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Biomedical subjects

F Gilles

Publications and source records attributed to F Gilles.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Tall vertebrae at birth: a radiographic finding in flaccid infants.

It has been well documented that children with severe neuromuscular disorders have tall vertebrae, presumably a consequence of altered mechanical forces. This finding was present in four neonates who were born with severe "floppy" hypotonia due to Werdnig-Hoffmann disease (two cases), nonspecific neonatal myopathy, and congenital muscular dystrophy. Fetal vertebral development is normally modified by intrauterine muscle tension and fetal activity.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Redistribution of Lyt-bearing T cells in acute murine experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: selective migration of Lyt-1 cells to the central nervous system is associated with a transient depletion of Lyt-1 cells in peripheral blood.

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in SJL/J mice by using two injections of spinal cord homogenate in incomplete Freund's adjuvant supplemented with mycobacteria. Analysis of circulating Lyt-bearing subsets by indirect immunofluorescence during the course of acute EAE revealed the following: 1) during the pre-clinical phase of EAE (1 to 2 days before the onset of paralysis), there was a decrease in the percentage of Lyt-1- but not of Lyt-2-bearing cells in peripheral blood, and of both Lyt-1- and Lyt-2-bearing cells in spleen; 2) with the onset of clinically evident EAE, there was a decrease in both Lyt-1 and Lyt-2 cells in peripheral blood and an increase in the percentage of Lyt-1-bearing cells in pooled inguinal and axillary lymph node; and 3) after these early changes, there was a rapid reconstitution of the percentages of total Lyt-bearing cells and of both Lyt-1- and Lyt-2-bearing cells in peripheral blood. Immunohistochemical analysis of the central nervous system infiltrate revealed that the earliest lesions consisted predominantly of Lyt-1 T lymphocytes, with few Lyt-2 cells present. These results demonstrate that the influx of cells of the Lyt-1 inducer subset to the central nervous system in acute EAE is accompanied by a transient decrease in Lyt-1 cells in peripheral blood.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Prevention of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the SJL/J mouse by whole body ultraviolet irradiation.

The cellular requirements for the in vivo induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) were investigated in the SJL/J mouse. Exposure of mice to whole body ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, a treatment that has been shown in other systems to interfere selectively with antigen-presenting cell function, prevented the development of clinical and pathologic signs of acute EAE. Splenic T cells from UV-treated animals did not adoptively transfer resistance to EAE, making it unlikely that UV irradiation resulted in the generation of a specific suppressor cell population responsible for protection from EAE. UV irradiation was effective in preventing EAE when administered before initial immunization; UV irradiation was ineffective in modifying ongoing EAE or in preventing relapses of EAE induced by reimmunization. In additional experiments, adult thymectomized, lethally x-irradiated mice reconstituted with syngeneic marrow cells depleted of mature T lymphocytes were found to be resistant to the induction of EAE. Susceptibility was restored by the addition of splenic T cells, demonstrating that EAE induction is T cell-dependent in the mouse. The prevention of an experimental autoimmune demyelinating disease by whole body UV irradiation suggests that interference with the function of Ia-bearing accessory cells may represent an approach for immunotherapy in autoimmune disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Iontophoresis: mechanism of action studied by potentiometry and x-ray fluorescence.

Physiotherapists often apply electrotherapeutic treatments to the knees with sponges impregnated with potassium iodide (KI). To study the fate of iodine applied in this way, the amount of iodide (I-) that penetrates the skin was determined using an iodide-selective electrode. The I- uptake was shown to take place only when galvanic current was applied. Iontophoresis did not result in superficial migration of the applied ions on the skin from one pole to the other, but led to penetration into the skin. The hyperemia, which occurs at the zone of application during iontophoresis, did not affect the uptake of subsequent treatments. Only very slight differences in uptake were observed for each patient with sequential application, whereas the interindividual differences were more pronounced. Combined evidence from all experiments suggested that about 10% of the applied KI had penetrated the skin. X-ray fluorescence scans of the volunteers' thyroid gland, before and after a series of 10 iontophoretic treatments, to establish whether I- was taken up by the thyroid, showed that the average iodine content of the gland was increased by more than 30%.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

The influence of route of delivery and hyaline membranes on the risk of neonatal intracranial hemorrhages.

The relationship of route of delivery and hyaline membranes to eight sites of intracranial hemorrhage was evaluated in 513 autopsied newborn infants. Those delivered by cesarian section appeared to be at less risk for most hemorrhages compared with newborns delivered vaginally. However, the reductions in risk were small and did not achieve nominal levels of statistical significance. Thus, "birth trauma" probably contributes little to the risk of most neonatal intracranial hemorrhages. Newborns who developed hyaline membranes appeared to be at greater risk for most hemorrhages than those who did not, particularly if the infant had been delivered by cesarian section. This was especially marked for subarachnoid and germinal matrix hemorrhage.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1977

Degeneration of fasciculus gracilis in cystic fibrosis.

The spinal cords of 19 percent of patients dying with cystic fibrosis after 5 years of age showed posterior column degeneration. The risk did not appear to increase with advancing age. None of these patients had findings of pernicious anemia or spinocerebellar degeneration. The lesions had been undetected clinically. It is possible that nutritional, toxic, or hereditary factors may play a role in producing this lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Multivariate analysis of risk of perinatal telencephalic leucoencephalopathy.

The hospital and autopsy records of 40 infants who died with perinatal telencephalic leucoencephalopathy (PTL) (hypertrophic astrocytes and amphophilic globules in telencephalic white matter) were compared to those of 76 control infants who had no white matter abnormality. A linear discromination procedure, which takes into account multiple confounding factors, was used to estimate risk ratios. PTL was found more commonly in infants who (a) had bacteria isolated from blood at autopsy, (b) received intravenous glucose and water for more than one day, or (c) received kanamycin or streptomycin. Infants were at reduced risk if they received penicillin, atropine, mercurhydrin or a transfusion of whole blood. It is hypothesized that endotoxin from bacteremia adversely affects developing white matter and that the other risk factors of PTL are markers of, or contributors to, increased risk of gram negative infection. No evidence was found for antibiotic-endotoxin interaction. The factors that are associated with reduced risk of PTL may be markers of, or contributors to reduced risk of gram negative infection.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1973

Limbic dementia.

This is the second reported case, known to the authors, of complete, but selective, limbic lobe destruction in previously normally functioning central nervous systems. Both cases had an amnestic syndrome, whose characteristics were essentially similar to amnestic syndromes previously documented with less complete limbic destruction, with one difference-confabulation remained a prominent feature in the chronic stages of the memory disorder. Our patient exhibited a behavioural syndrome similar to that reported by Klüver and Bucy in monkeys with bilateral anterior temporal lobectomies. Klüver-Bucy like syndromes in man have usually been reported with surgical lesions, usually in patients with pre-existent brain disorder. Our case illustrates that the syndrome can be produced by necrotizing encephalitic lesions. We suggest that the combination of the above two syndromes is essentially a `limbic dementia'.

Adult↗