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Biomedical subjects

F Haschke

Publications and source records attributed to F Haschke.

86 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Transient diabetes mellitus in a dystrophic newborn infant].

We report a female small for date neonate, who developed transient diabetes mellitus (TDN) five days after birth and required insulin therapy for five weeks. At the onset of the disease, plasma insulin concentration was extremely low. At four weeks of age, after insulin withdrawal, the patient was still hyperglycemic, and basal insulin values assayed over a period of 24 h were mostly inadequate. Glucagon secretion was not suppressed. Growth hormone levels were lower than those of three small for date infants of the same age. At three months of age, the patient was still intolerant to an oral glucose load, insulin secretion remained inadequate while glucagon paradoxically increased 30 min after glucose challenge. The oral glucose tolerance values were in the normal range at six months of age. We conclude that TDN is caused by a transitory defect of insulin secretion, which would also explain the glucagon response as a consequence of insulin deficiency. We found no evidence associating the insulin antagonists observed in our study with the pathogenesis of this illness.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1977

[Transcutaneous measurements of pO2 (ptcO2) in sick newborn babies (author's transl)].

PaO2 as well as transcutaneous pO2 (ptcO2) was measured simultaneously for 132 times in 34 sick newborns. PtcO2 data were obtained by the KONTRON 5300 Monitor, its electrode heated to 44 centigrades. The correlation coefficient "r" was rated at 0.98. The introduction of the ptcO2 method into routine clinical usage markedly enhanced efficiency and safety of oxygen treatment of sick newborns. However superficial burning of the skin at the measuring site might occur if the electrode is attached more than 6 hours.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

[Transient hypoaldosteronism. A case report].

We observed a 2-week old boy who developed a typical salt-losing syndrome. Urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion of 2.4 mg per day lead us to the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and the usual treatment with hydrocortisone, DOCA and NcCl orally was started. The 6-months old child will tolerate a reduction and subsequent withdrawal of hydrocortisone. Mineralcorticoid and NaCl treatment, however, is to be continued. Further studies clearly showed that in the 8 and 9-month-old child cortisol production could very well be stimulated by synthetic ACTH, but the base line plasma aldosterone was exceedingly low and stimulation by ACTH and salt depletion was impossible. Instant cortisol as well as aldosterone stimulation occurs not until the child is 14 months old. There is valid evidence for a defect in aldosterone biosynthesis, which may be caused by 18-hydroxylation or 18-dehydrogenation deficiency.

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction↗
PubMed1976

[Transcutaneous measurements of pO2 in newborns with RDS (author's transl)].

pO2 was measured transcutaneously (commercially available Clark Electrode, Bioelectronics Roche) with two different electrode temperatures in new born infants. The correlation between paO2 (arteria radialis) and ptcO2 was bad (r= 0,74) with electrode temperature of 42 degrees C. When the electrode was heated to 44 degrees C there was a very good correlation (r= 0,969) in 80 simultaneous measurements of paO2 (umbilical arterial catheter) and ptcO2. The mean values and standard deviations of pO2 values in hypoxic, normoxic and hyperoxic states are very similar: hypoxic: paO2 34,3 "/- 7,9, ptcO2 35,2 +/- 14,0, normoxic: paO2 78,7 +/- 14,3 ptcO2 78,8 +/- 16,7, hyperoxic: paO2 141,8 +/- 37,1, ptcO2 134,4 +/- 40,8 mmHg). The specific advantage of transcutaneous measurements is the trend registration for hours. With electrodes temperatures of 44 degrees C however, there is a risk of superficial burns if the electrode is attached to the identical site for 6 hours or more.

Electrodes↗
PubMed1976

[Fototherapy of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Results of its clinical application (author's transl)].

The application of fototherapy according to the indications listed by Maisels (1972, Abb. 1) has brought about a 67% reduction in exchange transfusions in comparison to the controll period proceeding this new regimen. This reduction of the need of exchange transfusions was especially striking in cases of hyperbilirubinemia of full term babies without blood group incompatibilities and in A B O incompatibilities with mild hemolysis. In typical Rh-incompatibility the number of repeat exchange transfusions diminished by 75%. The serum bilirubin levels of 206 consecutive low birth weight infants were prospectively investigated. 77 infants (37%) reached a serum bilirubin level of 10 mg% and were treated with fototherapy. Only 9,6% of these lowbirth weight infants had maximum serumbilirubin levels of 12 mg% or more and only 1,5% had levels of 15 mg% or more. Fototherapy reduces the risk of Kernikterus in Low birth weight babies to a minimum and it can reduce the risks and the costs of treatment for many icteric full term babies by reducing the number exchange transfusions needed. Inspite of its simplicity and effectiveness it has to be stressed that fototherapy should only be used under well defined indications and in a technically correct way.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iron supplementation in children after cardiopulmonary bypass for surgical repair of congenital heart disease.

A controlled study was carried out to evaluate the effects of postoperative iron therapy on iron status in anemic children after cardiopulmonary bypass. The patients were 8 boys and 9 girls (mean age 6.5 years) who underwent elective closure of atrial septal defect, secundum type. On postoperative day 9, patients were randomly assigned to either iron supplementation with iron sulfate 5 mg/kg until day 56 or to a control group. Hemoglobin, reticulocytes, transferrin saturation, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and ferritin were measured, the final outcome measure being postoperative iron status on day 56. The treatment group showed higher transferrin saturations (33.5% versus 18.0%), smaller decreases in ferritin level (+3.0 versus--13.7 ng/ml), and a lower incidence of depleted iron stores (0/8 versus 5/9) than the control group (all data: P < 0.05). Anemic children after cardiopulmonary bypass for surgical repair of congenital heart disease thus benefit from iron supplementation within the first postoperative weeks.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of sports on development of 10 and 11-year-old boys. I. Body composition, anthropometry and creatinine excretion].

We compared body composition (measured by total-body water determination), skinfolds, body circumferences and diameters and the muscle arm area of 10 to 11-year-old boys (n = 21) at the beginning and the end of a 9-months training period (track-and field athletics) with data obtained in 12 control subjects of corresponding ages. Urinary creatinine excretion was measured as a parameter of muscle mass at the end of the training period. Boys engaged in training gained (mean: + 2,6 kg) significantly less (p less than 0,05) weight than controls (mean: + 3,9 kg). Fat-free mass (FFM) as percentage of weight significantly increased in boys engaged in training (mean: + 1,8%; p less than 0,005) at the expense of fat whereas in controls (mean: + 0,6%; p: n.s.) there was no significant change. Decreasing skinfold thickness in boys engaged in training indicated reduction of subcutaneous fat. In controls, subcutaneous fat increased at the trunk and decreased at the periphery. Regression analysis indicated that changes of triceps skinfold thickness did not reflect changes in body fat content (r = 0.30; p: n.s.). A significant relation was established between changes of the subcapular skinfold thickness (r = 0,46; p less than 0,005) and of the sum of 5 skinfolds on the one hand (r = 0,51; p less than 0,005) and the changes of body fat content on the other hand. High standard deviations from the regression lines, however, indicated that accurate prediction of changes in body fat content was not possible in an individual subject.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of sports on development of 10 and 11-year-old boys. II. Spiroergometry].

We performed ergometric tests on a bicycle ergometer at the beginning and at the end of a nine month training period of track-and field athletics at school in 21 10 to 11 year old boys (8 hours training per week) and in 12 control subjects (3 1/2 hours training per week). With the exception of total work both groups had similar results at the first test. After nine months most test parameters were significantly improved in both groups. Total working time, total and maximal work, systolic blood pressure at maximal work and relative VO2max. were significantly different in the boys with 8 hours training from values obtained in the control subjects. VO2max. per kg body weight increased from a mean of 48.03 to 57.43 ml x min-1 x kg-2 (19.6%) in the boys with 8 hours training and from 44.70 tp 49.20 ml x min-1 x kg-1 (10.1%) in the control subjects. VO2-max. per kg lean body mass increased only in the boys with 8 hours training. VO2max. related to heart rate increased by 33% in the boys with 8 hours training and by 12% in the controls. The maximal minute ventilation and the minute ventilation at different submaximal working loads decreased in both groups. We conclude that the higher physical activity significantly improved the physical performance and the performance of the cardiovascular and respiratory system in preadolescent boys.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Protein malnutrition in pediatric patients with oncologic diseases].

To study the frequency of protein-caloric malnutrition in children (n = 16) with malignant diseases, we measured serum-albumin, -transferrin, -prealbumin and -retinol-binding protein (Radial immunodiffusion) before treatment was started. In 9 children at least 3 of the 4 rapid-turnover proteins were below the age-specific reference values. 7 patients (44%) with low rapid turnover proteins were free from infection, liver and renal dysfunction and thus, diagnosis of protein-caloric malnutrition was established. Anthropometric parameters as weight for age and the weight/height ratio did not predict protein-caloric malnutrition. Nutritional therapy (enteral, parenteral) during a period of 2 weeks resulted in significant increase of albumin (p less than 0.05), prealbumin (p less than 0.01) and retinol-binding protein (p less than 0.01). Rapid turnover proteins can be easily measured in each laboratory and are useful in diagnosis and treatment of protein-caloric malnutrition of children with malignant diseases as long as the limitations of this method are not neglected.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phosphate depletion syndrome in prematures fed human milk].

The reason for our present study on calcium and phosphorus intake of 7 prematures (birthweight 1150-1620 g; 29-34 GW; 1000 IU Vit. D per day) with pooled human milk and on their parameters of calcium, phosphorus- and bone metabolism were reports of rickets in prematures despite sufficient Vit. D substitution. The daily calcium- and phosphorus intake with pooled human milk was considerably lower than intrauterine calcium-and phosphorus accretion of fetuses of comparable gestational age. Biochemical parameters from serum and urine clearly indicated a phosphate deficiency syndrome. We found a significantly positive correlation between the activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum and postconceptional age. Although no subject showed clinical or radiological signs of rickets, in 6 of them the activity of alkaline phosphatase was clearly above normal in the 39th or 40th postconceptional week. We conclude that pooled human milk cannot supply prematures with sufficient amounts of calcium and phosphorus.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nutritional iron status of infants fed according to current recommendations].

We examined the iron nutritional status of healthy term infants in a longitudinal study from 15 through 365 days of age. All infants were fed according to the present austrian recommendations. Serum hemoglobin (Hb) decreased from 15 through 122 days of age and remained constant thereafter. At 365 days of age, only 4.7% of the infants had hemoglobin levels below 11 g/dl, which is considered the borderline value for anemia. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of erythrocytes was changing during infancy. Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) was constant from 122 days through 365 days of age. The upper normal value of 3 micrograms/gHb for infants older than 122 days of age corresponded to that for children older than one year and adults. Serum ferritin (SF) decreased from 15 through 183 days of age and remained constant thereafter. At 365 days of age, only 9.3% of the infants had SF below 10 micrograms/l, which is considered the borderline concentration for depletion of iron stores. We found no differences of iron nutritional status between infants who were breastfed longer than 122 days and infants who were breastfed shorter than 122 days or were fed formula. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and depletion of the iron stores is lower than in previous studies. Changes in infant nutrition during the last years resulted in higher iron intake and lower prevalence of iron deficiency.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of iron fortification of infant formula on trace mineral absorption.

This study was designed to examine whether iron fortification of infant formulas has an effect on utilization of other nutrients, particularly the trace elements zinc and copper. Metabolic balance studies were performed with seven normal infants who were between 43 and 420 days of age. Two formulas of nearly identical composition except for iron concentration (10.2 and 2.5 mg/L) were fed. Each infant had four balance studies performed, two while being fed formula 10.2 and two while being fed formula 2.5, in an alternating sequence. No effect of formula iron concentration was evident on absorption and/or retention of nitrogen, fat, calcium, and magnesium. Although absorption of phosphorus was significantly (p less than 0.05) less with formula 10.2 than formula 2.5, the difference was trivial. No effect on absorption of zinc was seen. However, absorption of copper was only 13.4% (SD 13.0) of intake when formula 10.2 was fed, compared with 27.5% (SD 15.3) of intake when formula 2.5 was fed. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). We conclude that iron in amounts present in iron-fortified formulas has a measurable effect on copper utilization. Because the magnitude of the effect is relatively small, we doubt that the finding is clinically relevant.

Copper↗