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Biomedical subjects

F Girard

Publications and source records attributed to F Girard.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Secretion of a beta lipotropine type substances by a corticomelanotropic adenoma in Nelson's syndrome (author's transl)].

Using radioimmunoassay of human melanotropic hormone (beta-MSH), were studied in one female patient with Nelson's syndrome the properties of the immunoreactive beta-MSH (beta-MSH-IR) secreted in the circulation in vitro by a pituitary adenoma. With Sephadex G-50 gel, beta-MSH-IR of plasma or from a culture mediium is eluted in greater part in a volume corresponding to a molecular weight of some 6,000 to 10,000. In the radioimmunological systems employed, the dilution curve of beta-MSH-IR in a culture medium is not parallel to that of synthetic human beta-MSH; by contrast, it is parallel to that a lipotropine, purified human beta-LPH.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1977

Circadian rhythms in lung resistance and dynamic lung compliance of healthy children. Effects of two bronchodilators.

In two groups of healthy children synchronized with a diurnal activity (light-on at 07.00) and a nocturnal rest(light-off at 21.00), lug resistance (R1) and dynamic lung compliance (C1 dyn) were measured at fixed clock hours (07.30, 11.30, 16.30, 22.30). The measurements were performed before and 10 minutes after the inhalation of bronchodilators (a beta-sympathetic stimulating agent (orciprenaline, dose 2 mg) and a vagolytic agent (SCH 1000, doses 80 mug and 200 mug). A circadian rhythm is detected for R1 and C1 dyn and quantified by the cosinor method. R1 and C1 dyn acrophase (peak time in the 24-h scale) are not significantly different for both groups: they are located for R1 at 05.39 and 03.31, for C1 dyn at 09.31 and 12.51. R1 and C1 dyn circadian rhythms are not detectable both after 2 mg orciprenaline and 200 mug SCH 1000 inhalation. This chronopharmacologic effect of the bronchodilators might be considered indirect evidence of a circadian rhythm in the bronchial tone. This latter may be related to circadian changes in neurovegetative activity. A dose-effect difference of the vagolytic agent on R1 at night seems to indicate a relative nocturnal prominence of the vagal tone.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1977

Plasma aldosterone concentrations during the neonatal period.

The direct radioimmunoassay for plasma aldosterone (PA) set up in this laboratory has been reported elsewere. Subjects were 115 normal full term newborns and infants. During the first week of life, there was a wide dispersion in the PA levels (less than 1 - 445, n = 89), but on the whole these levels were high (greater than 6 ng/100 ml) and 35% were higher than those observed in children after stimulation (greater than 48 ng/100 ml). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between PA values and the day of sampling (P less than 0.01). In older infants, PA values were lower and the ranges narrower. A highly significant negative correlation was found between Na:K ratios and PA levels. The mean geometrical value for PA levels was 53 ng/100 ml vs. 1.012 for Na:K mean ratio. When related to weight variations, PA values were randomly distributed. No correlation was found between PA and sodium intakes. The daily urinary excretion of tetrahydroaldosterone and 3-oxoconjugate of aldosterone were lower per se, but when related to surface area, were found to be roughly 3-fold those of control adult subjects. We conclude that in the newborn, both the production and excretion of aldosterone are different than values in the adult and that responses to the regulation factors mentioned above are decreased.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Dynamics and characterization of plasma immunoreactive beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone in hemodialysis patients: its relationship to ACTH.

We studied the plasma immunoreactive beta-MSH ("beta-MSH") in hemodialysis patients to determine its basal level, plasma disappearance rate, gel filtration and immunological characteristics. All patients had increased plasma "beta-MSH" (90--440 pg/ml; normal less than 90 pg/ml). Plasma ACTH and cortisol values were within the normal range. Cortisol infusion over 2 h induced almost no plasma "beta-MSH" variation as compared to controls where "beta-MSH" decreased rapidly (apparent half-life 90 min.); more prolonged administration of corticosteroids (dexamethasone 0.5 mg every 6 h for two days) caused a slight (20%) but significant (P less than 0.001) decrease of "beta-MSH." On Sephadex G-50 endogenous "beta-MSH" eluted in a molecular weight range of 6,000--10,000. In our radioimmunoassay dilution curves of endogenous "beta-MSH" paralleled that of synthetic human beta-MSH, but not that of purified human beta-LPH. In conclusion, hemodialysis patients show a clear dissociation between elevated "beta-MSH" and normal ACTH plasma levels. "beta-MSH" probably has a decreased plasma disappearance rate and seems related to a substance different from human beta-MSH.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1976

The inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone on the chicken embryo cartilage somatomedin assay.

In a study of the effects of hydrocortisone on the embryonic chicken cartilage somatomedin assay, in the absence and in the presence of normal human reference serum (NHRS), it was found that: (1) The basal uptake of 35S into chicken embryo pelvic cartilage was reduced when hydrocortisone hemisuccinate was added to the incubation medium in concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 1.5 X 10(5) ng/ml. There was a correlation between the inhibitory effect and the quantity of hydrocortisone added (r=-0.869; p less than 0.01). (2) The 35S uptake stimulated by 1.25 and 5% serum present in the incubation medium was reduced by hydrocortisone in a final concentration range of 150-1.5 X 10(5) ng/ml incubation medium. The minimal dose was 1,000 times that required to affect the basal 35S uptake. (3) When hydrocortisone was directly added to the NHRS, its interfering effect on the 35S uptake stimulated by 1.25, 5 and 20% of serum in the incubation medium was demonstrable with 5 X 10(5) ng hydrocortisone/ml serum. This concentration exceeded the physiological level of hydrocortisone by a factor of 5,000.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Synthetic MIF has no effect on beta-MSH and ACTH hypersecretion in Nelson's syndrome.

The effect of synthetic MIF (H-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) on beta-MSH secretion was studied in five patients with Nelson's syndrome and in one patient with Addison's disease. Two milligrams of the tripetide were injected intravenously (1 mg in an acute injection, followed by a 30-minute-infusion of 1 mg in 20 ml of saline solution). No consistent effect could be observed during the 90-minute period after the beginning of the infusion. In the same patients, LVP stimulation and dexamethasone suppression tests brought about significant changes in the plasma beta-MSH and ACTH levels.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1976

Plasma aldosterone concentrations related to 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Plasma aldosterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) concentrations were measured in 35 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia resulting from 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Ten patients had never been treated and among them were 4 salt-losing infants. Both aldosterone and 17-OHP were high in the 6 untreated non salt-losers. The values ranged respectively from 110 to 376 pg/ml and from 150 to 292 ng/ml. Results were variable in the 4 salt-losers. Three out of 5 untreated non salt-losers who were submitted to a low sodium diet, responded by doubling their aldosterone levels. When plasma 17-OHP concentrations were less than 30 ng/ml, the mean aldosterone level in the treated non salt-losers (n=6) was 15.3 pg/ml +/- 4.3 (SE). This value was not different from the mean level found in the control children (n=7), 18.8 pg/ml +/- 3.2. In the treated salt-losers (n=9), the measured aldosterone levels were less than or equal to 10 pg/ml 7 times out of 9. When the treated patients exhibited plasma 17-OHP concentrations greater than 30 ng/ml, the salt-losers (n=11) were distinguished from the non salt-losers (n=8) in that they showed as significantly lower aldosterone mean level, 24.6 pg/ml +/- 4.3 against 69 pg/ml +/- 13.4 found in the non salt-losers. The salt-losers displayed no aldosterone increases to synthetic ACTH stimulation under treatment or at the withdrawal of treatment, while positive aldosterone responses were often observed in the non salt-losers. In the latter group, studied under different conditions (with and without therapy, on low sodium diet, after ACTH test) a significant correlation was found between aldosterone and 17-OHP levels expressed in log. values, (n=38, r=0.80, P less than 0.001). The relationship could also be established with the values obtained from all the salt-losers, but it was less significant, (n=35, r=0.46, P less than 0.02).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The liver as a source of somatomedin.

Somatomedin (Sm) activity (measured by [35S] utake in chick embryo cartilage) was determined in serum samples simultaneously drawn from the hepatic vein, portal vein, femoral artery and demoral vein of seventeen anaesthezied normal adult dogs). A pool of human serum was taken as reference (Sm = 1 U/ml). Sm levels in the peripheral vein of dogs were 0.38 +/- 0.03 U/ml). Mean +/- SEM). Sm activity was greater in the hepatic vein (0.48 U/ml) than in the other vessels (0.36, 0.39, 0.38 U/ml), and the paired differences were significant (P less than 0.002 to P less than 0.05). In three dogs which received b-GH (20 IU/day), the Sm levels were significantly increased after nine days in the femoural vein (P less than 0.05) and in the hepatic vein (P less than 0.05). The validity of the assay is discussed; a possible interference of NEFA in the assay is eliminated. The difference of Sm levels between hepatic and portal veins, related to hepatic flow measured in seven of these dogs, indicate an important production of Sm by the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Rheological and biochemical properties of sputum. Role of infection (author's tansl)].

Rheological and biochemical changes in sputum following repeated bronchial infections have been studied in six chronic bronchitics. Secretory IgA (IgAs) in the sputum decrease and serumalbumin increases as the number of acute bronchial infection episodes increases. Rheological properties of sputum follow a comparable course to that of secretory IgA. The decrease of the ratio-IgA-serum albumin and the loss of the viscoelastic properties of sputum reflect the non functional state of the bronchial mucosa. These changes may be considered as possible important factors altering mucus clearance and therfore favoring chronic bronchial obstruction.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1975

[Circadian rhythms op ventilatory mechanical factors in healthy children].

Circadian rhythms in lung resistance (R1) and dynamic compliance (C1dyn) of 7 healthy children (6 to 10 years) were validated (p less than .05) and then quantified (cosinor method); subjects' synchronization: light on at 0700; light off at 2100. Measurements were performed at fixed per hours (0730, 1130, 1630 and 2230) before and after the inhalation of a beta sympathomimetic bronchodilatator: minus 2mg orciprenaline. The measurements carried out after orciprenaline inhalation show a flattening of the curves, both circadian rhythms in R1 and C1 dyn are not detected (p greater than .05).

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1975

Studies of ACTH secretion control in 116 cases of Cushing's syndrome.

Plasma ACTH (normal value: 0.16 plus or minus mU/100 ml) was measured in 116 patients with Cushing's syndrome, using a bioassay including dynamic tests and sequential determinations. In 10 patients with adrenal tumors ACTH levels were nondetectable (ND) or low, and usually nonstimulatable. In 10 patients with ectopic ACTH secretion high levels (0.42 plus or minus 0.07 mU/100 ml) were measured. The extracts of 6 tumors yielded an ACTH-like substance. Forty-three patients with Cushing's disease (without pituitary tumor) had, before treatment, a mean ACTH level of 0.18 plus or minus 0.01 mU/100 ml, accompanied by high levels of plasma cortisol (32.1 plus or minus 1.9 mug/100 ml). Irregular nycthemeral variations occurred. ACTH rose to 0.30 mU/100 ml after incomplete adrenalectomy (20 patients) and to 1.14 mU/100 ml after total adrenalectomy (21 patients). Dexamethasone (8 mg per day) suppressed ACTH levels. Metyrapone induced a normal ACTH rise, but at abnormal times. Lysine-vasopressin (LVP) induced an ACTH mean relative increase of 120% before, and of 140% after adrenalectomy (i.e., within the normal range). Six nonadrenalectomized patients with pituitary tumors showed similar abnormalities of ACTH regulation. However, the ACTH rise after LVP was above 500%. When pituitary tumors occurred after adrenalectomy (12 patients) the mean basal ACTH level was 18 mU/100 ml. Dexamethasone induced a 90% decrease, and LVP a 416% increase in ACTH levels. In 6 patients with nodular adrenal hyperplasia, ACTH was undetectable before treatment. After adrenalectomy, ACTH rose to 0.4 mU/100 ml (11 patients) and the increase after LVP was 90%. Five additional patients developed pituitary tumors. These data confirm the abnormalities of ACTH feedback regulation in Cushing's disease. However, even when pituitary tumors occur, ACTH levels can be altered by metyrapone, dexamethasone and LVP. This last test is of particular interest for the detection of pituitary tumors. The follow-up pattern of treated nodular adrenal hyperplasia appears to be very similar to that of Cushing's disease.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1975

[Early functional disorders in 3 children exhibiting an obstructive syndrome and an alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency].

The respiratory function is studied in 3 children, two of which 4 years in age, exhibiting a respiratory obstructive syndrome and an alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. The study of the respiratory function is global and regional. The disorders noted include a ventilatory asynchronism, a distension, regional anomalies of ventilation and perfusion. The ventilatory asynchronism appears to be an early disorder in the course of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. These results have to be related with the development of the elastic fibers during the child's growth.

Child↗