Retroviruses in Kaposi-sarcoma cells in AIDS.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Biomedical subjects
F Gyorkey
Publications and source records attributed to F Gyorkey.
Herpesviridae in the endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the proximal aorta in arteriosclerotic patients.
Punch-biopsy specimens were obtained from uninvolved areas of the proximal aorta of each of 60 patients with atherosclerosis undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Electron microscopic study of the smooth muscle and endothelial cells of the aortas showed cellular hyperplasia, nuclear and nucleolar atypia. Virions of the Herpesviridae family were observed in ten of the patients. They were detected in occasional smooth muscle and rare endothelial cells. Specimens were taken from three separate sites of each aorta and distributed into five blocks for each patient. In only a single block from each of the ten positive patients could virus be identified. Nine of the ten virus-positive patients also exhibited intracytoplasmic microtubular inclusions. In four patients only the microtubular inclusions were seen. Microcapillaries were observed in the midportion of the media, which we consider to be an attempt of a repair process.
Adult↗
Immunofluorescence studies on proteins B23 and C23 in nucleoli of human lymphocytes.
Nucleoli of normal and leukemic lymphocytes were studied by cytochemical and immunofluorescence methods to provide more information on the nucleolar presence and distribution of proteins B23 and C23. Annular nucleoli of human lymphocytes represent a very convenient subject for such studies, since they consist of one centrally located large fibrillar center surrounded by RNP components. In such nucleoli, protein C23 was present mainly in the central nucleolar region and protein B23 was found mostly in the periphery. The nucleolar area immunostained for protein B23 was usually larger than that stained for protein C23. The distribution of protein C23 appeared to be similar to that of intensely stained nucleolar argyrophilic components. No substantial differences were found between the distribution of proteins B23 and C23 in nucleoli of normal and leukemic lymphocytes. In lymphocytes of patients treated with chemotherapy, the immunofluorescence was diminished for protein B23 and particularly so for protein C23.
Cell Nucleolus↗
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: postmortem findings.
The autopsies of 13 male homosexuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reviewed. All patients had laboratory evidence of cellular immune dysfunction. The most common diagnoses made were disseminated cytomegalovirus infection in 12 patients and Kaposi's sarcoma in 10. All patients infected with cytomegalovirus had pulmonary compromise. The adrenal glands and gastrointestinal tract also were involved often by cytomegalovirus. Cytomegalovirus infection of organs uncommonly affected such as heart, meninges, cerebrum, and peripheral nerves was documented in two patients. Skin most frequently was involved by Kaposi's sarcoma, followed by gastrointestinal tract and lymph nodes. Two patients had visceral and/or nodal Kaposi's sarcoma with no skin compromise. Other important diagnoses were Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cryptosporidiosis, fungal infections, toxoplasmosis, and brain lymphoma. The cause of death was due to one or more infections in most patients. Kaposi's sarcoma did not contribute substantially to the cause of death, except in one patient with massive multifocal and multiorgan involvement.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae are unencapsulated both in vivo and in vitro.
Some investigators have suggested that nontypable Haemophilus influenzae isolated from sputum of adults with pneumonia are variant forms of typable H influenzae that have lost their capsule during passage in vitro. We examined colonies of both typable and nontypable H influenzae after they had been grown in vitro, as well as bronchopulmonary secretions from patients with pneumonia or acute, purulent tracheobronchitis due to H influenzae; electron microscopy combined with ruthenium-red staining was used to detect the presence of capsular glycocalyx. H influenzae types a, b, and e', whether grown in vitro or observed directly in bronchopulmonary secretions, had readily detectable capsular glycocalyx external to the cell membrane. In contrast, non-typable H influenzae appeared to be unencapsulated after cultivation in vitro or when directly visualized in bronchopulmonary secretions of infected patients.
Bronchitis↗
Reduction in risk of hepatitis transmission by heat-treatment of a human Factor VIII concentrate.
A human Factor VIII concentrate containing both a non-A, non-B hepatitis agent and 300 or 30,000 chimpanzee infectious doses of added hepatitis B virus (HBV) was heated to 60 C in the lyophilized state for more than 10 hr. None of the four test chimpanzees that received the heated concentrate developed biochemical or ultrastructural evidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis, whereas both control animals receiving unheated product acquired the disease four to five weeks after infusion. In one of these animals the alanine aminotransferase level remained elevated, a finding indicating unresolved or persistent liver disease. Challenge inoculations with unheated Factor VIII base product (without HBV) resulted in the development of non-A, non-B hepatitis in one of two chimpanzees that previously received the heated product. Hepatitis B infection developed in the control animal that resolved its non-A, non-B hepatitis infection but not in the non-A, non-B hepatitis carrier chimpanzee. Both chimpanzees receiving the heated Factor VIII containing 300 chimpanzee infectious doses of HBV failed to develop hepatitis B until 32 and 40 weeks postinoculation, whereas the two chimpanzees that received heated concentrate containing 30,000 infectious doses of HBV became infected within the expected time. Product characterization and human safety trials have revealed no significant difference between the heated and unheated Factor VIII lots and recovery of product has been exceptionally good.
Alanine Transaminase↗
Potassium retention in membraneless thymus lymphocyte nuclei.
Nonionic detergents, Triton X-100 and Brij 58, removed lipoid membranes of suspended thymus lymphocytes within 5 minutes. The mobilization and solubilization of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins occurred much faster (less than 5 minutes) with Triton X-100 treatment than with Brij 58 treatment (less than 10 minutes). In Triton X-100 treated cells the loss of K+ was complete within 5 minutes whereas with Brij 58 treatment the K+ loss was not complete after 10 minutes. Thus, the high concentration of K+ and the low concentration of Na+ in the nuclei can remain near normal for minutes in the absence of membrane structures. If the ions were in free solution within the cells, disruption of membrane integrity should lead to equilibration of the ions with external media within seconds. The decrease of K+ in the Brij 58 treated cells with exposure time was correlated with the solubilization of the proteins. These results support the view that K+ and Na+ are not freely dissolved in the cellular water, but are co-compartmentalized with proteins inside the living cell.
Animals↗
IgA nephropathy in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis and a solitary kidney.
We describe a patient with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriasis who was found to have IgA nephropathy in a solitary kidney. Renal biopsy demonstrated mesangial proliferation and interstitial nephritis with mesangial deposition of IgA. Although the renal disease and the rheumatic disease could have been present together by chance association, evidence is presented to suggest a possible common pathogenesis.
Glomerulonephritis↗
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and human malignant tumor nucleolar antigens (HMTNA) in nucleoli of human hematological malignancies.
Lymphoma (Lymphocytic non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma) and leukemic (chronic lymphocytic, acute and chronic myeloid, myelomonocytic leukemia) cells were studied by indirect immunofluorescence to evaluate the presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and human malignant tumor nuclear antigen (HMTNA) in their nucleoli. Most cells in lymph node smears of lymphocytic non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (NHML) developed a bright nucleolar fluorescence with HMTNA antibodies. PCNA was detected in nucleoli of a limited number of cells which apparently represent the proliferating cell population in these lymphomas. Similarly, in the bone marrow smears of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia most cells possessed a nucleolar fluorescence for HMTNA and PCNA was present in nucleoli of a limited number of cells. In the bone marrow smears of patients with myeloid or myelomonocytic leukemias most blastic or monocytoid cells also developed a bright nucleolar fluorescence with HMTNA antibodies and PCNA was present only in a small percentage of these cells. Leukemic cells with PCNA in their nucleoli like thekhuntigen might represent a proliferating cell population in late G1-early S phase.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗
The interaction between Treponema pallidum and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
The interaction between polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) and Treponema pallidum was studied. Intradermal injection of greater than or equal to 10(6) T. pallidum into rabbits caused a rapid accumulation of PMNLs. Human serum released chemotaxigenic factor (C5a) during incubation in vitro with T. pallidum. Incubation of T. pallidum with human PMNLs in vitro (ratio, 100:1) stimulated chemiluminescence. These responses were dependent upon the presence of both antibody and complement and were greatest when serum from a patient with late secondary syphilis was used as a chemotaxigenic source or for opsonization. Electron microscopic studies documented the rapid uptake of T. pallidum into membrane-bound vacuoles in the human PMNLs in vitro after incubation for as little as 5 min, with leukocyte degranulation and loss of treponemal integrity observed after 4 hr. T. pallidum were found within PMNLs 3 hr after intradermal inoculation of rabbits. These data show that PMNLs are attracted to, and appear to ingest, T. pallidum, but they fail to explain why inoculation of these organisms is not followed by eradication.
Animals↗
Spectrum of central nervous system complications in homosexual men with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Niacin hepatitis.
We report a case of severe liver injury occurring on two occasions in a patient ingesting large doses of nicotinic acid. The liver architecture was markedly distorted, with both massive and submassive lobular collapse and marked cholestasis. Complete resolution of biochemical and histologic abnormalities occurred after withdrawal of these drugs.
Adult↗
Tuboreticular structures in Kaposi's sarcoma.
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Cytoplasm↗
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura complicating Legionnaires' disease.
A case of Legionella pneumophila infection complicated by thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was confirmed at autopsy by the demonstration of the organism in lung tissue, and by the finding of widespread intravascular and subendothelial thrombi associated with microinfarctions in all major organs examined. In addition to the typical hematologic abnormalities of TTP, the patient was found to have a low serum C3 level and elevated levels of immune complexes as measured by the liquid phase C1q binding assay. We suggest that the L pneumophilia infection caused endothelial damage and/or platelet aggregation, perhaps as a consequence of complement activation, thus initiating the sequence of events leading to extensive microvascular thromboses.
Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
Detection of a serum DNA-binding protein associated with cancer.
An accompanying report describes the purification and partial characterization of a unique DNA-binding protein (Mr 64,000; pI 5.9) that is present in human sera. This report gives the results of assays of sera from patients for the bleomycin inhibitor protein (BIP) using the Pseudomonas bacteriophage covalently closed circular DNA fluorescence technique standardized for DNA breakage induced by bleomycin. The results of the BIP assays were expressed by values of specific activity of inhibition. One arbitrary unit of inhibitory activity was defined as equivalent to the amount of serum protein required to cause 50% inhibition of DNA degradation using standard conditions of the DNA breakage assay. The mean values of specific activity of inhibition (SAI) for groups of healthy individuals (n = 26), patients with nonmalignant diseases (n = 33), and patients with malignant diseases (n = 83) were 12.60 +/- 4.69 (S.E.), 12.53 +/- 3.17, and 2.40 +/- 0.84 units/mg, respectively. Mean SAI values for patients with cancers of various types were: solid tumors (n = 46), 2.44 +/- 0.86; leukemias (n = 24), 2.59 +/- 0.96; and lymphomas (n = 18), 2.07 +/- 0.64. The decrease in BIP activity was not correlated with sex, age, or prior chemotherapy. Mean SAI values of male (n = 29) and female (n = 59) patients with cancer were 2.61 +/- 0.87 and 2.30 +/- 0.83 units/mg, respectively. Mean SAI values for different age groups were: 0 to 40 years (n = 21), 2.05 +/- 0.68 units/mg; 41 to 70 years (n = 56), 2.59 +/- 0.68 units/mg; and greater than 70 years (n = 11), 2.12 +/- 0.67 units/mg. Cancer patients with and without prior chemotherapy had mean SAI values of 2.97 +/- 0.85 (n = 23) and 2.20 +/- 0.86 units/mg (n = 65), respectively. Linear regression analysis comparing SAI values and serum protein levels showed no correlation (r = 0.21). These results suggest the decrease of the BIP is associated with malignant disease. Additional controlled studies are required before the significance of this association can be adequately assessed.
Adolescent↗
Prospective evaluation of biopsy number in the diagnosis of esophageal and gastric carcinoma.
A prospective trial was performed in which biopsy and cytology specimens were obtained on 202 consecutive patients including 47 with esophageal or gastric carcinomas. The first biopsy specimen yielded a correct diagnosis in the majority of instances: 70% of gastric carcinomas and 93% of esophageal carcinomas. Three additional biopsy specimens increased the yield to greater than 95%, a total of seven biopsy specimens yielded greater than 98%. Seven biopsy and cytology specimens yielded the correct diagnosis in all patients. Seventeen percent of all lesions subsequently proven to be malignant were thought to be benign, endoscopically. This reinforces the belief that all lesions seen at endoscopy should have biopsies performed and at least seven specimens should be obtained.
Biopsy↗
Human malignancy-associated nucleolar antigen (HuMANA) and zinc in human prostatic tissues.
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Adenocarcinoma↗
Serum level of alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase in myocardial infarction in man.
alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, a lysosomal enzyme essential for the degradation of heparin sulfate, was measured in the sera of normal individuals and of 19 patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Normal individuals maintained a constant level of this enzyme from day to day. In contrast, patients with MI had a 2-3 fold elevation of this enzyme as early as 2 hr after MI. This elevation persisted at least until the creatine phosphokinase-MB had attained maximum activity, usually 6-23 hr after MI and then gradually decreased, returning to normal levels 3-5 days later.
Acetylglucosaminidase↗