Biomedical subjects

F Fu

Publications and source records attributed to F Fu.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1995

Growth of donor-derived dendritic cells from the bone marrow of murine liver allograft recipients in response to granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

Allografts of the liver, which has a comparatively heavy leukocyte content compared with other vascularized organs, are accepted permanently across major histocompatibility complex barriers in many murine strain combinations without immunosuppressive therapy. It has been postulated that this inherent tolerogenicity of the liver may be a consequence of the migration and perpetuation within host lymphoid tissues of potentially tolerogenic donor-derived ("chimeric") leukocytes, in particular, the precursors of chimeric dendritic cells (DC). In this study, we have used granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor to induce the propagation of progenitors that give rise to DC (CD45+, CD11c+, 33D1+, nonlymphoid dendritic cell 145+, major histocompatibility complex class II+, B7-1+) in liquid cultures of murine bone marrow cells. Using this technique, together with immunocytochemical and molecular methods, we show that, in addition to cells expressing female host (C3H) phenotype (H-2Kk+; I-E+; Y chromosome-), a minor population of male donor (B10)-derived cells (H-2Kb+; I-A+; Y chromosome+) can also be grown in 10-d DC cultures from the bone marrow of liver allograft recipients 14 d after transplant. Highly purified nonlymphoid dendritic cell 145+ DC sorted from these bone marrow-derived cell cultures were shown to comprise approximately 1-10% cells of donor origin (Y chromosome+) by polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition, sorted DC stimulated naive, recipient strain T lymphocytes in primary mixed leukocyte cultures. Evidence was also obtained for the growth of donor-derived cells from the spleen but not the thymus. In contrast, donor cells could not be propagated from the bone marrow or other lymphoid tissues of nonimmunosuppressed C3H mice rejecting cardiac allografts from the same donor strain (B10). These findings provide a basis for the establishment and perpetuation of cell chimerism after organ transplantation.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Cytokine mRNA profiles in mouse orthotopic liver transplantation. Graft rejection is associated with augmented TH1 function.

Although mouse liver allografts are spontaneously accepted without immunosuppression in many strain combinations, rejection can be induced by presensitization with a donor skin graft two weeks prior to transplantation. In this study, the semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) was used to assess the involvement of T helper (TH) cell subsets in liver allograft acceptance by determining cytokine mRNA in the graft and spleen of recipients with (A) spontaneously accepting allografts (B) rejecting liver allografts after previous skin sensitization, and (C) syngeneic controls. Spontaneously accepted liver allografts showed upregulation of TH1 (IL-2, IFN-gamma) and TH2 (IL-4, IL-10) intragraft cytokine mRNA, which peaked at day 6 and tapered off thereafter, when compared with levels in syngeneic grafts, but both IFN-gamma and IL-10 mRNA persisted up to day 30. This cytokine mRNA profile correlated with the transient intragraft inflammation associated with spontaneously resolving rejection. Presensitized recipients that rejected their grafts revealed marked upregulation of TH1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and TH2 (IL-4, IL-6) intragraft cytokine mRNAs compared with spontaneously accepting recipients, although IL-10 mRNA levels showed no differences between the two groups. The most striking difference was seen in IFN-gamma levels, which correlated well with the preferential deposition of IgG2a antibody isotype in the rejecting compared with the spontaneously accepting liver allograft recipients. These results suggested an association between liver allograft rejection and enhanced TH1 cytokine immune response. The ability to reject liver allografts by the adoptive transfer of splenocytes, but not serum, from a sensitized mouse ruled out preformed antibodies alone as a cause of rejection. However, spleen cytokine mRNA profiles showed no differences or trends in TH1 or TH2 expression in spontaneously accepting versus rejecting recipients, which suggested that the spleen is not a major site of alloreactive immune expansion. These data suggest that spontaneous acceptance of mouse liver allografts is associated with an insufficient intragraft TH1 cytokine response, the cause of which is currently under investigation.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Presensitization by skin grafting from major histocompatibility complex class I or major histocompatibility complex class II deficient mice identifies class I antigens as inducers of allosensitization.

Livers but not hearts are accepted spontaneously without immunosuppression when transplanted from B10 (KbAbEbDb) to C3H (KkAkEkDk) mice. Both organs however, undergo accelerated rejection in C3H recipients presensitized with B10 skin grafts. In this study, we have investigated further the role of functional cell-surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC class I or class II molecules in allosensitization. Skin from transgenic MHC class I (b2mmlUncbcr; AbEb) or class II (C2DTM, KbDb) gene 'knockout' mice was grafted onto naive recipients 2-3 weeks prior to whole organ transplantation. When C3H hosts were presensitized with skin from C2DTM (class II deficient) mice, they promptly rejected (within 4 days) subsequently transplanted B10 liver or heart allografts. In contrast, presensitization with skin from b2m (beta 2-m mutant; class I deficient) mice did not significantly affect the survival of either organ graft. Maximal sensitization was established by day 14 after skin grafting and persisted for at least 12 weeks. Splenocytes obtained from C3H mice sensitized with skin from B10, B6 (KbAbEbDb), or C2DTM but not from b2m mice exhibited an H-2b-specific cytolytic response when tested in cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity assays. Sera from C3H mice sensitized with B10 or b2m skin contained high titres of cytotoxic activity specifically against H-2b class I. Taken together, these observations suggest that in the strain combination studied, MHC class I rather than class II molecules play an important role in allosensitization. The results indicate the potential importance of avoiding transplantation of organs into recipients of secondary grafts from donors that share human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I antigens with the first donor.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Sports injuries survey on university students in Hong Kong.

A sports injuries survey was conducted among 1714 students of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. The common sports involved in injuries were Soccer (26%), Basketball (18%), Cycling (11%), Track and field athletics (11%) and Swimming (10%). The lower limb usually took the brunt of the injuries (67%) followed by the upper limb (28%) and spinal injuries were relatively uncommon (3%). The majority of the injuries were mild to moderate and the commonest ones were abrasion (37%), contusion (21%), cramp (20%), sprains (9%), and strains (7%). Of the injuries 80% recovered in less than 10 days and 50% of them were self-treated. However, a significant group of more severe injuries was recorded: fracture, concussion and heat stroke which demanded special medical attention and longer period for recovery. The pattern of treatment was also unique in that traditional Chinese methods of treatment were sought more frequently than special orthopaedic advice. The preventive aspects of sports injuries was not well recognised with only 40% of the students regularly practising warm-up exercises, 18% stretching exercises and 4% using protective aids. More educational programmes and studies were indicated. The set up of a sports injury clinic is recommended with the utilisation of a sports injury reporting system.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Sun Simiao.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

History, Medieval↗

PubMed1980

External fixation in pelvic fractures.

The treatment of unstable pelvic ring fractures, markedly comminuted and displaced acetabular fractures, and combinations of these insults to the pelvis has been an unsolved problem in orthopedics up to the present time. Of the previous methods of treatment, external fixation has appeared to hold the most promise for certain major pelvic insults, especially those accompanied by instability of the pelvic ring. Many of the previously used external fixation devices, however, have not provided adequate stability. Recently we have modified the Hoffmann external frame to provide a simple method of treatment for unstable pelvic ring fractures that permits the patient to undergo immediate mobilization from bed to chair. Certain other complex central acetabular fractures and combined insults involving the pelvic ring, central acetabulum, and proximal femur have been treated by extensive external frames. The results of these methods are described. Although such external devices appear to be superior to previously available methods, nevertheless, in view of their inherent limitations, we have begun to explore possible methods of internal fixation of the posterior portion of the disrupted pelvic ring combined with internal or external fixation of the anterior segment of the pelvis.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fluid and electrolyte balance during a cool weather marathon.

Changes in blood, serum, and urine parameters that are usually associated with fluid and electrolyte balance were studied in 45 volunteers who ran the 1987 Pittsburgh Marathon. There were 39 males and 6 females. The mean age was 39.3 years. Their mean fluid intake was 1650 cc and the mean finishing time was 4 hours and 1 minute. The race was run in the rain with a temperature of 46 degrees F. When the prerace and postrace values of the runners were compared, significant increases were noted in the serum sodium, potassium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, uric acid, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), protein, plasma renin, vasopressin, and urinary potassium. Significant decreases were found in weight, blood pressure, and urinary sodium. No significant differences were noted in serum chloride, serum glucose, and hemoglobin/hematocrit. The mean weight loss of 1.9 kg was less than weight losses reported in marathons run under warmer conditions.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Modification of the Bankart reconstruction with a suture anchor. Report of a new technique.

We assessed the effectiveness of a new suture anchor that has been designed to anchor sutures into a blind, straight hole drilled in bone. The strength of fixation in glenoid bone is 67 N for the No. 0 anchor and suture, and 82 N for the No. 2 device with suture. During 1988 and 1989, 32 patients underwent a modified Bankart reconstruction for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability at two centers as part of a prospective study of this modified technique. There were no complications as a result of the technique. The four surgeons involved agreed that the suture anchor simplified the procedure. Seventeen patients have been reviewed, with more than 1 year followup. Ninety-four percent had good to excellent results according to the Bankart rating scale. There was one recurrent dislocation in a football player.

Adolescent↗