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Biomedical subjects

F H Ruddle

Publications and source records attributed to F H Ruddle.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Assignment of a human gene for tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase to chromosome 14 using human-mouse somatic cell hybrids.

Human tryptophanyl-tRNA SYNTHETASE (Trp-RS, EC 6.1.1.2) can be separated from its mouse counterpart by Cellogel electrophoresis. Analysis of the presence or absence of human Trp-RS and other human enzyme markers in eleven independently dervied cell lines of human-mouse somatic cell hybrids revealed that the expression of Trp-RS is correlated with the expression of human nucleoside phosphorylase (NP, EC 2.4.2.1). The syntenic relationship between Trp-RS and NP permits the assignment of the structural gene for Trp-RS to human chromosome 14. Karyotype and isozyme analysis of these hybrid clones rules out other linkage assignments.

Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases↗
PubMed1976

Genetic homology between man and the chimpanzee: syntenic relationships of genes for galactokinase and thymidine kinase and adenovirus-12-induced gaps using chimpanzee-mouse somatic cell hybrids.

The induction by adenovirus-12 of a site-specific gap and assignment of the chimpanzee genes for thymidine kinase and galactokinase were studied by utilizing chimpanzee-mouse hybrid cells. It has been shown that adenovirus-12 induces a specific gap in the long arm of human chromosome 17 (HS 17); with chimpanzee-mouse hybrid cells the specific gap appears on the short arm of the chimpanzee homolog [PTR 19 (HS 17)] of HS 17. This result supports the proposed relationship of HS 17 to PTR 19 (HS 17) by means of a pericentric inversion. The chimpanzee thymidine kinase and galactokinase genes were assigned to PTR 19 (HS 17), further confirming the homology to HS 17. Other syntenic relationships and gene assignments were consistent with proposed homologies between chimpanzee and human chromosomes.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1976

beta2-microglobulin locus on human chromosome 15.

We have developed an autoradiographic/electrophoretic assay capable of distinguishing mouse and human beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) in spent culture media. The method is applicable to mouse and human lines and to hybrid cell lines made from them. With this technique, mouse/human hybrid cell lines were tested for the presence of human beta2m. Isozyme and karyotype analyses were also carried out with the hybrids. The combined results of these studies show that the structural gene for human beta2m is on the long arm of chromosome 15.

Beta-Globulins↗
PubMed1976

Differential staining of interspecific chromosomes in somatic cell hybrids by alkaline Giemsa stain.

Staining of chromosome preparations of Chinese hamster-human hybrid cells and mouse-chimpanzee hybrids with alkaline Giemsa has yielded color differentiation of the interspecific chromosomes. Bicolor chromosomes, indicating apparent translocations also are observed for each of these hybrids. The specific color differences observed provide a rapid means of recognizing and aiding in the identification of the interspecific chromosomes and apparent translocations in these somatic cell hybrids.

Azure Stains↗
PubMed1976

Sexual and parasexual approaches to the genetic analysis of the laboratory mouse, Mus musculus.

The mouse genetic map has been characterized largely through breeding studies based on the principles of Mendelian genetics. More recently, specific genetic information has been obtained from somatic cell studies using the techniques of in situ hybridization and somatic cell hybridization. The genetic analysis possible through these sexual and parasexual approaches is described, and specific linkage information from recent somatic cell studies is reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Pluripotent teratocarcinoma-thymus somatic cell hybrids.

We have produced a series of somatic cell hybrids by fusing pluripotent PCC4aza1 embryonal carcinoma ("teretocarcinoma") cells with thymocytes from young adult mice. When these hybrids form tumors in nu/nu or syngeneic mice, all the tumors contain a range of differentiated tissues, as well as embryonal carcinoma-like tissues. Some of the tumors produce alpha-fetoprotein. These results show that pluripotency in embryonal carcinoma cells need not to be abolished by the introduction of a complete diploid genome from a differentiated cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Immunochemical detection of human enzymes in hybrid cells.

Rabbit antisera have been produced against each of three purified human enzymes: a cytoplasmic form of NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH, EC 1.1.1.42), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI, EC 5.3.1.9), and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT, EC 2.4.2.8), and they have been used for immunoprecipitation reactions to detect human-specific enzymes in various human-mouse somatic cell hybrids. Under optimal conditions, enzyme activity was eliminated from human cell lysate, but no reduction of enzyme activity was found in the mouse cell lysate. Differential enzyme precipitation by these human-specific antisera was observed in human-mouse hybrid cells. Analysis on starch gel electrophoresis revealed that not only the human homodimer, but also human-mouse heterodimer molecules, in cases of PGI and IDH, were precipitated. Thus this method is sensitive and allows quantitative determination of human-specific enzymes. The presence of a human-specific enzyme identified by this method correlated with the presence of a particular human chromosome permitting assignments of the human cytoplasmic forms of NADP-linked IDH, human PGI, and human HGPRT genes to chromosomes 2, 19, and X, respectively. These assignments are consistent with published data (Ruddle, 1973).

Animals↗