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Biomedical subjects

F Gossé

Publications and source records attributed to F Gossé.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Derivatives of plant beta-glucans are hydrolyzed by intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase of mammals.

Laminaribiose and gentiobiose, two O-beta-linked disaccharides deriving from plant beta-glucans, were found to be hydrolyzed in the rat small intestine by an enzyme anchored into the brush border membrane of the enterocytes. Immunological and biochemical data, together with the developmental pattern of expression, support that this activity is carried out by the bifunctional enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of lactose and glycosylceramides: the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on degradation of sucrase-isomaltase in rat jejunoileum.

During the degradation of intestinal sucrase-isomaltase by pancreatic proteinases, degradation of sucrase-active site precedes that of the isomaltase-active site in rats. In the present paper, we demonstrate that the extent of degradation of sucrase-isomaltase is altered by dietary manipulation in vivo. Adult rats were starved for 24 h and received either a standard diet (20 cal% protein, 55% carbohydrate) or an isocaloric high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet (70 cal% protein, 5% carbohydrate). Animals were killed 15 h after the refeeding. In rats fed a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet, luminal trypsin activity was three times higher than controls, and sucrase activity in proximal ileum was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than controls, whereas isomaltase activity was similar in both groups. In proximal jejunum, luminal trypsin activity was remarkably lower (P less than 0.01) than in proximal ileum in both groups; sucrase and isomaltase activity was similar in both groups. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that a degradation product of sucrase-isomaltase, i.e., isomaltase monomer, was present in a larger amount in rats fed a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. In rats with bypassed pancreatic ducts, the amount of this degradation product was decreased and effect of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet was abolished. Experiments with a sequential isolation of epithelial cells of proximal ileum revealed that sucrase activity was decreased along the entire height of the villus in animals fed a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Short-term effect of a high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet on aminopeptidase in adult rat jejunoileum. Site of aminopeptidase response.

The short-term effects of high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet on aminopeptidase N activity were studied in the brush-border membranes of proximal jejunum and proximal ileum of adult rats. The animals were starved overnight and re-fed for 15 h either with a standard diet (20% protein, 55% carbohydrate, in terms of energy content) or with a high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet of equal energy content (70% protein, 5% carbohydrate). All rats consumed similar amounts of diet, and measurements were made 15 h after initiation of re-feeding. In the proximal jejunum a slight increase in aminopeptidase activity was observed after the high-protein intake. In contrast, considerable stimulation (52%) of the enzyme specific activity was obtained in the proximal ileum. This increase in ileal aminopeptidase activity was more prominent in the mature cells of the upper villus. To determine if the increase of aminopeptidase activity was due to an increased amount of enzyme protein, rocket immunoelectrophoresis was performed with detergent-solubilized brush-border protein from ileum on agarose gels containing anti-(rat brush-border) antiserum. When the same amount of enzyme activity was loaded on the gels, the peaks of immunoprecipitate for aminopeptidase were similar for animals fed on a standard or a high-protein diet. When the same amount of protein was loaded, the peak of immunoprecipitate for aminopeptidase was higher (81%) after a high-protein diet. These results showed that the high protein intake evoked an increase in aminopeptidase activity, with a concomitant increase in the amount of immunoreactive protein.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiologic and computerized tomography evaluation of pedicle screw placement in lumbar spondylodesis].

PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of a standard roentgenogram for the placement control of pedicle screws following spinal fusion. METHOD: From 1995 to 1997 we performed computed tomography (CT) after material removal following lumbar and lumbosacral spinal fusion in 16 patients. We compared the placement of the 76 pedicle screws in plain X-rays after spinal fusion with their appearance on CT. A correct placement was defined as no penetration of the pedicle cortex, no contact of the lateral or ventral cortex of the vertebral body or joint, and a sufficient screw length. RESULTS: We found correct placement of 58 screws (76.3%) on the standard roentgenogram, whereas by CT only 46 (60.5%) were placed correctly. The results of both radiological examinations correlated (correct/incorrect placement) for only 54 screws (71.1%). A penetration of the ventral cortex of the vertebral body in 21 cases (27.6%) was identified in only 11 screws (14.5%) on the postoperative X-rays. The two radiological methods in this instance correlated for 62 screws (81.6%). CONCLUSION: The value of postoperative standard roentgenogram for the placement control of pedicle screws following spinal fusion is low. By this method possible contact with the aorta, vena cava, dura or vertebral joint cannot sufficiently be excluded.

Bone Screws↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Secondary operations for improving shoulder function after brachial plexus lesion].

UNLABELLED: The results of an integrated concept of therapy are presented including a description of indications and the various operative procedures to compensate insufficient shoulder muscles following brachial plexus lesion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: To improve stability and function of the shoulder in case of deltoid and supraspinatus paralysis 12 patients (1 female; 11 male; average age 29.4 years, range 17 to 56 years) underwent a shoulder arthrodesis. In 54 patients (11 female; 43 male; average age 30.3 years, range 18 to 69 years) a trapezius transfer was performed. The indication for a rotation osteotomy of the humerus to improve loss of external rotation due to paralytic infraspinatus muscle was determined in 4 male patients (average age 29.8 years, range 16 to 42 years). Our results are based upon an average follow-up of 2.0 (0.5-7.5) years after shoulder fusion, 1.9 (0.5-4.5) years after trapezius transfer and 1.6 (0.5-3.5) years after rotation osteotomy of the humerus. RESULTS: The trapezius transfer resulted in increased function of abduction of 6.2 degrees to 37.1 degrees (5 degrees-80 degrees) and forward flexion of 15.1 degrees to 36.2 degrees (10 degrees-90 degrees). A more stable condition of multidirectional shoulder instability was experienced by 50 patients (92.6%) and 49 patients (90.7%) were subjectively satisfied with the outcome of the operation. The strength and extent of functional improvement was, on average, greater following shoulder arthrodesis: abduction of 9.6 degrees to 65 degrees (40 degrees-90), forward flexion of 15.4 degrees to 59.2 degrees (30 degrees-90 degrees). 10 patients (83.3%) were subjectively satisfied with the outcome. Patients who had undergone external rotation osteotomy showed an average deficiency of external rotation of 20 degrees before operation. After osteotomy an improvement of 32.5 degrees to 12.5 degrees external rotation was achieved. All patients were satisfied with the increase of function. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with brachial plexus palsy, secondary operations according to the individual pattern of paralysis result in an improvement of shoulder function and stability as well as patients satisfaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Destruction of the gliding inlay of a hip endoprosthesis caused by intra-articular cement particles].

In this case study of a 78-year-old female with a Hybrid-TEP prosthesis, extensive damage of the polyethylene inlay and strong foreign-body reaction in the neighboring soft tissue were seen four years following implantation. The introduction of just a few cement particles during implantation of hip prosthesis may lead to considerable damage of especially the polyethylene cup as well as the metal backing component. Wear particles from the prosthesis then can lead to unfavorable reactions within the surrounding tissue, including resorption of bone in the femoral neck and consequent loosening of the implant. Critical to the success of hip prosthesis implantation is a clean cementing technique.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Angiological complications following high tibial head correcting osteotomy--a case report].

Vascular complications following orthopedic procedures at the lower extremity are mainly thrombotic or thromboembolic events. Damages to vascular structures during operations close to the knee joint, like injuries of the popliteal artery, are extremely rare and receive a reserved consideration in the evaluation of postoperative complications. The extent of the vessel injury affects the grade of clinical symptoms-from acute arterial bleeding as far as slowly developing disturbances of haemodynamic, with effects to the different functions and pattern of the concerned tissues. Arterial bleeding into muscle compartments do not necessarily appear as an acute emergency, therefore it may occasionally be difficult to place the clinical symptoms into the right context of pathophysiological processes. In the present case a deep vein thrombosis of the affected extremity was initiated by a haemorrhage into the fossa popliteal and the compartments of the lower leg after injury of the popliteal artery. Subsequently a compartment syndrome, a false aneurysm of the popliteal artery and an arteriovenous fistula from popliteal artery into a lower leg vein developed.

Aneurysm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Perthes disease--results of a containment-oriented therapy concept].

INTRODUCTION: In a retrospective study a treatment concept for Perthes' disease dependent on the containment was applied. PATIENTS/METHODS: 49 hips of 41 children (9 female, 32 male) were treated between 01. 01. 1990 and 31. 12. 1995. In our concept of treatment a varus femoral osteotomy was performed in 28 cases with not contained hips or less than 4/5 coverage of the femoral head (X-ray/MRI). The other 21 well contained hips with 4/5 coverage or more were treated conservatively with physiotherapy and in case of joint effusion and pain additionally with the use of crutches (partial weight bearing) and anti-inflammatory medication. The average age in the non-operative group at the time of first investigation was 4 years and 9 months (3 y./1 m. to 7 y./1 m.) and 6 years and 3 months (4 y/2 m. to 10 y/0 m.) at our last examination (mean follow up 17.7 months, range of 6 to 72 months). At the time of indication for a varus femoral osteotomy the patients had an average age 6 years and 1 month (3 y./6 m. to 10 y./2 m.), the mean age at the last postoperative examination was 7 years and 11 months (4 y./8 m. to 12 y./5 m.) with an average follow up of 21.5 months (6 to 77 months). RESULTS: For the conservatively treated children we achieved good results (still well contained hips with 4/5 coverage, no decrease of function, no increase of pain) in 85.7% (18 of 21 cases). In 85.7% (24 of 28 cases) we found good results (well contained hips, increase of coverage, no decrease of function, no increase of pain) in the operation group. CONCLUSIONS: The presented concept of therapy in Perthes' disease was practicable for all patients and included the possibility of decision for operative or non-operative treatment. In both groups we achieved good results in 85.7% of the cases.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrasound hip joint screening in newborn infants. Correlation of anamnestic risk factors and hip dysplasia].

BACKGROUND: Congenital dysplasia of the hip (CDH) is the most frequent inborn deformity of the locomotor apparatus. Hereditary, pelvic respectively breech presentation or abdominal delivery, premature as well as post-term birth and twin pregnancy are considered to be anamnestic risk factors for congenital dysplasia of the hip. The results of ultrasound hip screening from July 87 until December 94 are presented with special regard to the correlation of these risk factors and the occurrence of pathologic hips. PATIENTS: 19 different orthopaedic surgeons examined the hips of 3739 newborns (female: 1837-49.1%; male: 1902-50.9%) by ultrasound (screening). 96% of the examinations were performed within a period of 5 days after birth, in a few cases the babies were up to 19 days old. METHOD: The ultrasound examinations, the assessment of the echograms and classification into types of hip were performed according to Graf's technique. Two types of ultrasonographs were used: SL-1, Siemens--5 MHz scanner; LSC 7500, Picker--7.5 MHz scanner). All investigations were assessed retrospectively over the period of time with the help of documentation forms (data of newborn baby, case history, clinical and sonographical findings, kind of therapy and procedure) and statistically checked (program SPSS 7.5, Chi-Quadrate-Test, logistic regression). RESULTS: In 239 children (6.4%) we found hips required therapy respectively control investigations (type IIa, alpha < 55 degrees or worse; Graf's classification). For the entire group we achieved the following types of hips (right/left side): Ia--214 (5.7%)/224 (6.0%); Ib--2069 (55.3%)/2008 (53.7%); IIa (> or = 55 degrees)--1318 (35.3%)/1322 (35.4%); IIa (< 55 degrees)--65 (1.7%)/74 (2.0%); IIc--45 (1.2%)/71 (1.9%); D--18 (0.5%)/30 (0.8%); IIIa--8 (0.2%)/7 (0.2%); IIIb--1 (< 0.1%)/2 (0.1%); IV--1 (< 0.1%)/1 (< 0.1%). With regard to the risk factors the distribution was as follows: hereditary--302 babies (8.1%), pelvic respectively breech presentation--149 (4%), abdominal delivery--359 (6.5%), premature birth--188 (5.0%), post-term birth--164 (4.4%), twin pregnancy--73 (2%). CONCLUSIONS: In newborn babies with cases of hip dysplasia in their family (heredity) and pelvic respectively breech presentation at birth we found a significant higher rate (p < 0.05) of hips required therapy respectively control investigations (type IIa, alpha < 55 degrees or worse; Graf's classification). Also, for girls and the left hip a significant higher rate was achieved. A correlation of the other mentioned risk factors abdominal delivery, premature and post-term birth as well as twin pregnancy was not evident.

Equipment Design↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bilateral habitual fibula head dislocation].

Dislocation of the fibular head is rare. In most of the cases a trauma caused by sports activity, sometimes associated with a tibia fracture, is described. Only a few publications exist about habitual dislocation of the fibular head without history of trauma. This article reports a case of bilateral habitual anterolateral dislocation of the fibular head in a 17-year-old female. There was no information about a neurological or other disease and no sign of generalized ligamentous laxity. Because of marked symptoms with severe pain after each sensation of dislocation which appeared several times a day, the patient was treated by using a part of the biceps tendon for fixation of the reduced fibular head.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Meniscus replacement using incongruent transplants--an experimental study].

The effect of incongruous medial meniscal grafts on the articular surface was studied. We compared the cartilage degeneration in 4 Groups of 25 sheep knees. The histological changes were graded according to the score of Mankin, the morphological alterations by the score of Jackson. In Group 1 no surgery was performed. In group 2, the meniscus was totally detached from its base at the capsule and refixed without changes in the congruity or isometry. This group provided the basic data. In group 3, the contralateral medial meniscus was used as a transplant by reversing it. The reattachment was done according to isometric conditions. With this technique only the congruity of the tibial and femoral surface was modified. In group 4, the medial meniscus was completely removed. The results of group 1 (Mankin grade 0.58; Jackson grade 0.00) and group 2 (grade 0.50 and 0.47) showed no difference. The highest degree of degenerative changes occurred in the meniscectomized knees (group 4, grade 4.47 and 1.73), however considerable changes were also found in the knees with an incongruous meniscal graft (group 3, grade 3.37 and 1.27). The results suggest that incongruous grafts will lead to degeneration of the articular surface but still have a chondroprotective effect.

Animals↗