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Biomedical subjects

F Huber

Publications and source records attributed to F Huber.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Rehabilitation of the injured athlete.

The authors have presented basic guidelines and considerations for rehabilitation of the injured athlete. The use of various physical agents and therapeutic exercise in the rehabilitation of the injured athlete has been discussed. Clinical pathways for improving range of motion and muscle function and eliminating functional limitations and disability have also been presented. It should be remembered that rehabilitation of the injured athlete at any point in time may focus on any one or combination of these areas. The ultimate goal for rehabilitation of injured athletes is to return them to their prior level of sports activity. Athletes should be discharged from rehabilitation when they have achieved this goal or when no further improvement in their level of function can be expected. Individuals unable to return to their prior level of activity should be provided with alternate activities that they can continue to participate in to maintain an active lifestyle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Nervous control of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in Locusta migratoria.

In Locusta migratoria migratorioides R. and F., two types of brain neurons innervate the juvenile hormone (JH)-producing corpora allata (CA). Thirteen cells in each pars lateralis (PL) innervate the ipsilateral CA, while four cells (two in each PL) innervate both glands. We investigated possible influences of these two neuronal types on JH production by a newly developed method. A radiochemical assay was used to measure hourly JH production by a CA with intact nerve connections to the brain. Then, changes in hormone production due to selective nerve stimulation or transection were assessed. In control preparations JH production per h remained approximately constant for at least 9 h. Simultaneous electrical stimulation of all neurons innervating one CA (i.e., 13 ipsilateral plus 4 bilaterally innervating cells) always inhibited JH production, while their transection led to a rapid progressive increase in JH biosynthesis in CA from females with oocytes longer than 4.5 mm. Thus, there is strong neurally mediated inhibition of the CA at certain phases of the vitellogenic cycle. The dramatic effects of nerve transection show that in vitro rates of JH production are an unreliable indicator of in vivo levels. Selective stimulation of the four neurons innervating both CA suggests that they do modulate JH biosynthesis but the effect varies qualitatively depending on the phase of the vitellogenic cycle.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

An excitatory muscarinic response in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and its modulation by sympathetic innervation.

Previously, we demonstrated that low concentrations of acetylcholine (< or = 10(-9) M) increased automaticity in neonatal but not in adult rat ventricular myocardium. In the present study, we used cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes grown alone or in the presence of dissociated sympathetic neurons as an experimental model to study the ontogeny of the muscarinic response. McN A343 (< or = 10(-9) M), an M1 selective agonist, increased spontaneous rate from 51 +/- 4 to 56 +/- 5 beats per minute (bpm), and this excitatory response was blocked by 10(-9) M pirenzepine, an M1 selective antagonist, but not by the M2 selective antagonist AFDX-116, nor by the alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist prazosin and the beta adrenergic antagonist propranolol (all 10(-7) M) In innervated myocytes, McN A343 also increased rate from 48 +/- 6 to 55 +/- 6 bpm. However, this effect was blocked by either 10(-9) M pirenzepine or 10(-7) M propranolol. After pretreatment with 10 ng/ml of pertussis toxin, the McN A343-induced excitatory response in non-innervated myocytes was absent, thus suggesting that this response involved a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein dependent pathway. McN A343 failed to stimulate inositol phosphate or cAMP accumulation in non-innervated myocytes. These results demonstrate the following. (1) The muscarinic excitatory response is mediated via direct stimulation of a post-synaptic M1 receptor in non-innervated myocytes. (2) The excitatory response after innervation is related to the release of catecholamines, possibly through activation of muscarinic receptors located at the pre-synaptic sympathetic nerve terminals. (3) Sympathetic innervation prevents the functional expression of the post-synaptic myocardial M1 receptor. (4) The intracellular pathway for the post-synaptic M1 excitatory response involves a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein, but does not depend on obvious changes in cAMP or phosphoinositide hydrolysis.

(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethy↗
PubMed1994

Neurons projecting from the brain to the corpora allata in orthopteroid insects: anatomy and physiology.

Retrograde and orthograde labeling of neurons projecting to the corpus allatum was performed in locust, grasshopper, cricket, and cockroach species in order to identify brain neurons that may be involved in the regulation of juvenile hormone production. In the acridid grasshopper Gomphocerus rufus L., and the locusts Locusta migratoria (R.&F.) and Schistocerca gregaria Forskal, the corpora allata are innervated by two morphologically distinguishable types of brain neurons. One group of 9-13 neurons (depending on species) with somata in the pars lateralis extend axons via the nervus corporis cardiaci 2 and nervus corporis allati 1 to the ipsilateral corpus allatum, whereas two cells in each pars lateralis have bilateral projections and innervate both glands. No direct connection between the pars intercerebralis and corpus allatum has been found. In contrast, neurons with paired axons innervating both glands are not present in Periplaneta americana (L.) and Gryllus bimaculatus de Geer. Instead, two cells in each pars lateralis project only to the gland contralateral to their somata. Electrophysiological experiments on acridid grasshoppers have confirmed the existence of a direct conduction pathway between the two glands via the paired axons of four cells that have been identified by neuroanatomy. These cells are not spontaneously active under experimental conditions. Ongoing discharges in the left and right nerves are unrelated, suggesting that the corpora allata receive independent neuronal inputs from the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

FUNCTION OF THE TENSOR MUSCLE IN THE CICADA TIBICEN LINNEI

The calling song and the disturbance squawk of the cicada Tibicen linnei (Insecta: Homoptera) are described in terms of their physical parameters. The calling song is composed of quiet parts, which are very similar to the disturbance squawk, and loud parts, which are amplitude- and rate-modulated. The role of the tensor muscle acting on the tymbal frame in modulating the sound pulse amplitude was investigated. We demonstrate by tensor nerve recordings, by mechanical mimicking of the tensor muscle action and by electrical stimulation of the tensor nerve, that the contraction of the tensor muscle is responsible for (a) initiating sound production and (b) modulating the sound pulse amplitude. These results allow us to construct a model which suggests that the tensor shifts the tymbal into a mechanical working range that enables sound production and modulation of the sound pulse amplitude.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

AUDITORY THRESHOLD CHANGE IN SINGING CICADAS

The hearing sensitivity in singing cicadas is reduced during sound production by a folding of the tympanal membranes. Using electrophysiological recording and nerve stimulation techniques, we have shown an effect of the folded tympanum on the auditory threshold of two species of cicadas, Tibicen linnei and Okanagana rimosa. Auditory thresholds of both species increased by about 20 dB when the tympana folded during singing. In T. linnei the increase in threshold affected the whole frequency range, from 1 to 16 kHz, in a similar way. Electrical stimulation of one or both auditory nerves resulted in a folding of both tympanal membranes in a way very similar to that seen in singing animals. We have demonstrated that a cicada male is able to adjust its auditory threshold within a range of about 20 dB by the tympanal folding mechanism.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

[Rehabilitation of the geriatric patient].

As the twentieth century draws to a close, people in the western industrialized countries have a longer life expectancy. As more people live longer, the proportion of the population that is handicapped and susceptible to chronic diseases is also increasing. Geriatrics has become an accepted medical specialty concerned with the very old. It seeks, through general and targeted measures, to enhance the lives of these handicapped people and enable them to be more independent. This is best done in a modern geriatric clinic with an attached day-care clinic. Only when an experienced multidisciplinary team basing its work on careful geriatric assessment determines the rehabilitation goal, evaluates the potential, and implements a definite programme can the maximum success be anticipated. Specialized orthopaedic-geriatric units working together can achieve the most satisfactory results for effective rehabilitation of elderly patients after orthopaedic surgery.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1993

[Unusual intestinal manifestations of tuberculosis].

In an 87-year-old Swiss female referred with complaints of bloody diarrhea and weight loss, colonoscopy revealed three ulcers in the rectum and colon. Cultures from the colonic ulcers were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. There was no evidence of pulmonary infection. One week after adequate therapy was begun, a perforation occurred at the rectosigmoid junction. The sigmoid was resected and left-sided colostomy was performed. Seven days after surgery the patient died. Clinical features, diagnosis and morphological changes of intestinal tuberculosis are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Is cholecystectomy a risk factor for colorectal cancer? A meta-analysis].

The number of patients subjected to cholecystectomy has increased since the introduction of laparoscopic methods. Therefore, the question of an association between colorectal cancer (CR-Ca) and cholecystectomy (CHE) is again topical. Several studies have been performed investigating the possibility of a link between cholecystectomy and large bowel cancer. The findings recorded in these studies have been varied and in some cases contradictory. In meta-analyses of the different types of studies (prospective and retrospective) the main question, "Is the risk of colorectal cancer higher after cholecystectomy?" was examined. In prospective matched-pairs studies, 1158 patients who had undergone CHE were compared with 1222 controls. The relative risk (RR) was 1.48, and this result was not significant. The four prospective cohort studies compared the frequency of CR-Ca of 22,783 CHE patients with the expected frequency in the population (RR = 0.99). The retrospective studies compared the frequency of previous CHE in 11,797 patients with CR-Ca with the frequency in 33,940 controls without CR-Ca. The calculated odds ratio (O. R.) of the meta-analysis was 1.15, a significant but not clinically relevant increase in risk. Similar results was shown for evaluation of sex difference both in the prospective studies, with an RR of 0.99 for women and 1.00 for men, and in the retrospective studies, with a RR of 1.17 (p < 0.05) for women and 1.09 (n.s.) for men. The results for different location of the tumour show no significant risk differences in prospective studies either for the colon or for the rectum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cholecystectomy↗
PubMed1992

Regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate metabolism by guanine nucleotides in membranes of cultured newborn rat cardiomyocytes.

Membranes of cultured newborn rat cardiomyocytes contain enzymatic activities that regulate the formation and the breakdown of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (1,4,5-IP3). GTP gamma S increased the rate of exogenous [3H]phosphatidyl 4,5-bisphosphate ([3H]PIP2) hydrolysis (EC50: 40 microM). This effect was dependent on the presence of deoxycholate and maximal at 2 mM deoxycholate. GTP gamma S increased the efficacy of phospholipase C (PLC) (by 2.3-fold), but did not alter the apparent affinity of the enzyme for PIP2. Other nucleotides, GDP beta S and ATP gamma S, and pyrophosphate also stimulated PIP2 hydrolysis, while AlF4- was ineffective. The effect of GTP gamma S was not inhibited by GDP beta S. The agonists norepinephrine and thrombin, which by themselves had no effect, did not potentiate the response to GTP gamma S. In contrast, 1,4,5-IP3 hydrolysis was decreased by GTP gamma S (EC50: 100 microM) as well as by other nucleotides and by pyrophosphate, but not by AlF4-. GDP beta S did not antagonize the GTP gamma S-induced inhibition of IP3 hydrolysis. These results suggest that GTP can stimulate the hydrolysis of exogenous PIP2 by an action on membrane-bound PLC at a site beyond the G protein activating PLC and inhibit the hydrolysis of 1,4,5-IP3 by a mechanism common to all nucleotides. Thus, GTP can regulate 1,4,5-IP3 metabolism by stimulating its formation and inhibiting its breakdown.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1992

Efficacy of once-a-day intranasal administration of triamcinolone acetonide in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.

A 4-week, double-blind, parallel group study compared the safety and efficacy of once-a-day intranasal administration of triamcinolone acetonide (Nasacort) versus placebo in 304 patients (155 adult and 149 adolescent) with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Patients were randomized to receive triamcinolone acetonide (110, 220, or 440 microgram) or placebo once daily each morning. Daily rhinitis symptoms scores, weekly patient and physician global assessments, and weekly nasal eosinophil smears were obtained. In each triamcinolone acetonide group, significant (P less than .05) improvement over placebo was noted in the nasal index (sum of ratings for stuffiness, discharge, and sneezing) by week 1, the first point of analysis, and maintained throughout the study. Triamcinolone acetonide groups also demonstrated significant (P less than .05) improvement over placebo in all individual rhinitis symptoms evaluated. The greatest improvement in symptoms was observed at the 440 microgram dose. A significant decrease in eosinophil counts paralleled clinical improvement in all triamcinolone acetonide groups. Physicians and patients rated triamcinolone acetonide significantly (P less than .05) more effective than placebo. Responses of adult and adolescent patients were comparable. Adverse experiences, clinical laboratory values, and results of physical examinations were unremarkable and comparable between the triamcinolone acetonide and placebo groups. We conclude that triamcinolone acetonide is safe, well tolerated, and superior to placebo as a once-a-day treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1990

[Endoscopic neodymium YAG laser therapy of colorectal adenomas and cancers].

Endoscopic Nd:YAG laser therapy (lambda = 1.06 microns; 80-100 W) of colorectal neoplasia is indicated in: 1. Premalignant, sessile adenoma. After snare resection for histologic estimation of dignity laser ablation is curative when it is benign. 2. Obstructed colorectal cancer can be recanalized preoperatively to perform orthograde bowel lavage, total colonoscopy and elective primary tumour resection. 3. Inoperable colorectal cancer can be irradiated palliatively by the laser to arrest bleeding, to avoid obstruction and to reduce protein and electrolyte secretion.

Colonic Polyps↗
PubMed1990

Development of a high performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous measurement of prednisone and prednisolone.

An improved high performance liquid chromatographic assay (HPLC) is presented for the quantitative determination of prednisone and its main metabolite prednisolone. This HPLC assay, employing a UV-detector and dexamethasone as an internal standard, provides a selective and sensitive determination of glucocorticoids in plasma. The advantage of this method is the possibility of simultaneously measuring exogenic and endogenic glucocorticoids. The lower limit of quantification is 5 ng/ml.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1989

The primary structure of the hemoglobin of the electric eel (Electrophorus electricus).

The blood of the Electric Eel contains only one hemoglobin component. The primary structures of the alpha- and beta-chains are presented. These were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, using a new kind of buffer system. The alpha-chains are acetylated, and consist of 142 residues, while the beta-chains are not blocked, and consist of 147 residues. The phylogenetic distances between these and the alpha- and beta-chains of human hemoglobin are 48 and 50% amino-acid exchanges, respectively. The relationship between primary structure and the Bohr effect and Root effect is discussed, especially the significance of the serine found in position F9 beta.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

The primary structure of electric ray hemoglobin (Torpedo marmorata). Bohr effect and phosphate interaction.

The blood of the Electric Ray contains a number of hemoglobin components. The primary structures of the alpha- and beta-chains of the main components are presented. These chains were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography, using a new buffer system. The alpha-chains consist of 141 residues, and the beta-chains of 142 residues; both are unblocked. The phylogenetic distances from human alpha- and beta-chains are 55% and 64% amino-acid exchanges, respectively. The relationship between primary structure and the lack of both a Bohr effect and any effector affinity is discussed, and interpreted on a molecular level with reference to the sequence presented. For the Bohr effect, the mutation beta 89 Asp----Lys is significant, while the mutations beta 2 His----Ser, beta 82 Lys----Asn and beta 142 His----Cys are important for the lack of effector affinity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

[Endoscopic use of the neodymium YAG laser in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract].

Endoscopic neodymium-YAG laser therapy for the gastrointestinal tract has been proved since 1975. Mortality and time of convalescence of patients treated with laser for acute or potential bleeding lesions have been markedly reduced in contrast to surgery. Sessile neoplastic polyps can be removed endoscopically by laser. Laser recanalization of obstructed carcinoma or scars in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract to relieve dysphagia or ileus improves the patient's quality of life and has benefits for subsequent operations.

Colonic Polyps↗
PubMed1987

Palliative and pre-operative endoscopic neodymium-YAG laser treatment of colorectal carcinoma.

Using endoscopic neodymium-YAG laser application permits successful treatment of ulcerated bleeding cancer. Further, palliative, ablative laser irradiation of tumors in inoperable patients avoids obstruction. Pre-operative recanalization of obstructive colorectal cancer causing ileus or subileus permits pre-operative orthograde bowel lavage as well as total colonoscopy, thus converting emergency surgery with staged procedures or intra-operative colon lavage into normal elective primary resection with all preoperative diagnostic and treatment modalities.

Adult↗