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Biomedical subjects

F Gerstenbrand

Publications and source records attributed to F Gerstenbrand.

205 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Electro-neurological correlations of the early stages of acute traumatic secondary midbrain and bulbar brain syndrome (author's transl)].

One hundred and sixty-five EEGs were analysed from 140 patients in postraumatic coma with secondary traumatic midbrain and bulbar syndrome. The EEG-pattern was related to the stage of midbrain of bulbar syndrome caused by supratentorial brain shift. There was a close relation between EEG-pattern and the grade of rostro-caudal impairment. A decrease in the number of different EEG-patterns was associated with increasing intra-cranial pressure. An unfavourable state of coma was indicated by the disappearance of sleep or sleep-like activities, alternating pattern and loss of reactivity. In deep stages of coma the neurological examination reveals no lateralizing signs at all. The EEG gives the only hint to a local cerebral lesion. EEG-abnormalities due to the herniation itself interferred with the EEG-changes due to secondary circulatory, respiratory and metabolic encephalopathies. In such cases the above mentioned regularities were blurred.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT and MR imaging in neuro-Behçet disease.

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) studies were done in one case of Behcet disease and showed a focal lesion in the upper brain stem. Early institution of therapy was followed by a complete clinical remission and disappearance of the CT and MR changes. Computed tomography and MR are important modalities for the early detection of Behcet disease when reversibility of the pathological changes is still possible.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Citicoline in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Eighty-five patients with an established diagnosis of primary Parkinson's disease were randomly assigned to receive their usual dose of levodopa (mean, 381 mg daily) plus 1,200 mg of citicoline daily or half their usual dose of levodopa (mean, 196 mg daily) plus the citicoline. Results of the Webster Rating Scale, a pegboard test, drawing, writing, and walking tests, a test of emotional state, and an overall assessment, administered before and after four weeks of treatment, revealed no significant between-group differences. Improvements on the tests were shown by more patients who received half their levodopa dose plus citicoline than by those who continued to receive their usual levodopa dose plus the citicoline. It is concluded that the levodopa-saving effect of citicoline could be used to decrease the incidence of side effects and retard the loss of efficacy of levodopa in long-term treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR-imaging of post-traumatic olivary hypertrophy.

We present clinical and magnetic resonance (MR) findings in 83 patients with inner cerebral trauma (ICT). In addition to the ICT-related lesions, uni- or bilateral enlargement and signal abnormalities of the inferior olivary nucleus were detected by MR in 9.6% of patients as a consequence of lesions within the dentato-rubro-olivary pathway. Clinically, segmental myoclonias were present in five patients. These observations suggest that MR imaging is highly sensitive in the detection of olivary hypertrophy and of causative traumatic lesions of the dentato-rubro-olivary pathway.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sleep in the last remission stages of vegetative state of traumatic nature.

Polygraphic studies were carried out on 20 patients (13 male, 7 female, average age 25.3 years) in the last remission stages of a traumatically caused vegetative state (apallic syndrome: stages V-VIII according to Gerstenbrand's classification). The presence of all the stages of NREM and REM sleep was observed in all patients, as was typical spindling activity. With respect to patients in the first remission stages of vegetative state, the total sleep time (TST) was seen to increase as a percentage of the total time in bed (95%) and with respect to TST, the periods of waking after a period of sleep diminished (wake after sleep onset: 9.73%). Stage I decreased (10.39%), while stages II-III-IV increased (32.36%, 4.29% and 6.04% respectively). There was a clear increase in the REM percentage (37.19%); spindling rate and index both increased (4.9/min and 12.1 respectively).

Action Potentials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of head-to-trunk position on the direction of arm movements before, during, and after space flight.

This contribution deals with the examination of the consequences of different head-to-trunk positions on arm movements under normal gravity and during prolonged space flight. One of the objectives of this study was to investigate the influence of weightlessness on the condition of the spatial analysis system. Aimed arm movements in the horizontal plane (pointings towards two visual targets) were recorded, first with eyes open, head straight (learning part), then with eyes closed, head straight and during yaw or roll position of the head (performance part). Measurements related to these different head-to-trunk-positions were taken in one short-term and nine long-term cosmonauts preflight, inflight, and postflight. Terrestrial control experiments were carried out with an extended experimental design in 14 healthy volunteers. The analysis of these experiments revealed that, with eyes closed and the head in yaw position, cosmonauts before flight and control subjects exhibit significant slants of the movement plane of the arm. Contrary to terrestrial measurements, in space experiments roll tilt of the head to the right is correlated with considerable counterclockwise slant of the movement plane. This slant of the movement plane of the arm was interpreted as tilt of the internal representation of the horizontal coordinate. The effect is larger with greater distortion induced by the changed head position and with larger muscular involvement to keep this position. This effect is also increased by the reduction of information (for example, in microgravity). The amount and the direction of the horizontal offset of the arm movements are shown to be dependent on the head-to-trunk position, too. Additionally, we have found changes in the amplitude and in the duration of the arm movement, in the vertical offset, and in the curvature of the movement paths, depending on the experimental conditions.

Adult↗