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Biomedical subjects

F Huet

Publications and source records attributed to F Huet.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Esophageal dilatation in pediatrics: study of 33 patients].

BACKGROUND: Esophageal dilatation is usually regarded as an effective therapy in a majority of esophageal stenosis in childhood. However, the limited number of pediatric data does not allow definite conclusions on indications and complications of such a procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The files of 33 children whose esophageal stenosis had been treated by dilatation by the same operator between 1983 and 1992 were retrospectively reviewed. The structure mechanisms were: group 1: repair of esophageal atresia (n = 9), group 2: caustic esophagitis (n = 6), group 3: peptic esophagitis (n = 12), group 4: unclassified structures (congenital esophageal stenosis, achalasia) (n = 6). The dilatations were performed under general anesthesia, and the dilatator guide was introduced under endoscopic control. Two methods were used: Savary esophageal bougies and balloon dilatation. A thoracic X-ray was systematically performed after each dilatation. RESULTS: One hundred and fourteen dilatations (3.5 dilatations/child) were performed (range: 1-32 dilatations). Twenty-five of the 33 children (76%) were dramatically improved after mechanical dilatation. Esophageal dilatation was unsuccessful in the eight other patients, seven of them requiring a surgical repair. Complications occurred in 3.4% of the dilatations: one esophageal perforation, one pneumomediastinum and two cardiac arrests (one of vagal origin and 1 after accidental extubation). All patients survived. Efficacy, duration of dilatation and complication rates were not similar in the four groups. CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal dilatation should be considered as a simple and effective procedure when strict security rules are respected by a trained operator.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Use of peritoneal dialysis, continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration, and continuous arteriovenous hemodiafiltration for removal of ammonium chloride and glutamine in rabbits.

OBJECTIVE: We compared the ability of peritoneal dialysis, hemofiltration, and continuous hemodiafiltration to remove infused ammonium chloride. STUDY DESIGN: Anesthetized adult rabbits received an intravenous infusion of ammonium chloride. Two methods of removal of ammonium chloride were performed in each animal and compared. In group 1 (n = 6), peritoneal dialysis (dialysate = 75 ml.kg-1) and continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) with a polysulfone 800 cm2 hemofilter (Minifilter Plus; Amicon Division, W. R. Grace & Co., Danvers, Mass.) were simultaneously performed for 40 minutes. In group 2 (n = 6), peritoneal dialysis and continuous arteriovenous hemodiafiltration (CAVHD) (dialysate flow = 1000 ml.hr-1) were simultaneous performed for 40 minutes. In group 3 (n = 6), CAVH and CAVHD were performed successively in random order for 30 minutes each. RESULTS: Animals had high and stable ammonium chloride and glutamine plasma levels during the experimental procedure. No significant difference in ammonium chloride clearance was observed between PD and CAVH (group 1). In comparison with PD or CAVH, CAVHD resulted in significantly higher clearances of ammonium chloride (40% +/- 10% vs 96% +/- 34%, respectively) and of glutamine (195% +/- 17% vs 77% +/- 25%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The overall results indicate that CAVHD should be considered for hyperammonemia when peritoneal dialysis is indicated but unfeasible or inefficient.

Ammonium Chloride↗
PubMed1995

Sequential gene activation by ecdysone in Drosophila melanogaster: the hierarchical equivalence of early and early late genes.

Ecdysteroids are key regulators of insect development. In Drosophila melanogaster the late larval response to ecdysone is characterised by a precise sequential activation of members of the superfamily of nuclear receptors (DHR3, DHR39, EcR, E75, E78, FTZ-F1, usp). Many of these genes are localised in the polytene chromosome puffs of the salivary gland previously classified as intermoult, early or early-late puff loci. Ashburner et al. (Ashburner, M., Chihara, C., Meltzer, P. and Richards, G. (1974) Cold Spring Harbour Symp. Quant. Biol. 38, 655-662) proposed a formal model describing interactions between ecdysone, its receptor and the early and late puffs during this ecdysone response. To integrate transcripts from the intermoult and early-late puffs into this model, we have used a micro RT-PCR assay to study their hormonal regulation using salivary gland culture protocols first used in the puffing analyses. We show that transcripts from certain early-late puffs are induced in parallel with the early transcripts and are thus hierarchically equivalent. In vivo the profile of the increase in hormone titre, the sensitivity of different promoters to hormone and the rate of transcript accumulation must contribute to the temporal differences in expression observed between these two classes.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Is there a role for cervicography in the detection of premalignant lesions of the cervix uteri?

The characteristics of cervicography and the Papanicolaou smear test have been compared for the detection of cervix lesions classified as CIN I or more. A total of 4,015 women were entered into the study. The sensitivity of cervicography is significantly higher (McNemar test, P < 0.0001), but its specificity remains significantly lower (McNemar test, P < 0.0001), and its higher sensitivity does not apply to lesions classified as CIN II or more (high-grade lesions). Hence, if patients with a positive screen result are to be referred for colposcopy-biopsy, cervicography is not a suitable alternative to the smear test for the screening of cervical cancer. However, cervicography can be envisaged as a complementary tool to the smear test because of (a) its higher capability to detect high-grade lesions among women less than 35 years old and (b) its potential superiority in following low-grade lesions. It may also serve as a tool for quality assurance audit of the smear test.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Urea removal by hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration.

Continuous hemofiltration is usually regarded as a safe method for controlling fluid overload in neonates presenting acute renal failure. We considered that continuous hemodiafiltration with a hemofilter type especially designed for use in the neonatal period could improve urea removal as compared with hemofiltration. Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) and hemodiafiltration (CAVHD) were consecutively performed on 7 anesthetized adult rabbits which were given an urea infusion. The hemofilter was a 800-cm2 polysulfone model (Amicon Minifilter Plus). Mean values for physiological and operational parameters were comparable during CAVH and CAVHD, i.e., mean blood pressure (69.6 +/- 14.9 and 70 +/- 13.1 mm Hg, respectively), arterial oncotic pressure (16.0 +/- 2.4 and 16.0 +/- 1.7 mm Hg), hematocrit (36.2 +/- 5.8 and 36.7 +/- 4.4%), protein plasma level (38.9 +/- 7.0 and 39.0 +/- 6.4 g/l), urea plasma level (20.6 +/- 6.5 and 19.9 +/- 7.0 mmol/l), plasma flow in the hemofilter (7.89 +/- 8.48 and 7.12 +/- 3.08 ml/min), and ultrafiltrate rate (1.17 +/- 0.49 and 1.73 +/- 0.78 ml/min). CAVHD allowed a significant increase in urea clearance (4.74 +/- 4.51 ml/min) as compared with CAVH (1.23 +/- 0.81 ml/min). These experimental results suggest that CAVHD usefulness should be assessed in neonates presenting acute renal failure.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Puffs and PCR: the in vivo dynamics of early gene expression during ecdysone responses in Drosophila.

The steroid hormone ecdysone orchestrates insect development by regulating gene networks. In Drosophila the most detailed description of ecdysone action is the sequential activation of early and late puffs in the polytene chromosomes of the late larval salivary gland. A number of these early puffs (2B5, 74EF and 75B) contain complex transcription units (Broad-Complex, E74 and E75 respectively) encoding families of regulatory proteins which are expressed in most if not all tissues. In vitro, transcripts of the different isoforms of these early genes as well as the ecdysone receptor (EcR) present varying dose response characteristics (Karim and Thummel, 1992, EMBO J. 11, 4083-4093). We have developed an in vivo approach using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR) so as to visualise these transcripts in the RNA extracted from a single salivary gland. Using one salivary gland lobe for developmental puff staging and the sister lobe for RT-PCR, we have obtained precise developmental profiles for these transcripts and have extended our study to other tissues and stages where puffing studies were not possible. In the salivary gland we have characterised three distinct ecdysone responses. For the mid and late third larval instar responses our results confirm and extend the conclusions of the in vitro studies concerning the temporal expression of the early gene isoforms. The relatively brief prepupal response contains elements in common with each of the larval responses and all three can be explained by the profiles of the respective ecdysone peaks. Interestingly EcR transcripts respond differently during each response. The analysis of different tissues of the same animal reveals subtle differences in the timing of the ecdysone response and isoform expression and suggests that this may reflect tissue differences in the ecdysone profiles. As these molecules have homologues in vertebrates, our analysis may have general implications for the organisation of hormonal responses in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Prenatal treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. 9 treated pregnancies].

Prenatal treatment based on administration of dexamethasone to the mother during pregnancy was initiated early during nine pregnancies with a high risk of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. The purpose of this treatment was to prevent fetal virilization by reducing production of androgens by the adrenal glands. Prenatal diagnosis was achieved by comparing amniotic fluid cell HLA genotypes and more recently by subjecting trophoblasts to molecular genetic studies. Together with prenatal determination of fetal sex, this allowed to determine that only two female fetuses were affected. Efficacy of continued prenatal treatment in these two cases was good in one case and mediocre in the other. The treatment was well tolerated by the mothers and fetuses.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed1993

[Discovery, in neonatal screening, of 2 families carrying a syndrome of generalized resistance to thyroid hormones].

The syndrome of generalized resistance to thyroid hormones is being increasingly diagnosed, albeit often belatedly. In the two families described herein the diagnosis was established when moderately elevated thyrotropin levels were found upon neonatal screening of a family member. The family studies identified other affected members with a pattern indicating autosomal dominant inheritance. Clinical and laboratory findings in the neonates were consistent with normal thyroid function and no treatment was given. In one neonate, fibroblast nuclear receptor studies failed to detect decreased affinity for triiodothyronine, a finding reported in most previously published cases; the mutation in this patient was different from the one described in 1989 by Sakurai et al., consistent with the known genetic heterogeneity of this syndrome. It has been suggested recently that treatment of affected neonates with large doses of thyroid hormones is safe and effective in ensuring normal growth. The neurodevelopmental effects of this treatment are unknown. Early treatment is possible when the syndrome is detected neonatally. We therefore advocate routine T4 assays in neonates with moderately elevated TSH levels.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synthesis of cis-disubstituted cyclobutenyl nucleoside analogues.

cis-Disubstituted cyclobutene nucleosides analogues were prepared by a linear synthesis starting from cis-cyclobutene dicarboxylic anhydride. This strategy involved mild reaction conditions with intent to restrict the thermal electrocyclic ring opening into (Z,E)-dienes.

Alkenes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Association of Marfan's syndrome and Turner's syndrome.

We report on a 12 year-old girl with severe myopia, ectopia lentis, dilatation of the ascending aorta, protrusio acetabulae, arachnodactyly, scoliosis and moderate short stature (-1.7 SD). Her sister and father presented with Marfan's syndrome. Despite short stature, Marfan's syndrome could not be ruled out. Primary amenorrhoea and growth retardation indicated cytogenetic analysis which showed chromosomal aberration 45,X in every studied cell. However, she did not present any other clinical features of Turner's syndrome. We report here for the first time on an association of Turner's syndrome and Marfan's syndrome in the same patient, and discuss particular clinical features.

Adolescent↗