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Biomedical subjects

F H Kratzer

Publications and source records attributed to F H Kratzer.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Methionine toxicity in chicks and poults.

In feeding experiments with poults, 2% DL-methionine caused a marked growth depression which could be alleviated by the addition of glycine. Homocystine at an equimolar level depressed growth to a lesser degree than methionine, and this growth depression could be alleviated by glycine. Betaine could alleviate the growth depression of homocystine but not that of methionine. Methionine-fed poults developed a cervical paralysis similar to that of a folic acid deficiency, but the addition of this vitamin at several times the requirement was ineffective in counteracting the toxicity of methionine in either chicks or poults.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effects of dietary protein, glycine, and tryptophan on iron metabolism in the growing chick.

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding diets low in protein, glycine, or tryptophan on iron metabolism in the growing chick. Three-day-old chicks, which were fed the experimental diets to 2 weeks of age, were given orally a solution of 59FeSO4 in order to determine the percentage of iron absorbed and excreted (determined by the fecal recovery method) and iron utilized and stored (determined by the radioactivity retained per unit liver, gastrocnemius muscle, and whole blood) 7 days post dose administration. The feeding of diets low in protein (5.4%, 8.5%, or 10.8%) or tryptophan (0.12%) but adequate in iron to growing chicks caused: a marked reduction in growth, rate of erthropoiesis, and percentage iron absorption; an excessive increase in iron deposited in the liver and muscle, and percentage iron collected in the excreta; and anemia which was attributed to the deficiency of protein or tryptophan respectively, in the diets fed. The feeding of diets low in glycine (0.33%) but adequate in iron caused: a marked reduction in growth and percentage iron, absorption, and a transitory increase in percentage of iron excreted without causing anemia or affecting the distribution of absorbed iron in liver, muscle and blood. The total plasma protein concentration was reduced in protein deficient chicks, but was not affected by a tryptophan or glycine deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Lack of effect of ascorbic and citric acids on calcium metabolism of chickens.

Five experiments were carried out in which various levels of calcium and ascorbic acid or citric acid were fed to adult male chickens, young chickens, or young coturnix. Observations were made on body weight, feed efficiency, plasma calcium and tibia mineral content. One percent dietary ascorbic acid had no adverse effect on body weight, tibia ash or tibia calcium content of adult male chickens over a 224-day period, even at calcium levels as low as 0.026% of the diet. In growing chicks, body weight and plasma calcium and tibia mineral content varied with the calcium level of the diet, but were not influenced by ascorbic acid even at 0.65% of the diet. Citric acid at the same molar level was also ineffective in altering calcium metabolism in growing chickens. Growing coturnix showed differences in growth and tibia ash content with 0.4% and 0.85% calcium, but there were no pronounced effects caused by dietary ascorbic acid. There is no evidence in this work that these relatively high levels of ascorbic acid or citric acid have any adverse effect on calcium metabolism because of their chelating properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The folacin requirements of broiler chicks and quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

Six experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary composition on the folacin requirement of broiler chicks and to determine the folacin requirement of growing Japanese quail. The folacin requirement of both chicks and quail could not be determined when an isolated soybean protein based diet containing 0.44 mg. folacin per kilogram was used. Dietary composition affects folacin requirement of growing broiler chicks. Three values for the folacin requirement of growing broiler chicks were determined when three different basal diets were fed. With a low-glycine, casein based diet, growth was limited more by glycine than folic acid which improved growth only at 1.69 mg./kg. When 0.7% glycine was added to this casein diet, the folacin requirement was determined to be between 0.34 and 0.49 mg./kg. diet. However, with a casein-gelatin based diet, the folacin requirement was found to be between 0.12 and 0.27 mg./kg diet. Folacin deficiency in growing Japanese quail caused poor feathering, high mortality, leg weakness and cervical paralysis. A curly-toe system was observed in coturnix chicks fed low levels of folacin and might also be a consequence of folacin deficiency. The folacin requirement of growing Japanese quail was found to be 0.30 to 0.36 mg./kg. diet when a casein-gelatin based diet was fed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effect of dietary vanadium on fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and turnover in the chick.

Day-old male, broiler type chicks were used to study the effect of 100 ppm dietary vanadium on fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and turnover in vivo. After feeding the experimental diets for 4 weeks body weight and liver weight of chicks fed 100 ppm vanadium were significantly less than those of the control chicks and liver total lipid and cholesterol tended to be slightly higher than the levels of the control chicks. [1-14C] Acetate was administered intravenously and the specific activities of plasma and liver total lipid, cholesterol and fatty acid were determined at 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 15.0 hours after the injection. Plasma total lipid and cholesterol were significantly higher than the levels in the control chicks. The rate of incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into plasma and liver total lipid, cholesterol and fatty acid was higher in chicks fed vanadium than the control group at any of the time being tested after the injection. There was a significant increase in the hepatic citrate cleavage enzyme activity among chicks fed 100 ppm vanadium, whereas, there was no significant change in acetate thiokinase activity. Turnover rate of plasma total lipid and fatty acid in vanadium fed chicks was lower than the control. The turnover rate of plasma cholesterol determined by administering [4-14C]cholesterol and periodically measuring the specific activity of plasma cholesterol was higher in chicks fed vanadium than in those fed the basal diet.

ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase↗
PubMed1976

The effect of a low energy diet on the concentration of DDT in the adipose tissue of turkeys.

Turkey hens which had completed a breeding season and contained DDT in their fat were divided into 2 groups of 20 hens each. One group was fed a high wheat control diet throughout a 6 week period while another group was fed a low energy diet for 3 weeks and then the control diet for 3 weeks. Biopsy samples of adipose tissue taken initially and at 3 weeks and carcass adipose tissue samples of 6 weeks were analyzed for DDT and DDE. Total DDT concentration in adipose tissue increased when the hens were fed the low energy diet but decreased again when fed the control diet so that the overall change in DDT concentration over the 6 week period was not different for the two groups. The biopsy technique used in this study was successful in greatly reducing variability and improving precision.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1976

Effect of dietary ascorbic acid on iron utilization in the growing chick.

Day-old male broiler chicks were fed for three weeks a purified casein diet with the addition of different levels of iron and ascorbic acid. Dietary ascorbic acid fed at 0.4% increased the hemoglobin concentration and total body iron retention when the diets fed were low in iron (23 p.p.m.). At 0.1% level in the diet, ascorbic acid caused an increase in total body iron retention in chicks fed diets marginal in iron (40 p.p.m.) and did not affect either parameter in chicks fed diets adequate in iron (100 p.p.m.).

Animals↗
PubMed1976

An abnormal requirement for iron in dystrophic chickens.

Dystrophic chickens which were fed 1% or 1.5% Na2 EDTA developed white feathers and showed lower hematocrit and hemoglobin values than normal New Hampshire chickens. These abnormalities may be corrected by adding dietary iron, indicating that chickens with hereditary m uscular dystrophy have a higher dietary requirement for iron than normal chickens. No differences were found in the utilization of 59Fe.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effect of diet on the toxicity of vanadium.

Five experiments were conducted with growing chicks to determine the effectiveness of various materials in modifying the toxicity of vanadium. The toxicity of vanadium (as it is measured by growth depression and mortality) was much greater when vanadium was added to a semipurified diet than when it was added to a practical diet containing natural ingredients. When EDTA was added to diets containing 50 to 200 p.p.m. vanadium, the growth depression was reduced from 22.1% and 75.9% to 8.4% and 36.7% respectively, and the mortality was reduced from 80% to 20% among chicks fed 200 p.p.m. vanadium. The addition of 10% lactose to a diet containing 100 p.p.m. vanadium increased the growth depression from 41% to 76.2% and caused 80% mortality. Chromium added to diets containing 100 and 200 p.p.m. vanadium improved the growth and reduced the mortality.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1976

The effect of pharmacological levels of dietary vanadium on the egg production, shell thickness and egg yolk cholesterol in laying hens and coturnix.

The addition of 100 p.p.m. of vanadium to a ration for White Leghorn laying hens caused a significant increase (p less than 0.01) in the egg shell thickness, but did not cause any significant change in the production, egg weight or egg ypok cholesterol content. The addition of 300 p.p.m. of vanadium caused a severe depression in the egg production which was the only symptom of vanadium toxicity to be observed. The addition of 50, 100, 200 or 300 p.p.m. vanadium to the ration of laying coturnix did not cause any significant change in egg production, egg weight, or egg yolk cholesterol content. The addition of the same levels of vanadium to one-day old male coturnix chicks did not cause any significant growth depression or mortality. We suggest that coturnix may be more resistant to vanadium toxicity than chickens.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effect of arginine deficiency on normal and dystrophic chickens.

Normal and genetically dystrophic chickens were fed diets deficient in arginine or further aggravated by the addition of lysine. Growth of dystrophic chicks is depressed less by a deficiency of arginine than that of normal chicks. Muscular ability of dystrophic chicks was improved by feeding them an arginine deficient diet but this effect may be related to the size of the bird. The total creatinine content of the pectoral muscle of dystrophic chicks was reduced more with a deficiency of arginine than was that of normal chickens.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Characterization and growth-depressing activity for chickens of several natural phenolic materials.

Several natural phenolic materials were analyzed for gallic acid and were further characterized for dialyzability and flavonoid content. These materials were added to a diet and fed to broiler strain chicks for 4 weeks. The depression in growth caused by these phenolic materials was compared with that of tannic acid on a gallic acid equivalency basis. The activities relative to tannic acid (congruent to 100) were as follows: methyl gallate, 195; valonia, 117; wattle, 114; allepo tannic acid, 107; eucalyptus, 105, myrobalan, 98; tara crystals, 76; mangrove, 72; quebracho, 39; gallic acid, and ellagic acid, O. It was impossible to clearly relate the growth depressing activity of the materials to hydrolyzability or relative content of smaller phenols.

Animals↗