Effects of combined cholera toxin and cyclosporine therapy on renal allograft survival in the rat.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
F Hanyu
Publications and source records attributed to F Hanyu.
[Basic study of chemo-embolization of the liver using hydroxyapatite granules].
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the availability of hydroxyapatite (HAp) granules as a chemoembolic agent in chemo embolization therapy. A mixture of adriamycin (ADM) and an embolic agent (HAp, Lipiodol) was injected via hepatic artery in normal Wistar rats. Then the concentration of ADM in the liver serum transaminase level were measured serially. The remaining ADM in the liver was higher in groups with HAp granules than the others. The serum transaminase, however, were lower in the HAp groups. There are some advantages of HAp using as a chemo embolic agent. (1) HAp is a physiological biomaterial and seem to be safe for human. (2) HAp granules injected into the liver are easily detectable by X ray and ultrasonography. (3) HAp granules have a large surface area and this characteristic is suitable for a carrier of drugs. It is concluded that HAp granules have some necessary prerequisites for a chemo embolic agent and the application to clinical practice may be expected.
Animals↗
[Localization of pancreatic insulinomas by combined radiographic methods].
Seventeen cases with a total of eighteen insulinomas were examined by ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), angiography, percutaneous transhepatic portal and pancreatic venous sampling (PTPS) and intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS). We discussed about diagnostic accuracy of insulinomas on these diagnostic modalities. Tumor localization was achieved by US in 39%, CT in 72% and angiography in 81%. Although total 15 tumors (83%) can be correctly detected, multiple lesions were not completely ruled out. We recommended the criteria in PTPS as follows: Insulin concentration level above 200 mu U/ml. Or, both of insulin concentration ratio (step-up site/control) above three and elevation of the CPR concentration level on the PTPS. According to these criteria, the accuracy rate was 91%. Overall preoperative diagnostic accuracy was 100%. IOUS allowed us to detect the localization of the tumors completely.
Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
[Photodynamic therapy--its application for the treatment of esophageal cancer].
Effect of Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for esophageal cancer was discussed in this study. PDT has been performed on 9 cases of superficial esophageal cancer. All cases were followed periodically by endoscopy for 2 years 2 months to 6 years and no case has any local recurrence. But in 2 cases invaded submucosal layer, lymph node metastasis was recognized. We think PDT is one of the very effective therapies in the treatment of intramucosal cancer.
Aged↗
[Efficacy of extended radical operation based on preoperative staging].
From 1985 to 1988, we have resected 203 cases of the thoracic esophageal cancer with right thoracotomy. Those 203 cases were classified as R3 (bilateral cervical, thoracic and abdominal node dissection), R2 + alpha (left cervical, thoracic and abdominal nodes dissection) and R2 (thoracic and abdominal node dissection) based on preoperative staging. The background of R3 mainly contained Iu cases, advanced cases, positive cases of upper mediastinal metastasis, and that of R2 mostly contained high aged and risk cases, though this group showed low LN metastasis. The incidence of postoperative complications were higher R3 greater than R2 greater than R2 + alpha in order. Pneumonia had no relationship to neck dissection. Recurrent nerve palsy was recognized in R3 group about 16%. Operative mortality mostly belong to high aged group over 70 y.or., noncurative cases and R3 group. The survival rate of C greater than 0 resected cases with right thoracotomy after 1985 showed some improvement compared with the cases of standard R2 dissection by right thoracotomy from 1980-1984. It showed no difference of the curative survival curve among R3, R2 + alpha and R2 groups. Thus, it is effective to improve the survival rate of resected esophageal cancer with our indication based on preoperative staging.
Abdomen↗
[A case of double primary carcinomas of the pancreatic head and intrapancreatic bile duct, hardly diagnosed preoperatively].
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Adenocarcinoma↗
[Precancerous lesions of the colon and rectum].
Adenomatous polyp, adenomatosis coli and dysplasia in the inflammatory bowel disease are noted as precancerous lesions. 1) Adenomatous polyps are easily found by colonoscopy as protruded lesions and diagnosed by histopathological study. 2) Adenomatosis coli is easily diagnosed by barium enema and colonoscopy. Adenomatosis coli is accompanied with cancer frequently. As soon as adenomatosis coli is detected, we recommend surgery. IRA (total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis) is mainly undertaken for adenomatosis coli. But when there are many adenomas in the rectum, we recommend IAA (total colectomy, rectal mucosectomy and ileo-anal anastomosis). 3) Diagnosis and therapy of dysplasia accompanied with the inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, tuberculosis, Crohn's disease) remain unclear. There is a deep relationship between cancer and dysplasia and inflammation.
Adenoma↗
Evaluation of endoscopic ultrasonography for the diagnosis of submucosal tumors of the esophagus.
Endoscopic ultrasonography was carried out on 55 patients whose X-ray films or endoscopic examinations indicated the presence of a submucosal tumor. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed 8 cases of extraluminal compression and 48 cases of submucosal tumors. Histological studies were performed on 29 cases with submucosal tumors. In 28 of the 29 cases (97%) the location of the tumor in the esophageal wall was correctly estimated ultrasonographically, and appropriate treatment was selected. Tumors ranging from 3 to 50 mm in diameter could be measured accurately. This method may be helpful in follow-up studies. Endoscopic ultrasonographic findings, such as characteristics of the tumor border and internal echoes, were studied to predict the histological diagnosis of the tumor. Leiomyoma, cyst, granular cell tumor, lipoma, and intraluminal metastasis of esophageal cancer were all found to have specific ultrasonographic findings indicating the histological nature of the tumor.
Adult↗
[Multidisciplinary treatment of esophageal carcinoma].
From 1965 until Aug. 1987, a total of 1,249 cases of primary thoracic esophageal carcinoma were resected. Some 70%-80% of these cases treated before 1980 underwent preoperative irradiation. From 1976-1987, in addition to preoperative irradiation, postoperative irradiation of the neck and upper mediastinum was performed in 20% of resected cases. (1) Evaluation of combined radiotherapy: In C greater than 0 resected cases, the postoperative T-shape irradiated group was significantly better than the nonirradiated and preoperative irradiation--only groups, with a risk factor of p less than 0.05, However in comparison to historical controls, no significant improvement was obtained and in the preoperative irradiated group. (2) Multidisciplinary treatment based on preoperative staging: The effectiveness of CDDP treatment in cases of recurrence or non-resectable cancer of the esophagus was 44.4%. Based on these findings, we have administered adjuvant CDDP + VDS in resected cases from 1985 and have obtained encouraging 1-year survival. Since 1985, extended dissection in 3 regions (cervical, thoracic and abdominal) has been carried out. Compared to C greater than 0 resected since 1981, in which dissection of lymph-nodes in two major regions was performed, dissection of lymph-nodes in the three major regions has resulted in an improved 1-2 year survival, despite the increased numbers of stage IV cases. The findings thus indicate that the presence of lymph-node metastasis significantly affects prognosis. Therefore, in cases that are preoperatively evaluated as sm or more extensive invasion, it is necessary to combine extensive lymph-node dissection, postoperative irradiation or chemotherapy.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
[Clinical study of controlled-release preparation of mitomycin C in the treatment of inoperable cancer patients].
The composite substance of Mitomycin C (MMC) and polymer by low temperature radiating polymerization has a characteristic of slow release, the possibility of applying it to local chemotherapy was clinically studied. Buttom-formed preparation (MMC 20 mg) and needle-formed preparation (MMC 5 mg) were applied to the lesions, respectively, by sewing and piercing in 220 cancer patients with non resectable infiltrative lesions. The treatment had a pain-relieving effect in 70 out of 117 cases (60.0%) of painful cancer in the pancreas, biliary duct, liver, etc, and improved the symptoms of digestive organs in 31 out of 93 cases (33.3%). However, the tumor-reducing effect was recognized only in minute localized lesions of hepatic cancer, etc., and the survival period was not prolonged. The treatment caused no severe side effects. From the above results, the local chemotherapy with slow-releasing MMC preparation was concluded to be a useful means of palliative therapy in non-resectable, though its formulation may to be further improved.
Clinical Trials as Topic↗
[A case of adrenal myelolipoma].
We report a case of surgically resected adrenal myelolipoma. Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland is a rare, benign and nonfunctioning tumor. The present patient represents the 57th reported clinical case of this tumor. It consists of fatty and hematopoietic tissue. It is asymptomatic and usually found only at autopsy incidentally. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and fine needle biopsy help in the preoperative diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma. Especially fine needle biopsy is recommended when the diagnosis is doubtful.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
[Multidisciplinary treatment of thoracic esophagus carcinoma based on preoperative staging].
Recently, with developments in CT scanning and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), in addition to conventional ultrasound (US), significant advances have been made in the evaluation of preoperative staging. Evaluation of the presence of A3 invasion is made on the basis of X-ray, CT and EUS findings. In superficial cases of ep, mm or sm, EUS with particular reference to the X-ray and endoscopic appearance is very effective, and in our department the diagnostic accuracy in cases of mucosal lesions is 88%, while it is 84% in sm cases. Diagnosis of metastasis to cervical and abdominal lymph nodes is performed by US, while diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis is performed by EUS. The accuracy of US for detecting cervical and abdominal lymph node metastases, including those approximately 0.5 cm in size, is 95%, while that of EUS in the diagnosis of metastasis to mediastinal nodes is 89%. The 5-year survival of patients with lymph node metastasis significantly affects prognosis. Based on this, since 1985, extended dissection in the cervical, thoracic and abdominal regions has been carried out. Since 1985, some resected cases have been treated with pre- or postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy regimens, centered primarily on CDDP (majority of cases with CDDP + VDS). A significant improvement has been obtained in the 1-2-year survival of C greater than O resected cases treated since 1985, compared with cases in 1980-1984. This improvement is thought to be due to dissection of lymph nodes in the three major regions, based on more accurate preoperative evaluation and the introduction of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Clinical evaluation of laser endoscopy for the treatment of gastric tumors.
Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser therapy was performed through a gastroscope on 123 patients from 1980 to 1986. A complete cure with YAG laser therapy was obtained in patients with atypical epithelium of gastric mucosa and gastric polyps. Laser therapy (YAG) was very effective for the elevated type of early gastric cancer, and radical treatment can be expected for well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of less than 2 cm when tumor infiltration does not exceed the mucosa. YAG laser therapy for the depressed type of gastric cancer was not as effective and presents various problems. Argon-dye laser therapy, however, is more effective for the depressed type of gastric cancer. Endoscopic laser therapy is very effective, but it is necessary to be aware that lymph node metastases of gastric cancer have been found frequently, even in the early stage. Therefore, laser therapy must be performed under strict indications.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma.
In selection for esophageal cancer treatment, it is necessary to evaluate the tumor stage. We have used endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for diagnosis of the depth of cancer invasion and the presence of lymph node metastasis since 1983. The EUS image of the normal esophageal wall showed 5 layers. In all, 222 cases of esophageal cancer were examined with EUS, and a radical operation was performed on 139. In 78 of those cases, the scope was passed beyond the cancer site, and total observation was achieved (56%). The extent of cancer invasion was correctly determined in these 78 cases (84%). Thoracic lymph nodes that could be detected by EUS were located in the posterior mediastinum and measured more than 3 mm in diameter. Diagnostic criteria for lymph node metastasis were designated as follows: (1) spherical shape, (2) a distinct border, and (3) heterogenous echo spots within the nodes. The above criteria yielded a sensitivity of 87%, a specificity of 90%, and an overall accuracy of 89% according to the histological examination of the removed lymph nodes.
Esophageal Neoplasms↗
[A 6-day subrenal capsule assay for predictive testing of primary esophageal cancers].
Subrenal Capsule Assay (SRCA) as a chemosensitivity test was performed on 14 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas in order to select a more effective form of chemotherapy. Of the 14 assays, 12 were evaluable. Mice were treated with anticancer agents (e.g. Cisplatin, Bleomycin, Methotrexate, Vindesine) on days 1 and 3 after transplantation, and on day 6, the sensitivities were determined. Fresh esophageal cancers yielded an evaluable assay rate of 74%. The implant grew progressively for six days in the remaining group of control mice. Histologically, host cell infiltration at the border of the implant was observed from day 3 after transplantation, and cells had degenerated or had been partially replaced by scar tissue by day 6. The results of chemosensitivity tests differed according to the anticancer agent used or from case to case. Clinically, correspondence between the assay results and clinical results was obtained in 5 out of 7 cases. SRCA is a new promising chemosensitivity test which is clinically useful, and the present results indicated the feasibility of its use in developing an effective chemotherapy for esophageal cancer.
Adult↗
[Combined chemotherapy with cisplatin in esophageal cancer].
Combined chemotherapy with cisplatin was performed in patients with advanced esophageal cancer. Two types of administration schedule were used: method I (three-drug combination of cisplatin, bleomycin and methotrexate) and method II (combination of cisplatin, peplomycin and methotrexate). Of 16 cases, 6 (37.5%) showed partial remission. With regard to the method of administration, the response rate for method I was 33%, and that for method II was 43%. Nausea (84%), vomiting (56%), loss of appetite (94%), malaise (75%) and alopecia (25%) were observed as side effects. Nausea and vomiting were ameliorated by use of metoclopramide. In bloodchemistry, anemia (87%), leukopenia (56%), thrombopenia (31%) and increase of BUN (63%) were observed. However, these changes were ameliorated by hydration or blood transfusion. Combined chemotherapy with CDDP should be a more useful future treatment for esophageal cancer.
Aged↗
[Experiences with FT+BrdU+radiation therapy of esophageal cancer].
Three patients with esophageal cancer, who were treated by FT+BrdU+radiation with good results, are reported. This method is theoretically almost the same as BAR therapy which was originally developed for the treatment of brain cancer using BrdU aimed at enhancing the sensitivity to irradiation. In two patients who had advanced lung cancer on the vertical axis, a good effect was achieved with only 8 Gy and 24 Gy of irradiation. In the other cases, who had circumferentially invasive superficial cancers, we also achieved on effect as good a CR clinically.
Aged↗
[Hepatolithiasis. Progress of diagnosis of hepatolithiasis].
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Adult↗