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Biomedical subjects

F Haesebrouck

Publications and source records attributed to F Haesebrouck.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Taxon 20 (Fam. Pasteurellaceae) infections in European brown hares (Lepus europaeus).

Hemolytic bacteria, phenotypically related to organisms previously identified as Pasteurella haemolytica and tentatively named Taxon 20, were isolated from cases of purulent bronchopneumonia and from conjunctivitis in European brown hares (Lepus europaeus). The bronchopneumonia, sometimes accompanied by lesions in other organs, occurred without other concomitant disease. The conjunctivitis was found mainly in animals suffering from the European brown hare syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Composition of the enterococcal and streptococcal intestinal flora of poultry.

Identification to species level showed that Enterococcus faecalis and Ent. faecium largely dominated the enterococcal and streptococcal gut flora of 1-d-old chicks. Enterococcus faecalis was rare in 3- to 5-week-old broilers. Two species, Ent. faecium and Streptococcus alactolyticus, were isolated from nearly all broilers examined. Enterococcus hirae and Ent. durans were found in the small intestines of this category of poultry. In layers and parent stock of over 12 weeks of age, Ent. cecorum dominated with Strep. alactolyticus ranking next. Other species were isolated irregularly. Enterococcus avium and Ent. gallinarum, originally described from chickens, were rarely found. These species did not appear to belong to the normal intestinal flora of poultry.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

In vivo activity of orally administered antibiotics and chemotherapeutics against acute septicaemic pasteurellosis in rabbits.

Different antibiotics and chemotherapeutics were tested for therapeutic efficacy in rabbits, in an experimental model using a Pasteurella multocida strain which causes hyperacute septicaemia in this animal species. Only enrofloxacin, administered in the drinking water at a concentration of 50-100 mg/l cured the rabbits, provided that a daily intake of 5 mg/kg body weight was achieved. The other drugs tested (tetracycline, spiramycin, erythromycin and a combination of sulfamerazine with trimethoprim), at doses recommended for rabbits, showed little or no activity at all, with the exception of chloramphenicol, which was only partially effective.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1988

Influenza in swine in Belgium (1969-1986): epizootiologic aspects.

From 1984 until 1986, influenza isolates were obtained from 59 outbreaks of respiratory tract disease in Belgium. In 21 of the outbreaks, H3N2-influenza virus isolates, related to the human A/Port Chalmers/1/73 strain were obtained. All other isolates were H1N1-influenza virus strains. The prevalence of variants of the human H3N2-influenza virus in the Belgium swine population was determined by examining sow sera which had been collected between 1969 and 1984. The results of this serological study showed that, although a Port Chalmers-like strain was associated with outbreaks of respiratory tract disease in swine only since 1984, such strain was already present in the swine population in 1974, when a low percentage of sow sera (7%) reacted with A/Port Chalmers/1/73. Between 1975 and 1984, antibody against this strain were present in 28-61% of the sera. Furthermore, 3-6% of the sera collected between 1971 and 1980 reacted with the A/Hong Kong/1/68 strain. There were no indications that more recent human H3N2-strains (A/Texas/1/77, A/Bangkok/1/79 and A/Belgium/2/81) circulated in the Belgian swine population.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Vaccination of swine against H3N2-influenza field isolates using the human Philippines-strain.

Intratracheal inoculation of 2 Belgian H3N2-influenza viral strains, isolated from sick swine in the field, caused high fever, anorexia and dyspnoea in unvaccinated swine. The strains are related to the human A/Port Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2)-strain. In a limited study, 2 subunit vaccines, both derived from the human A/Philippines/2/82 (H3N2)-strain, were tested for efficacy in protecting swine against these Belgian field isolates. Vaccine A was a commercial vaccine, vaccine B an experimental vaccine. For evaluation of the efficacy of the vaccines, clinical as well as virological parameters were used. It was found that 2 spaced injections of the experimental vaccine (B) resulted in very high serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titres against the Philippines-strain. Nevertheless, only partial protection was obtained, as indicated by the milder clinical signs and the decreased viral replication at challenge. One injection of the experimental vaccine (B) and 2 spaced injections of the commercial vaccine (A) did not result in any protection at challenge, even though moderate HI titres against the Philippines-strain were obtained. It was concluded that if an H3N2-strain is included in vaccines for use in swine, a strain should be selected which is identical or very closely related to the strain(s) prevalent in the swine population of the country in which the vaccine will be used.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of intratracheal challenge of fattening pigs previously immunised with an inactivated influenza H1N1 vaccine.

Intratracheal inoculation of a field isolate of influenza A H1N1 caused high fever, anorexia and dyspnoea in unvaccinated pigs. In a limited study, it was shown that animals vaccinated once with an inactivated influenza A H1N1 strain showed partial protection at challenge, indicated by mild or absent clinical signs and by the suppression of viral replication. There appeared to be a correlation between the hemagglutination-inhibition titers of the serum of vaccinated pigs and the degree of protection. Animals vaccinated with two spaced injections were completely protected at challenge. Viral replication was inhibited in their respiratory tract since no virus was isolated from animals at slaughter and no increase in antibody titer was observed in challenged vaccinates followed serologically. It was concluded that vaccination of swine against influenza with an inactivated vaccine can result in a protective immunity in the respiratory tract. The New Jersey vaccine strain could protect against swine influenza strains (H1N1) currently prevalent in several European countries.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine in Belgium due to H3N2 influenza virus and experimental reproduction of disease.

In Belgium, influenza virus was isolated from swine in 22 epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine during 1984. In 8 of the epizootics, H3N2 influenza virus, related to the A/Port Chalmers/1/73 strain, was isolated. Intratracheal inoculation of the isolates induced clinical signs. It was concluded that the A/Port Chalmers/1/73 strain was established in the Belgian swine population and was responsible for the epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lucigenin- and luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence in turkey monocytes.

Monocytes from 10 week-old specific pathogen-free turkeys were isolated from peripheral blood by density centrifugation and assayed for their oxidative activity by means of a luminometer. Chemiluminescence (CL) properties after stimulation with different soluble and particulate stimuli were compared in lucigenin- and luminol-enhanced assays. A distinct response could be measured with 12-phorbol 13-myristate acetate (PMA) and Zymosan A, but only a weak signal was obtained with calcium ionophore A23187. No oxidative activity could be induced with N-formyl-methionyl-phenylalanine. Peak maxima for both lucigenin- and luminol-enhanced CL were ranked: PMA > Zymosan A > calcium ionophore. The velocity of the lucigenin- and luminol-enhanced responses induced by calcium ionophore were of similar magnitude, but the lucigenin-enhanced responses of Zymosan A and PMA-stimulated monocytes were respectively about 5 and 10 times higher than those obtained in luminol-enhanced assays. No peroxidase activity could be detected in the purified turkey monocytes. As luminol-enhanced CL primarily results from the peroxidase activity, this lack of myeloperoxidase may explain the observed lower responses to the different stimuli, in the presence of a luminol. In contrast, lucigenin-enhanced CL is not related to peroxidase activity, but is a selective probe of oxidase activity. Irrespective of the myeloperoxidase deficiency, different soluble and particulate stimuli induced a significant and reproducible CL response in turkey monocytes, in the presence of both chemiluminigenic probes, lucigenin and luminol. The possibility of measuring the phagocyte oxygenation activity of turkey monocytes represents a useful tool for the study of monocyte mediated host defence in the turkey.

Acridines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The inflammatory response in the mouse stomach to Helicobacter bizzozeronii, Helicobacter salomonis and two Helicobacter felis Strains.

The inflammatory response in the mouse stomach was evaluated as a means of distinguishing different non-pylori Helicobacter (H.) strains in terms of virulence. Mice of four strains (BALB/c, SJL, C57BL/6 and CFW) were infected intragastrically with four bacterial strains (H. felis ATCC 49179 and CCUG 37471, H. bizzozeronii and H. salomonis). The animals were killed for gastric examination at 3, 9 or 16 weeks post-inoculation. H. salomonis could not be detected by the polymerase chain reaction, but the other three organisms were detected in all stomach samples at all timepoints. SJL mice consistently showed particularly severe gastric inflammation regardless of bacterial strain. Lymphocytes and occasionally neutrophils were seen in submucosa and lamina propria mucosae. BALB/c mice showed the least severe inflammatory changes. H. bizzozeronii differed from the two H. felis strains in producing less striking pathological changes in mice. Of the two H. felis strains, ATCC 49179 produced the more severe inflammatory changes in SJL mice.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oxygen radicals and nitric oxide production by turkey respiratory macrophages.

The influence of different induction protocols on the recovery of elicited turkey respiratory macrophages (RM), and on their oxygenation activity and nitric oxide (NO) production was examined. RM were induced in three week old specific pathogen free turkeys with Sephadex G-50, Thioglycollate broth, and an emulsion of incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), supplemented either with Mycoplasma hyorhinis grown in Modified Channock broth (IFA-M. hyorhinis) or with Modified Channock broth (IFA-Broth). The RM were recovered by lavage of the lungs and air sacs and were purified by centrifugation through a Percoll suspension. Their oxygenation activity was evaluated in luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assays, following stimulation with Zymosan A. The NO production was evaluated by incubating the RM with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Salmonella enteritidis for 24 or 48 hours. The number of recovered RM was slightly, but not significantly lower for Sephadex G-50 and IFA-Broth than for Thioglycollate broth and IFA-M. hyorhinis. RM elicited with Sephadex G-50 and IFA-Broth showed a significantly higher oxidative burst response to Zymosan A, compared to the Thioglycollate and IFA-M. hyorhinis elicited RM. Although all elicited RM showed a high NO production upon stimulation with LPS, no significant differences were seen in the NO production of the RM obtained following the different induction treatments. Our results point out that care should be taken when applying elicited RM for in vitro assays, as distinct levels of oxygenation activity were obtained using different induction protocols.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Herd factors associated with the seroprevalences of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 2, 3 and 9 in slaughter pigs from farrow-to-finish pig herds.

This cross-sectional epidemiologic study was conducted in 150 randomly selected farrow-to-finish pig herds to investigate descriptive epidemiological characteristics of infections with three different serovars of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and to identify risk factors for the within-herd seroprevalences of these serovars. Different farm characteristics (n = 28) were examined as potential risk factors for the percentage of pigs with antibodies against serovars 2, 3 and 9. The presence of antibodies was measured using an indirect ELISA. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations between the potential risk factors and the proportion of seropositive pigs. The median within-herd seroprevalences were 95% (range: 0-100%), 100% (range: 10-100%), and 35% (range: 0-100%) for serovars 2, 3, and 9, respectively. There was a positive association (P < 0.001) between each of these serovars. The within-herd seroprevalence of serovar 2 was significantly higher in farms that purchased gilts from > or = 2 origin herds (OR = 2.33; P < 0.05) and in farms with poor biosecurity measures (OR = 4.62; P < 0.05). The proportion of pigs seropositive for serovar 3 was significantly higher when tested pigs were slaughtered in May-August and in November-December (OR = 5.96; P < 0.001), in herds without a growing unit (OR = 2.63; P < 0.01), and in herds with a direct air-entry into the finishing unit (OR = 1.92; P < 0.05). The within-herd seroprevalence of serovar 9 increased significantly in herds with poor biosecurity measures (OR = 1.76; P < 0.05). The study documented that infections with A. pleuropneumoniae serovars 2, 3, and 9 were very common in the selected herds, and that the sero-epidemiological characteristics and risk factors showed some variation depending on the serovar. The purchase policy of gilts and biosecurity measures are risk factors that can be improved fairly easily on pig farms.

Abattoirs↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interactions of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Muenchen with intestinal explants of the turtle Trachemys scripta scripta.

Salmonella infections in reptiles, in contrast to those in birds and mammals, are limited to the intestinal tract. In this study, interactions of a strain of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Muenchen (SEEM) with intestinal explants of the turtle Trachemys scripta scripta were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adhesion and invasion in the chelonian intestinal explants at 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C were evaluated quantitatively. For purposes of comparison, the invasive capacity of SEEM in the continuous avian epithelial cell line DIV-1 at 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C was determined. Small numbers of M-like cells were found in the ileum of the turtles. The bacteria adhered mainly to the mucus of the intestinal explants. Only small numbers of salmonellae were associated with epithelial cells. Higher numbers of bacteria adhered at 30 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. Epithelial damage, embedding of bacteria in the epithelial surface and a ruffling-like process were noted only at 37 degrees C. Minimal numbers of salmonellae invaded the explants at 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Invasion of DIV-1 cells was greater at 37 degrees C than at 30 degrees C. The study suggested that the intestinal mucous layer provides an important site of colonization for salmonellae in the chelonian host and protects the underlying epithelial cells.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Helicobacters of possible zoonotic origin: a review.

Since the isolation of Helicobacter pylori, many new Helicobacter species have been identified from the gastrointestinal tract in humans and animals. In humans, a spiral organism different from H. pylori and provisionally named "Helicobacter heilmannii", has been associated with gastritis, gastric ulceration and to a lesser degree, gastric cancer. In addition Helicobacter cinaedi, Helicobacter fennelliae, Helicobacter pullorum and "Flexispira rappini" have been isolated from cases of enteric disease, bacteremia and pneumonic illness. In the biliary tract, the presence of Helicobacter bilis, Helicobacter pullorum and "Flexispira rappini" has been demonstrated. Morphological, epidemiological and genotypic data suggest the involvement of animal helicobacters in these infections. In this paper, a review of the literature addressing the current knowledge about epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis and therapy of these infections is given.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental Streptococcus bovis infections in pigeons.

Thirty pigeons were experimentally infected with Streptococcus bovis using an intravenous infection model. Ninety percent of the inoculated pigeons developed clinical disease. Disease signs included acute death, inability to fly, lameness, inappetence, emaciation, polyuria, and the production of slimy, green droppings. At necropsy, the septicemic character of the disease was evident. Typical lesions included extensive well-circumscribed areas of necrosis in the pectoral muscle, tenosynovitis of the tendon of the Musculus pectoralis profundus, and arthritis of the stifle, tibiotarsal, or shoulder joints. Focal myocardial necrosis also was seen. Meningitis and encephalitis occurred in the cerebrum and the cerebellum. Disease signs and lesions described here after experimental infection were similar to those in naturally occurring cases of S. bovis septicemia.

Animals↗