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Biomedical subjects

F Halter

Publications and source records attributed to F Halter.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Effect of food on antacid neutralizing capacity in man.

In order to estimate their in-vivo reactivity two antacids of equal theoretical neutralizing capacity (approximately 3.9 mol/l at pH 3.5) but of different chemical composition were employed as intragastric titrant (pH 3.5) following a liquid protein meal (oxo) in two groups of five volunteers each. The two antacids chosen (alucol and Camalox) contain different amounts of aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and Camalox in addition contains calcium carbonate. The intragastric consumption of these two antacids was much higher than their respective theoretically available neutralizing capacity (Alucol 3.9 times, Camalox 2.4 times). In-vitro studies demonstrated that interaction with oxo reduced the neutralizing capacity of the two antacids at pH 3.5 from 3.9 mol/l to 1.7 mol/l (Alucol) and 2.5 mol/l (Camalox). This potency loss was related to the aluminium hydroxide content of the two antacids. This study indicates that the neutralizing capacity of antacids is not predictable from their reactivity in aqueous solution and is markedly reduced by protein-containing foods.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Sensitivity of the parietal cell to pentagastrin in health and duodenal ulcer disease: a reappraisal.

In view of the conflicting results on whether pentagastrin sensitivity is genuinely increased in duodenal ulcer (DU) patients, the pentagastrin-gastric acid relationship was restudied in 17 normal subjects and 15 DU patients. In a reproducibility study performed on nine healthy subjects the mean pentagastrin responses obtained on 2 different study days, using a step technique (range, 0.025-6.4 micrograms kg-1h-1), were congruent at each of the five measuring points. Analysis of variance revealed no significant overall differences. However, ED50 values showed a large within- and between-subject variation and failed to correlate significantly, this because a plateau response was not regularly obtained with the top dose. Consequently, ED50 values in normal subjects and DU patients showed a large scatter and were not significantly different, although the potency ratio calculated from the linear parts of the respective dose-response curves was significantly different (2.6; 95% confidence limits, 1.8-3.9). This study thus supplies further evidence that the parietal cell of DU patients has a higher sensitivity to pentagastrin and demonstrates that the reliability of individual ED50 estimations obtained in pentagastrin dose-response studied should not be overrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis].

The confusion arising from the misnomer "ulcerative colitis" when used to characterize idiopathic hemorrhagic proctocolitis is emphasized, and an attempt is made in this postgraduate lecture to classify inflammatory bowel disease by subdivision into hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic forms. The limits of such didactic simplifications are stressed and special attention is focused on little-known conditions such as " diversion colitis" and Campylobacter colitis.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1981

[The effect of salmon calcitonin on pancreatic enzymes and hormones before and after retrograde cholangiopancreatography].

The effect of salmon calcitonin (SMC) on pancreatic enzymes and hormones was investigated following retrograde choledocho-pancreatography (ERCP). 40 patients were randomly divided in two groups and 2.5 micrograms/h SMC or sodium chloride was infused intravenously for 28 hours. Infusion was started 4 hours before endoscopic procedure and amylase, lipase, glucose, insulin, glucagon and gastrin plasma concentrations were measured before and 2, 12 and 24 hours after the end of the ERCP. According to the radiological findings of pancreatography two additional groups were formed: group 1 with visualization of the main duct and its branches and group 2 with additional visualization of the pancreatic parenchyma. No change in glucose, insulin, glucagon and gastrin was found in any of the groups analyzed. Amylase and lipase showed a significant increase after 2 hours and 24 hours later, values were reached which were not significantly different to baseline levels. The time course of the plasma concentrations was identical in the patients treated by SMC or sodium chloride and showed no significant difference at the various time intervals. Therefore, inhibition of the known increase in pancreatic enzymes following ERCP was not found with SMC treatment.

Amylases↗
PubMed1981

[New aspects in the treatment of cholecysto-and choledolithiasis].

Since gallstone disease is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal disorders (average incidence 27% in males and 47% in females) it is mandatory for practicing physicians to keep abreast of recent progress in therapy. Thus, present treatment is based on the radiologic pattern of radiolucent (cholesterol) and radioopaque (calcium containing) stones. In the young patient, cholecystectomy is recommended for cholecystolithiasis regardless of type of stones, because this procedure is likely in most cases to provide optimal, definitive results at minimal risk. In the elderly, or when the operative risk is aggravated by accompanying disease, an attempt may be made to dissolve cholesterol stones by oral administration of cheno- or ursodeoxycholic acid. Following 18 months to 2 years of medication, the success rate for complete dissolution is approximately 50%.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Estimation of the biliary excretion of different cephalosporins utilizing retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP).

In the present study 21 patients undergoing retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) were given cefamandole, cefazolin or cefaclor, and plasma and bile concentrations were measured. The cannulation of the common bile duct was possible in most of the patients investigated, but no bile could be obtained in 7 of them. In the patients in whom bile was obtained, concentrations comparable to other studies were estimated, despite a wide variation in the individual patients. In addition, cefaclor, which is not known to be excreted in the bile, showed sufficiently high inhibitory bile concentrations. Using ERCP for the estimation of bile concentrations of different drugs useful information can be obtained about the excretion of certain substances. However, for sophisticated pharmacokinetic studies, the method has certain limitations as compared with classical T-tube sampling.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Gallstone ileus after endoscopic sphincterotomy.

An attack of gallstone ileus observed in a 60-year-old female patient is reported. In this patient who previously had been cholecystectomized, instant extraction of giant residual gallstones was unsuccessful despite a large endoscopic sphincterotomy. Three days later, she developed colicky abdominal pain and vomiting. At laparotomy nine days after the endoscopic procedure an impacted gallstone measuring 3.5 cm in diameter was removed from the the jejunum, some 50 cm below the ligament of Treitz. This observation demonstrates an unusual complication of endoscopic sphincterotomy and clearly outlines that very large stones can, after an initial delay, pass into the duodenum despite an apparently "unsuccessful" sphincterotomy.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1981

Clinical experience with impromidine, a highly specific H2-receptor agonist.

The gastric secretory response to impromidine (SKF 92676), a potent selective histamine H2 agonist, has been studied in 40 patients with peptic ulcer disease or ulcer-like dyspepsia. Peak acid output following the intravenous infusion of impromidine, 10 micrograms kg-1h-1, or pentagastrin, 6 micrograms kg-1h-1, was not significantly different. This was also the case when the two drugs were administered subcutaneously at the same dose. Impromidine was well tolerated with only minor effects on the cardiovascular system both in 10 younger patients and in 20 subjects over the age of 55 years with mild to moderate cardiovascular disease. Impromidine can be considered an important tool for further investigation of the role of histamine at the H2-receptor site in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Therapeutic implications of duodeno-gastric reflux.

Both medical and surgical treatment of gastroduodenal reflux have many inherent limitations. Some available drugs act on gastroduodenal reflux by enhancing gastric emptying. Other agents bind bile acids intragastrically or protect gastric epithelial cells from the cytotoxic effect of duodenal juice. Bioavailability of these latter substances is not fully investigated. One has to consider that in general treatment of gastroduodenal reflux must be administered over a considerable length of time. Greater importance has, therefore, to be attached to drug safety than to any impressive short-term pharmacological effect. Such considerations are to a certain degree rate limiting factors for long-term treatment with metoclopramide, high doses of antacid, cholesytramine and prostaglandins. Due to the poor correlation between the patient's symptoms and the noxious effect of duodenal juice considerable problems have to be expected with patient's compliance. This may be one of the main reasons for the absence of convincing controlled long-term trials documenting the value of treatment of gastroduodenal reflux in gastric ulcer disease, acute or chronic gastritis and reflux oesophagitis. Better evaluated, but not without considerable hazards is the surgical treatment of gastroduodenal reflux. Biliary diversion is doubtless effective in some patients suffering from postoperative alkaline gastritis. It is, however, impossible to correlate in the individual patient postgastrectomy or postvagotomy symptoms to bile reflux and this is the main reason for the many failures of the surgical procedures.

Antacids↗
PubMed1981

Morphine-like action of enkephalin analog FK 33-824 on motility of the isolated rat colon.

Actions of the synthetic met-enkephalin analog FK 33-824 were compared to normorphine on intraluminal pressure of the isolated rat colon. Phasic and tonic contractions of isolated colonic segments in Ringer-Tyrode's solution under standard conditions were measured by intraluminal perfusion manometry. FK 33-824 or normorphine induced substantial tonic contractions of colonic muscles which lasted about 6 min. The maximum tonic contraction occurred at 10(-5) M normorphine or 10(-6) M FK 33-824. Naloxone (10(-6) M) and Mr 2266 alone or in combination inhibited competitively the tonic contraction induced by FK 33-824 with a similar potency ratio, whereas 10(-6) M norepinephrine or 10(-8) M isoproterenol inhibited it noncompetitively. Tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M) counteracted tonic contractions due to FK 33-824 or normorphine in all parts of the undissected colon but only in the proximal segment of the dissected colon and enhanced it in the middle and distal colonic segment. Neither 10(-5) M atropine sulfate nor 10(-6) M methysergide interfered with the action of FK 33-824 or normorphine. FK 33-824 produced morphine-like motor actions in the isolated rat colon evidently by stimulation of opiate receptors, suggested to be located in nervous and muscular tissue in the proximal and solely in muscular tissue in the mid and distal colonic segment. The neural pathway stimulated by FK 33-824 or normorphine is not identified. The data suggest it to be noncholinergic, nonadrenergic and nonserotoninergic.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Healing dynamics of traumatic gastric mucosal defects in the normal and hyperacid stomach.

Previous studies in man and preliminary experiments in the pig suggested an exponential healing rate for both gastric ulcers and induced mucosal defects. This was further investigated in six pigs with histamine-induced hyperacidity and in six controls. Healing of simple surgical defects measuring approximately 1.5 cm was endoscopically monitored at 2- to 3-day intervals through a Thomas cannula. In the control animals the healing rate was not strictly exponential but conformed to an organic decay curve with maximum healing phase around the fifth day and a slow initial and late healing velocity. In the six histamine-treated animals the healing rate was significantly delayed (P < 0.02) in the first four days but thereafter resembled that of the control animals. This suggests that acid secretion may be a determinant factor, especially within the early healing phase.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Sonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography in the diagnosis of diseases of the pancreas and biliary system (author's transl)].

The value of sonography and ERCP was studied in a retrospective series of 128 patients with pancreatic and biliary disease. Sonography and ERCP employed singly provided a correct diagnosis in 68% and 75.5% respectively; combined diagnostic accuracy rose to 85%. The inclusion of other diagnostic information produced almost identical figures for sonography and ERCP of 82% and 86% respectively. Consequently, sonography must be recommended in the first place as a non-invasive method for the diagnosis of pancreatic and biliary disease. The indications for ERCP are for the elucidation of chronic pancreatitis without pseudo-cysts and for other pancreatic abnormalities not clearly shown by sonography, and also for the demonstration of the biliary system in non-obstructive jaundice.

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗