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Biomedical subjects

F H Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to F H Taylor.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Synergistic interaction in vitro with use of three antibiotics simultaneously against Pseudomonas maltophilia.

An abbreviated three-dimensional checkerboard titration method was devised to determine whether synergistic interaction of three antimicrobial agents could be found against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Pseudomonas maltophilia was used as the test organism because of its resistance to most commercially available antimicrobial agents, including those active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Three-dimensional isobolograms with concave surfaces were formed when synergy occurred. Triple combinations of gentamicin-carbenicillin-rifampin (mean fractional inhibitory concentration index, 0.32) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-carbenicillin-rifampin (mean fractional inhibitory concentration index, 0.18) were consistently synergistic against 14 clinical isolates of P. maltophilia.

Carbenicillin↗
PubMed1979

A statistical analysis of human lymphocyte transformation data.

The lymphocytes from 107 maternal-foetal pairs were examined for their in vitro responsiveness, as determined by the incorporation of tritiated thymidine following stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), candida, varicella, mumps, streptokinase-streptodornase (SKSD) and tetanus toxoid. The data were collected and analysed in two sequential groups (forty-seven and sixty) in order to determine whether the results were reproducible. The variable chosen for analysis was the difference (d) between the square roots of the isotope incorporation in the stimulated and control cultures because it gave the most symmetrical distribution of the data. The experimental error in the determination of maternal lymphocyte stimulation was 1.4--8.6% and of the foetal lymphocytes, 1.0--16.6%, depending upon the antigen or mitogen and its concentration. The data in the two sets of patients were statistically the same in forty-eight of the fifty-six analyses (fourteen antigen or mitogen concentrations in autologous and AB plasma for maternal and foetal lymphocytes). The statistical limits of the distribution of responses for stimulation or suppression were set by an analysis of variance taking two standard deviations from the mean as the limits. When these limits were translated into stimulation indices, they varied for each antigen or mitogen and for different concentrations of the same antigen. Thus, a detailed statistical analysis of a large volume of lymphocyte transformation data indicates that the technique is reproducible and offers a reliable method for determing when significant differences from control values are present.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Relationship between the responsiveness of maternal and foetal lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin and to microbial antigens.

The response of 105 maternal-foetal lymphocyte pairs to specific and non-specific stimulation were evaluated using a newly defined method of analysis. There were no significant differences in the responses of maternal or foetal lymphocytes to phytohaemogglutinin (PHA) or the various antigens as a function of concentration over the ranges tested. The maternal lymphocytes were stimulated by all of the antigens and responded to PHA three--five times more strongly than to the antigens. The foetal lymphocytes were stimulated by PHA and tetanus toxoid only and were suppressed by streptokinase-streptodornase (SKSD). They responded to stimulation by antigens at a lower level than did the maternal lymphocytes, but they responded at a much higher level to PHA. Unstimulated cultures of foetal lymphocytes incorporated more isotope than did those of maternal lymphocytes in both autologous and AB plasma. The data were cross-classified to determine whether the responses of the foetal lymphocytes varied concordantly with the responses of the maternal lymphocytes in both autologous and AB plasma by the Chi-square test for independence and by rank correlation analysis. There was no significant correlation in either plasma to stimulation with the antigens. Thus, the presence of antigen reactive lymphocytes in the circulation of the mother does not mean that the foetus is sensitized to that antigen. Comparison of the lymphocyte responses in autologous plasma with those in AB plasma provided evidence for the presence of circulating immunoregulatory substances. Autologous maternal plasma suppressed the lymphocyte responses to high concentrations of candida and SKSD and stimulated the response to mumps, varicella and tetanus toxoid. Autologous fetal plasma suppressed the lymphocyte responses to candida, varicella and SKSD and stimulated the response to PHA. The responsiveness of maternal lymphocytes to PHA was less in foetal plasma than in autologous maternal or AB plasma.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cerebellar retraction: significance and sequelae.

Does cerebellar retraction during operations in the posterior fossa contribute to increased morbidity and mortality, and if so, what are the critical factors involved? In order to answer these questions, graded retractor pressures of 10, 20, and 30 mm Hg were applied for one hour to the cerebellar hemispheres of dogs in the sitting position. It was noted that the amount of mechanical pressure and the difference between systemic perfusion pressure and retractor pressure were important determinants of the outcome. The mechanism of damage from retractor pressure is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

History of recurrent sore throat as an indication for tonsillectomy. Predictive limitations of histories that are undocumented.

As part of a prospective study of indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, we followed closely 65 children with histories of recurrent throat infection that seemed impressive (at least seven episodes in one year, five in each of two consecutive years or three in each of three consecutive years), but lacked documentation. During the first year of observation, only 11 children (17 per cent) had episodes of throat infection with clinical features and patterns of frequency conforming to those described in their presenting histories. Of the remaining 54 children, 43 (80 per cent) experienced no, one or two observed episodes each, and most of the episodes were mild. We conclude that undocumented histories of recurrent throat infection do not validly forecast subsequent experience and hence do not constitute an adequate basis for subjecting children to tonsillectomy.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1978

The modified Collis-Nissen operation for control of gastroesophageal reflux.

An operation employing the Nissen fundoplication performed about an undivided 5 cm gastroplasty tube created with a gastrointestinal anastomosing (GIA) stapler that was modified by elimination of the cutting blade has been devised and evaluated in 48 patients over a period ranging from 3 to 52 months (average, 27 months). Seventeen of these patients had severe esophageal strictures. Reflux control, evaluated by clinical appraisal and roentgenograms in all patients and by 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring in some, has been complete in all patients throughout the study. One patient with undetected subclinical achalasia continues to have mild dysphagia and represents the only unsatisfactory result in the series. Normal swallowing has been restored to all patients with strictures, and the others remain free of symptoms. The simplicity, reproducibility, and effectiveness of this operation warrant its continuing evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Ketamine as the sole anaesthetic agent for laparoscopic sterilization. The effects of premedication on the frequency of adverse clinical reactions.

Ketamine, as the sole anaesthetic agent, was assessed in a double-blind study of 135 female patients who underwent laparoscopic sterilization. The patients were allocated randomly to one of four groups according to the type (pentobarbitone or droperidol) and route (i.v. or i.m.) of premedication. In addition all the patients received hyoscine i.m. Neither pentobarbitone nor droperidol prevented adverse emergence reactions and the total frequency of dream-like activity. However, patients who received pentobarbitone i.v. did not recall unpleasant dream-like activity. Patients who received droperidol i.v. had the shortest recovery time after ketamine anaesthesia. There was a high incidence of visual disturbances in all groups. Droperidol protected against the initial increase of heart rate, and pentobarbitone against the increase in arterial systolic pressure associated with ketamine.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Pharmacokinetics of succinylcholine in infants, children, and adults.

The elimination of succinylcholine appears to follow first-order kinetics with a linear relationship between intensity of effect and logarithm of the dose. Determination of the time-course of neuromuscular blockade following succinylcholine in infants and children allowed us to compare the rate of recovery and elimination rate constant with those determined by others in adults. The rate of recovery was independent of dose for each age group. The rate of recovery was faster in children than in infants; the rate of recovery of infants was faster than that of adults. The elimination rate constant for infants was similar to that of children; for both the infants and children the rate constants appeared dissimilar from those of adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Regulation of behavioral events by thyrotropin releasing factor and cyclic AMP.

Like dibutyryl cyclic AMP, thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF) has potent antianesthetic properties, but only dibutyryl cyclic AMP shortens narcosis dose-relatedly. In contrast, only TRF reverses amobarbital-induced hypothermia (dose-relatedly). In naive rats, dibutyryl cyclic AMP (25-200 mug) induces convulsions while TRF (5-100 mug) produces intermittent hyperactivity and sedation but never convulsions. To determine whether behavioral events may be regulated in the central nervous system through an interaction of the two naturally occurring compounds, TRF (5-100 mug) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (25-200 mug) were injected simultaneously into the lateral ventricle of the brain of naive rats or rats anesthetized with amobarbital (80 mg/kg). TRF (12.5-50 mug) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (100-200 MUG) DID NOT SHORTEN NARCOSIS FURTHER THAN DIBUTYRYL CYCLIC AMP alone. Amobarbital protected against the lethal effects of the two compounds injected simultaneously. Long-lasting locomotor disorders and mortality rate increased with increasing doses of TRF (12.5-25 mug) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (100-200 MUG) GIVEN TO NAIVE RATS. Results did not support the postulate that cyclic AMP is the second messenger of TRF.

Amobarbital↗
PubMed1976

Measurement of circumference of the knee with ordinary tape measure.

The circumference of the knees and thighs at three locations was measured in 10 patients on two consecutive occasions by three observers. Analysis of the results for interobserver, intraobserver and among-patient variation established that a change in circumference noted by different observers on two different days is significant if it exceeds 1-5 cm at the midpatella, 2-7 cm at 7 cm above, and 3-5 cm at 15 cm above the patella. If a single observer performs both measurements, the change need exceed only 1-0, 2-0, and 2-7 cm, respectively, to be significant.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1976

Comparisons between the antianesthetic action of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and analeptic drugs on amobarbital-induced narcosis in the rat.

The dose-related antianesthetic and antidotal property of dibutyryl cyclic AMP, devoid of toxic effects, imparts uniqueness to the nucleotide as an arousal agent. Of the analeptic drugs studied (d-amphetamine, picrotoxin, pentylenetetrazol, caffeine, theophylline, strychnine, ethamivan and doxapram), only picrotoxin demonstrated antianesthetic properties. However, picrotoxin was associated with severe toxicity at all dose levels tested. No analeptic drug is effective in reversing the central nervous system depression produced by sedative, hypnotic or tranquilizer drug overdosage.

Amobarbital↗
PubMed1975

Investigation of carbohydrate metabolism and somatomedin in osteosarcoma patients.

Altered carbohydrate metabolism associated with fibrosarcomas and chondrosarcomas has been well-documented in past literature. This report describes abnormal carbohydrate metabolism in 2 osteosarcoma patients, and abnormalities in growth hormone and somatomedin serum levels. Experimental evidence is presented showing in vitro suppression of osteosarcoma tumor cell proliferation by 17 beta Estradiol. Estrogen inhibition of linear bone growth, cartilage proliferation, and somatomedin is discussed with reference to possible estrogen therapy in osteosarcoma.

Adolescent↗