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F Galletti

Publications and source records attributed to F Galletti.

88 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Dietary sodium intake: influence on calcium channels and urinary calcium excretion in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Binding of the 1,4-dihydropyridine [3H]PN200 110 was employed as an index of cardiac Ca2+ channels in normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats during 4 weeks of normal (0.73% NaCl) and high (8% NaCl) sodium diets when the rats were between 20 and 24 weeks of age. Binding site density was not different at the beginning of the study but was increased significantly (P less than 0.01) after 1 week in the SHR on a high sodium diet; this difference was not apparent at 2, 3 or 4 weeks of the diet. During this same period, the urinary Ca2+ excretion in SHR was enhanced significantly (P less than 0.01) and the urinary calcium/sodium ratio was elevated during the high sodium intake period.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationships between salt sensitivity of blood pressure and sympathetic nervous system activity: a short review of evidence.

Experimental and clinical studies provided evidence in favor of complex relationships between sympathetic nervous system activity and salt-sensitivity of blood pressure. Genetic and acquired metabolic alterations associated with a tendency to retain salt and water may generate salt-sensitivity of blood pressure and shift the pressure-natriuresis curve to the right, promoting an increase in blood pressure. Sympathetic activation is a factor contributing to this result. Chronic high dietary salt intake is followed by a derangement in mechanisms of central sympathetic inhibition and then by an enhanced peripheral sympathetic tone. This, in turn, may generate salt-sensitivity of blood pressure by affecting renal hemodynamics, tubular sodium and water handling. Insulin resistance and sodium and water retention are prompted by high-fat (as well as high carbohydrate) diets, and by an increase in body fat mass. Also, aging is a condition of impaired interactions of the above factors. A gain in weight due to reduced physical activity, not followed by a parallel decrease in calorie intake, brings to a fall in insulin sensitivity. In many cases, the natural age-related decline of renal function is associated with a reduced physical exercise, hyperinsulinemia and sodium retention; sympathetic nervous system activity is enhanced and causes an increase in blood pressure.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Familial occurrence of benign myoclonus of early infancy.

Three cases of benign myoclonus of early infancy (BMEI) were observed in the same family. Previously, only sporadic cases have been reported. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were consistently normal, and the affected girls had normal neurological development. Therapy was not administered and the episodes spontaneously disappeared within the first months of life. While etiological mechanisms of BMEI are still unknown, a hereditary mechanism is now hypothesized on the basis of these cases.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prediction and consistency of blood pressure salt-sensitivity as assessed by a rapid volume expansion and contraction protocol. Salt-Sensitivity Study Group of the Italian Society of Hypertension.

BACKGROUND: This multicenter trial in essential hypertensive patients (n=94) is aimed i) to evaluate the distribution of blood pressure salt-sensitivity by a rapid volume expansion/contraction protocol over three days; ii) to investigate the within-patient reproducibility and to identify predictors of the response to the test; iii) to compare this response with the response to dietary NaCl restriction. METHODS: The study design included: 1) screening for salt-sensitivity by the rapid test; 2) a controlled trial of dietary salt restriction; 3) repetition of the rapid test in a subgroup of patients. RESULTS: The mean BP response to the rapid test fitted a Gaussian curve. In multivariate regression analysis, controlling for the effect of potential confounders, the blood pressure increment during the intravenous saline infusion was the best independent predictor of the response to the test (r=0.713) with minor contributions by the 24-h urinary sodium excretion before the test and by baseline fasting serum insulin. These three variables together explained 61% of the overall variability of the response. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the BP response to the rapid test and the response to the dietary protocol was 0.21, p=0.05. Upon repetition of the rapid test, the correlation coefficient between the responses observed on the two occasions was 0.60 (n=19, p<0.01); there were no patients misclassified across the extreme tertiles of the distribution of salt-sensitivity. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the rapid test reproducibly identified patients in the upper and lower parts of the distribution of salt sensitivity. The analysis of possible predictors of the response to the test suggested that the evaluation of the blood pressure response to saline infusion, upon careful standardization of dietary NaCl intake, may represent an alternative to the completion of the whole test for the screening of the salt-sensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Renal endothelin-1 is linked to changes in urinary salt and volume in essential hypertension. Salt Sensitivity Group of the Italian Society of Hypertension.

METHODS: We investigated the influence of salt intake on urinary and plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) in 55 patients who entered a two-week double-blind, randomised, crossover study comparing a 50 mMol/day salt intake and 150 mMol/day. Twenty-four-hour ET-1 excretion and plasma ET-1 were measured by RIA on pre-extracted samples. RESULTS: In the whole cohort (n=55), changes in urinary ET-1 were related to salt excretion (r=0.28, P=0.04) and urinary volume (r=0.47, P=0.0001). In a multivariable model, changes in PRA, plasma aldosterone, blood pressure and heart rate did not add any predictive power to salt excretion with regard to urinary ET-1 variations. The relationship between urinary volume and urinary ET-1 was stronger than that of urinary sodium with ET-1 excretion because sodium was excluded from the multivariable model when urinary volume was introduced. Changes in urinary ET-1 were unrelated to mean blood pressure changes (P=0.66). Changes in plasma ET-1 were unaffected by changes in salt intake (P=0.58) but were strongly related to those in PRA (r= -0.45, P=0.01) and plasma aldosterone (r= -0.53, P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The renal excretion of ET-1 is influenced by changes in salt intake and appears largely independent of the blood pressure response to salt. Changes in urinary volume which accompany variations in salt excretion play an important role in this response. Since urinary ET-1 reflects its renal synthesis, our data support the notion that renal ET-1 plays a role in the regulation of sodium balance in patients with mild hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An assessment of middle ear involvement in children with allergic rhinitis: a comparison with chronic hypertrophic adenoiditis].

The allergic inflammation may contribute to the development of otitis media with effusion (OME). For this reason we have examined two groups of children: the first (group A) formed by 12 children with allergic rhinitis, the second (group B) by 15 children with hypertrophic adenoids. We have found respectively: pathologic otoscopy in 75% and 93% of cases; pathologic tympanometry in 83% and in 90%; pathologic audiometry in 60% and in 83%. This values are not significant according to a statistic analysis. Instead, the degree of compromission has been significant: in fact 16% of the children belonging to group A had a retracted and atelectatic eardrum in comparison with 33% of the children belonging to group B. Also tympanometry has confirmed this aspect: in fact 33% of group A showed type C and B tympanograms in comparison with 77% of group B. Besides, audiometry has confirmed the presence of hearing loss in the subjects with tympanometry of type C and B, belonging to both groups. For this reason the allergic rhinitis, because it may cause OME, must be treated in order to limit the negative effects of allergic nasal obstruction on the functionality of the middle ear.

Adenoids↗