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Biomedical subjects

F H Morriss

Publications and source records attributed to F H Morriss.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Ontogeny of tissue and serum gastrin concentrations in fetal and neonatal sheep.

We investigated the perinatal ontogenic changes in ovine serum and tissue gastrin concentration. Fetal and maternal serum gastrin levels in serums obtained from indwelling catheters in the fetal and maternal circulations and tissue gastrin levels were assessed by radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry. Fetal serum gastrin concentration was undetectable until the 107th day of gestation and significantly increased to levels surpassing maternal values. Neonatal serum hormone concentration continued to rise, reaching a peak during the 4th postnatal wk and decreasing after the 4th wk coincident with weaning. Maternal serum gastrin concentration did not vary during pregnancy and did not correlate with fetal serum gastrin levels. Fetal abomasal and duodenal gastrin concentrations and abomasal G-cell number increased in parallel with the developmental alterations in fetal serum hormone levels during gestation. The developmental increase in abomasal gastrin concentration was not associated with a shift in the molecular form of the hormone. These findings support the hypothesis that circulating gastrin in the fetus is of fetal origin.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1981

Hydrolysis of dipeptides by human and ovine placentas.

Human and ovine placental tissue homogenates were assayed for dipeptidase activity in vitro. Glycyl-L-leucine, L-leucyl glycine, glycyl-L-lysine, and L-lysyl glycine were hydrolyzed by placental homogenates. The pH optimum for the reaction was 8.0. The relationship between enzyme activity and concentration was linear for placental homogenate concentrations between 0.01 and 0.10 mg protein/ml of reaction mixture. Enzyme activities were 1.92 +/- 0.12 (S.E.) micromoles/min/mg protein for hydrolysis of glycyl-L-leucine, 0.34 +/- 0.06 (S.E.) micromoles/min/mg protein for hydrolysis of glycyl-L-lysine by human placenta, and 2.79 +/- 0.80 micromoles/min/mg protein and 0.41 +/- 0.25 micromoles/min/mg protein, respectively, by ovine placenta. The infusion of glycyl-L-leucine into the uterine artery of unstressed catheterized pregnant ewes yielded increased concentrations of both component amino acids in uterine venous blood and of leucine in umbilical venous blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

CSF neurotransmitter studies. An infant with ascorbic acid-responsive tyrosinemia.

A female newborn infant with Marfan-like habitus experienced lethargy and hypothermia associated with tyrosinemia that was not corrected by the administration of ascorbic acid at 50 mg/day but that subsequently responded to ascorbic acid at 500 mg/day. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis for neurotransmitter metabolites showed elevated concentrations of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid when the child was symptomatic and normal concentrations after successful ascrobic acid therapy. These observations suggest that a high level of tyrosine in serum can affect the metabolism in the brain of dopamine and serotonin.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1980

Effects of fasting on uterine blood flow and substrate uptake in sheep.

Twelve chronically instrumented late-gestation ewes fasted for 5 days were found to have a 25% decrease in total uterine blood flow and a 20% decrease in placental blood flow. Cardiac output was unchanged but was redistributed, as measured by radiolabeled microspheres, in a pattern similar to that produced by catecholamines. Fasting also was associated with hypoglycemia and altered whole blood amino acid concentrations. Uterine uptakes of glucose, oxygen, essential amino acids and glutamine, an important uterine and fetal nutrient, were decreased significantly during fasting. The increased hepatic blood flow and decreased arterial concentrations of glucogenic amino acids observed during fasting are consistent with a redistribution of maternal cardiac output to support maternal hepatic gluconeogenesis at the expense of nutrient supply to the gravid uterus.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Intraventricular hemorrhage in the neonate born at term.

Four term infants were found by computerized cerebral tomography (CT) to have intraventricular hemorrhage. All were male infants who had experienced substantial intrapartum complications. One infant had subtle clinical signs at 2 days of age; the others had major neurologic findings including seizures and ophthalmoplegia that occurred at 1, 4, and 6 weeks of age, respectively. Three infants in whom the hemorrhages were indistinguishable by CT from those described in preterm infants now have arrested hydrocephalus and normal development. The fourth infant was found to have a large glioblastoma at the site of origin of his initial hemorrhage. These cases emphasize the need to consider this diagnosis in neonates born at term who have abnormal neurologic signs.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Neonatal gastric motility in dogs: maturation and response to pentagastrin.

Postnatal changes in the pH of gastric secretions, gastric motility, serum gastrin concentration, and response of the stomach to pentagastrin administration were studied in 15 beagle puppies from birth to 5 wk of age. Motility was monitored manometrically via twin-lumen catheters 3--6 h postprandially. Mean gastric pH was stable at 5.85 until the 7th postnatal day when pH decreased to 3.45; pH then increased to a mean value of 4.95 through the 18th day. Antral contractions increased from 0.2 contractions per min on the day of birth to a maximum 2.3 contractions per min on the 11th day and then gradually declined. Pentagastrin (8.0 microgram/kg sc) had no effect on gastric pH or motility until the 2nd postnatal wk. Pentagastrin inhibited the rate and peak pressure of antral contractions from the 2nd through the 5th wk. Mean serum gastrin concentrations in six puppies were greater than values for adult dogs, attaining a preweaning maximum on the 9th day.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Trace minerals.

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Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Determination of newborn special care bed requirements by application of queuing theory to 1975-1976 morbidity experience.

The movement of newborn infants from the delivery room of a level III perinatal center to nursing units that provided different levels of care was prospectively documented for 1975 and 1976. These data were employed in a computer modeling experiment based on sequential queuing theory to determine the relationships between numbers of available intermediate and maximum care nursery beds, the probability that a given newborn arrival could not be accommodated, and the occupancy rates for each level of care. The nursery bed requirements for the level III center were used to estimate the number of special care beds needed by the regional Health Service Area.

Bed Occupancy↗
PubMed1978

Effect of uterine artery insulin infusions on umbilical glucose uptake in sheep.

Although glucose is an important fuel for fetal oxidative metabolism, regulation of its availability to the mammalian fetus is poorly understood. This study was performed to determine the effect of infusions of insulin into the uterine arterial circulation on umbilical uptake of glucose in chronically instrumented, unstressed sheep. Twenty-eight determinations of umbilical glucose uptake and diffusion clearance of glucose by the placenta were made in four ewes. Immediately following a control study during which saline was infused into the uterine artery, porcine regular insulin diluted in saline was infused at 0.05 to 8.1 mU/min . kg uterine weight for 20--30 min and the determinations were repeated. Subsequent studies were performed at the conclusion of additional infusions of insulin to a maximum of 21.6 mU/min . kg. There was a significant increase in umbilical glucose uptake during initial insulin infusions (4.47 +/- 0.6 mg/min . kg fetus) compared to the control studies (3.08 +/- 0.6 mg/min . kg) associated with an increase in diffusion clearance (13.8 +/- 1.9 ml/min . kg fetus vs. 8.99 +/- 1.8 ml/min . kg). When the total cumulative dose of exogenous insulin, It, was 162 mU/kg uterine weight or less, the umbilical uptake of glucose, Q, may be expressed as a function of maternal arterial blood glucose concentration in milligrams per dl, [A], and of It.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Human colostral cytotoxicity: I. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against Herpes simplex viral-infected cells mediated by colostral cells.

Human colostral cells in combination with antibody were able to destroy Herpes simplex virus-infected cells (Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity--ADCC) while demonstrating very low spontaneous (non-antibody mediated) cytotoxicity (SCT). The colostral cells involved in ADCC required a high effector to target ratio, were mononuclear, adherent and totally inhibited by latex particles. These results demonstrate that a subpopulation of human colostral macrophages can mediate ADCC against virus-infected target cells. The biologic implications of intact colostral cell ADCC and low SCT in regard to protecting the neonate from infection and maternal cell mediated gastrointestinal damage are discussed.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1977

Osmolalities of infant formulas.

The osmolalities of breast milk and of 36 products that may be fed to infants were determined by the freezing-point depression method. A wide range of osmolality was observed among formulas that provide 67 kcal/100 ml, and many have osmolalities greater than 400 mOsm/kg of water. Reconstituted powdered formulas have osmolalities that are widely varied from batch to batch, are greater when prepared by scoop measures when the osmolalities of corresponding ready-to-feed formulas, and are greater than the osmolalities of the formulas prepared by weighed measures from the manufacturer's formulation. The osmolality of products for oral consumption should be considered in the selection of formulas for preterm infants.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in neonates with pneumothorax or atelectasis.

Nine episodes of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion occurred in five newborn infants following atelectasis or pneumothorax. All infants had pre-existing lung disease and were being treated with positive pressure ventilation. The mean interval between acute atelectasis or pneumothorax and the development of diagnostic hyponatremia, hypo-osmolal serum, hyperosmolal urine, and oliguria was 13.4 hours. Fluid restriction and removal of the triggering event resulted in resolution of the abnormalities within 1.5 to 4 days. Infants who develop atelectasis or pneumothorax should be evaluated for the subsequent occurrence of SIADH; the administration of a water load to them may result in dilutional hyponatremia, for which fluid restriction, not sodium infusion, is the proper therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Congenital torsion of the penis in father-son pairs.

Congenital torsion of the penis was observed in 5 newborns, 3 of whom had fathers with torsion of the penis. We believe that this common benign condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1977

Rapid karyotypic diagnosis of a case of trisomy 18 in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Recent modifications in the technic of bone marrow preparation for karyotypic analysis permit confirmation of chromosomal aneuploidy such as trisomy 13, 18, or 21 within two to four hours. The patient reported illustrates how the technic of bone marrow karyotyping may assist the pediatrician in treating an acutely ill newborn, in accurately counseling parents, and in selecting with them an appropriate course of management.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1976

Effect of estradiol-17beta on blood flow to reproductive and nonreproductive tissues in pregnant ewes.

The effect of estradiol-17beta (1 mug per kilogram) on regional blood flow and cardiac output was studied by means of radionuclide-labeled microspheres in 6 nonpregnant and 13 pregnant ewes five to seven days after operation. Estradiol caused vasodilation in myometrium, endometrium, and placental cotyledons throughout pregnancy, but these responses were significantly less than the fifteenfold increase seen in the nonpregnant uterine tissues. Significant vasodilation also occurred in the ovaries, cervix, vagina, uterine tubes, mammary gland, skin, and adrenal glands of pregnant ewes. Cardiac output increased by 14%. No significant change in uterine oxygen consumption was associated with the increase in blood flow to the pregnant uterus.

Adrenal Glands↗