis (P < 0.05), although in two cases of H. pylori-positive Barrett's oesophagus antral biopsies were negative for H. pylori. No difference was found in the severity of inflammatory and dysplastic changes of H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative Barrett's oesophagus. Presence of H. pylori does not seem to alter the natural history of Barrett's oesophagus.

Adult↗