Biomedical subjects

F I Grunder

Publications and source records attributed to F I Grunder.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1983

Study of an analytical method for hexavalent chromium.

The diphenylcarbazide colorimetric method was evaluated by analyzing spiked PVC filters prepared by an AIHA-accredited consultant laboratory for chromium (VI). All seven participating laboratories received the samples and performed the analyses at the same time. Three laboratories simultaneously tested three alternative analytical procedures. Reduced amounts of chromium (VI) were found by both the consultant and participating laboratories when using the test procedure and one of the alternative methods. Two of the alternative analytical methods, both of which involve an alkaline extraction procedure, provided higher recoveries and more precise values for the test filters. It appears that the alkaline extraction procedure may be more appropriate for occupational health samples taken in steel industry environments which may include several interferents. Suggestions are made for further studies to determine the most appropriate analytical method.

Chromium↗

PubMed1982

Blood as a matrix for biological monitoring.

Traditionally, air sampling and analyses have been used to determine a worker's exposure to various airborne contaminants. Airborne Threshold Limit Values and permissible exposure levels have been developed for many contaminants. In certain situations, however, measurements of airborne concentrations are not always a reliable index of employee exposure. The determination of a chemical agent or its metabolite in a biological medium such as blood may provide more accurate information on exposure and the effects of exposure to hazardous substances. Perhaps the most common application for biological monitoring has been the determination of lead in blood. Analytical techniques have been developed for an additional parameter, zinc protoporphyrin, which, together with the blood-lead level, can give a more complete picture of lead absorption and metabolism. Information on blood-lead and zinc protoporphyrin monitoring as well as the relationship between the two parameters for a particular industry are discussed.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗

PubMed1979

Evaluation of zinc protoporphyrin in an occupational environment.

Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnP) has been identified by several investigators as the predominant fluorescent porphyrin accumulating in erythrocytes as a result of chronic lead absorption or iron deficiency anemia. This report describes an evaluation of a new portable hematofluorometer for the determination of ZnP in finer puncture or venous blood samples. Samples were obtained from a number of employees in various job categories at steel operations throughout the United States to study the utility of ZnP as a biologic monitoring method in the occupational environment. Urinary lead, urinary aminolevulinic acid and blood lead were also determined on the same employees to examine any relationships among these measurers and to estimate a biologic threshold limit value for ZnP. The results of this investigation show that there is little elevation of the ZnP level with increasing blood level until the blood lead concentration reaches the area of 50--60 micrograms/dl. A biologic threshold level of 300 micrograms/dL, which correlates with a blood level of 60 micrograms/dL, is suggested as a guideline value for identifying workers requiring further investigation.

Aminolevulinic Acid↗

PubMed1978

Hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry for determination of arsenic in hair.

A modified hydride generation, atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) method for the analysis of total arsenic in hair has been developed to evaluate occupational exposures to arsenic. Hair samples are processed by a multi-step cleaning procedure to remove all external arsenic contamination prior to digestion in a nitric-sulfuric acid mixture. The resulting solution is diluted to volume with distilled water and subsequently analyzed by arsine generation and AAS using an argon-hydrogen entrained air flame. Recovery data indicate that the method is quantitative for the determination of arsenic with a recovery of over 90% and a detection limit of 0.02 microgram.

Arsenic↗

PubMed1976