Chronobiologic assessment of deviant human blood pressure: an invitation for improvements.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to F Halberg.
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The resolution of a more complex time structure than that described by the useful first approximation of a single cosinor is suggested herein. The cosinor serves the purpose of parsimony in the case of sparse and short time series, yet it can be usefully extended by assessing the variations in rhythm characteristics for treatment timing in the clinic rather than only for research.
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The chronobiologic question is raised whether exercise may be indicated for the pregnant woman as a general prophylactic measure and, if so, whether it should be timed according to rhythms and stage of pregnancy. This question, recently considered by others without chronobiologic focus, is here reviewed against the background of results from ongoing chronobiologic studies of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in pregnancy. During pregnancy, the MESORs and circadian amplitudes of systolic (S), mean arterial (MA) and diastolic (D) BP are correlated with a questionnaire-assessed cardiovascular risk score. Such results were found under noisy ordinary conditions of life without accounting for effects of activity. They are group results, and as such require further work before they can contribute to identifying individuals at high risk in particular need of intervention, such as exercise. The dependence of exercise effects upon circadian rhythms should also prompt the use of rhythmometry at all ages for timing exercise, for gauging its effects and eventually for the optimization of fitness training for the population as well as for peak performance.
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Chronoepidemiology studies alterations of biologic rhythms with several frequencies as harbingers and possibly determinants of the risk of developing certain diseases. Along these lines, a method for pattern discrimination, the so-called "monotest", involving the leave-one-out technique for the estimation of the PM, is here used in the search for classifiers of personality. By this method, chronoendocrine relations of a DPP are explored in 12 plasma hormones sampled around the clock in 4 seasons on a small number of clinically and psychologically healthy women, 29-36 years of age. Subjects were separated in two groups by scores for DPP of the Mini-Mult, an abbreviated version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Discriminant analysis singles out plasma aldosterone as the primary classifier for DPP in winter. In spring, the best classifiers include 17-OH progesterone and insulin, whereas in the summer the circadian amplitude of 17-OH progesterone classifies best. Finally, the identified classifiers in the fall are DHEA-S, estradiol and estrone. In clinical health, hormones are thus sensitive in ordering people who, according to questionnaires, are at different risk of developing emotional disorders. Results also illustrate the need to consider the intermodulation of circadian and circannual rhythms, whenever endocrine variables are being determined in human plasma.
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