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Biomedical subjects

F Gerstenbrand

Publications and source records attributed to F Gerstenbrand.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Report on the results achieved over the past 10 years in the neuro-orthopaedic out-patient department (author's transl)].

A short abstract of the pathophysiology of pain and its conduction is followed by a discussion of the importance of neurological-orthopaedic cooperation for the diagnosis and the treatment of pain syndromes arising from the locomotor apparatus. The examination of the spine from the functional, i.e. segmental point of view is pointed out. The main reflex answer of the spine to irritation is the restriction of movement or hypermobility. Therefore, neuro-orthopaedic reflex treatment consists of so-called "test treatment" by means of manipulation to overcome the restriction of movement or by local curative anaesthesia, or by a combination of both methods. The results over the past decade of treatment in 1008 patients suffering from various pain syndromes are presented and differentiated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome by plasma exchange.

Plasma exchange has been used for therapy in eight patients with the Guillain-Barré syndrome. All patients were severely ill. They became tetraplegic and showed cranial nerve involvement. Five patients received assisted respiration, but the others were also at risk of ventilatory insufficiency. Recovery was abrupt in all cases after the first plasma exchanges. Improvement was more marked when plasmapheresis was done on three successive days with plasma exchanges of 2.0-3.01 each in the initial progressive stage of the disease. A considerable advantage of this therapy is the avoidance of continued artificial respiration and nutrition, which both carry the risk of further complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Comparison between the effects of L-dopa, prodipine and amantadine on the serum and CSF amino acid levels in Parkinson's disease (author's transl)].

Patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with different antiparkinsonian drugs and the amino acid levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were determined. Results obtained in 43 patients (L-dopa [26]; prodipine [6]; amantadine [11]) are reported. All drugs investigated produced an increase in amino acids in serum and in CSF, this enhancement being most pronounced for neutral, long-chain amino acids. Amantadine, however, showed this effect for a short period, only. Our results lead us to assume that this increased pool of amino acids in the CSF facilities the biosynthesis of amines with transmitter function from their precursor amino acids.

Amantadine↗
PubMed1980

Symptomatology of the most severe form of tuberculous meningitis.

Seven cases of the most severe form of tuberculous meningitis, in which a midbrain syndrome developed, are reported. Three different types of progress were observed. Exudative inflammation and cerebral edema dominated in the first group, causing the rapid development of the acute midbrain syndrome, which may turn into a bulbar syndrome. In the second group the development of the midbrain was delayed and an apallic syndrome followed. The morphological examination disclosed local diencephalic and midbrain lesions caused by herniation and specific vasculitis and vascular compression. The third group showed disintegration of cortical function as a result of parenchymal lesions, apart from local midbrain symptoms which never fully intensified into the midbrain syndrome. Observation of the progress of the disease proved that late diagnosis and delayed therapy were decisive in cases of the most severe form of tuberculous meningitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Involuntary motor phenomena in the locked-in syndrome.

Several involuntary movements were observed in patients who were totally immobile except for vertical gaze due to bilateral pyramidal transverse lesion at the pontine or midbrain level. In those conscious locked-in patients extensor spasms and flexor spasms could be elicited by nonspecific stimulation. Mimic pain reactions, pathological crying, and primordial screaming ("cat crying') were also noted. Other motor patterns were whining, moaning, groaning, sighing, and yawning. The pathophysiological implications of these observations are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Radicular and pseudoradicular symptoms of the middle and lower cervical vertebral column (author's transl)].

The differential diagnostic classification of the "shoulder-hand-syndrome" according to etiology and pathophysiological principles is of major importance. The radicular syndrome, subsumed as the shoulder-hand syndrome following a local lesion, must be exactly defined. The pseudoradicular syndrome, which frequently appears clinically in the cervical region under the guise of middle and lower cervical syndrome, has its cause in disturbed function of the vertebral joints. But it can also arise as a mixed syndrome, radicular and pseudoradicular, through a substantial root lesion. The diagnosis of a referred pain in a "shoulder-hand syndrome" can lead to the discovery of internal organic lesions or lesions of the locomotor apparatus of the extremities.

Brachial Plexus Neuritis↗
PubMed1979

The symptomatology with the most severe clinical course of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The symptomatology of 18 patients with the severest clinical course after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is described and analyzed. Seventeen patients died, five with an acute bulbar syndrome with cardiac arrest, and 12 with irreversible breakdown of brain function. One patient had an apallic syndrome with minimal signs of remission, who died 4 months after the first rebleeding. The cases are divided into five clinical groups on the basis of the acute brainstem symptomatology which set in instantly or after temporary adaptation, or following a second hemorrhage. Pathological examination revealed that 16 patients had a brainstem pressure cone, 14 with marked edema and signs of herniation; one patient had only cisternal tamponade while another had predominantly brain edema with herniation. There was striking parenchymatous damage of the brain of the patient with the apallic syndrome. There was a marked analogy between the material reported and the symptomatology described by Plum and Posner (1972).

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Varieties of the locked-in syndrome.

The locked-in syndrome (LiS) was broken down on the basis of neurological symptoms in 12 patients. The criteria of classical LiS are total immobility except for vertical eye movements and blinking. If any other movements are present one should consider the condition as incomplete LiS. Total immobility, including all eye movements, combined with signs of undisturbed cortical function in the EEG led to the concept of total LiS. The anatomical basis for this condition consists of lesions in both cerebral peduncles which interrupt the pyramidal and corticobulbar tracts, the supranuclear fibers for horizontal gaze and the postnuclear oculomotor fibers. As to the course, chronic and transient LiS have been described.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The EEG at different stages of acute secondary traumatic midbrain and bulbar brain syndromes.

One hundred and thirty EEGs were analysed from 113 patients with acute secondary traumatic midbrain and bulbar brain syndromes. The EEG pattern was related to the stage of the midbrain syndrome caused by supratentorial brain shift. A decrease in the number of different EEG patterns was associated with increasing intracranial pressure. Unfavourable prognosis was indicated by the disappearance of sleep or sleep-like activities alternating pattern and loss of reactivity. Lateralization by the EEG proved to be superior to clinical findings in full stages of the midbrain syndrome. EEG abnormalities due to the herniation itself interfered with EEG changes due to secondary circulatory, respiratory and metabolic encephalopathies. In such cases, the above mentioned regularities were blurred.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Electroencephalographic changes in coma due to hepatic insufficiency with porto-caval shunt (author's transl)].

EEG studies were done in 19 patients comatose due to severe hepatic insufficiency associated with porto-caval shunting. The neurological deficits were graded in 5 stages and related to the abnormal EEG-pattern observed in 38 records. With deepening of coma, alpha-frequencies were gradually replaced by theta- and delta-activities. The frequency of theta- and delta-runs decreased with neurological deterioration. Triphasic waves (typical and/or atypical) were seen in 26% of the records. Typical triphasic waves were found to be limited to stage 3 of coma, whereas atypical forms appeared in earlier and later stages. After infusions of L-Valin, a transient improvement and disappearance of triphasic waves was observed, but no significant effect could be established on the final course of the disease. Sleep-like potentials and the reactivity to external stimuli decreased in deep stages of coma. Severe EEG abnormalities were correlated to low cholinesterase and high lactid acid blood level, but no correlation was found to the level of ammonia.

Alpha Rhythm↗