Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to F Fraschini.
Melatonin was administered in 3 seasons to adult male mountain hares (Lepus timidus L.) kept in long or short photoperiods. Melatonin and short photoperiods induced testis regression and fur whitening in summer and autumn but not in winter. Both treatments combined seemed to provoke an advanced onset of the refractory period.
Eseroline is a new agent, derived from physostigmine but lacking in pseudocholinesterase activity, that possesses opioid properties in vivo and in vitro in cats and rodents. The electrophysiological effect of this drug has been investigated. Our findings show that Eseroline (5 mg/kg i.p.), suppresses the nociceptive responses evoked by noxious (mechanical and thermal) stimuli, without affecting the spontaneous firing of neurons in the thalamus of anesthetized rat. This effect starts about 5 min after the administration and lasts on average for about 60 min. Naloxone (1 mg/kg i.p.), injected 10 min before Eseroline, antagonized the antinociceptive action of this drug.
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Mezlocillin is an expanded spectrum semisynthetic penicillin for parenteral administration, with a good activity against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria including most anaerobes. The pharmacokinetic parameters of mezlocillin were determined in serum and sputum at the first and the seventh day of treatment with 1 g/im/12 h in patients suffering from bronchopulmonary infections. In a second group of volunteer patients who had to undergo surgery for lung cancer, mezlocillin levels in pulmonary tissue and the corresponding serum levels were determined at different times after drug administration. The data obtained made it possible to obtain information on the penetration and clearance of this drug in the bronchopulmonary tract in comparison with that of the serum. The pharmacokinetic behaviour of mezlocillin ensures an efficient antibacterial action in the respiratory tract.
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The pharmacokinetic profile of Sobrerol, a mucolytic drug, has been studied in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and dense sputum. In addition to measurement of serum and urine levels, the concentration in bronchial mucus was also examined, and their correlation was calculated. Mass fragmentographic analysis was used to assay free sobrerol and its principal urinary metabolites hydrated carvone and glucuronidated sobrerol. After the doses and administration routes used, there appeared to be accumulation of sobrerol in bronchial mucus. This is a feature of great interest and value for a drug which has the specific action of liquifying mucus.
Thirty-one patients (21 M and 10 F), affected by acute infectious dental disease, were treated with domifen bromide (A) or placebo (Pl). It was found that A had a beneficial effect on the results of clinical controls and reduced the need for the concomitant use of an antibiotic (p = 0.001 and p = .008 respectively). Furthermore, after two days of treatment with A, there was a significant decrease in pain and inflammation (p less than 0.01). A alone or in combination with an antibiotic elicits a good response, improves the prognosis and reduces the number of days of illness.
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By means of a double blind, placebo controlled trial, we have studied 29 patients (14 M and 15 F) affected by different acute infectious oral diseases. Our results suggest that domifen bromide may be useful in treating infectious oral diseases in combination with antibiotics, and in relieving pain and inflammation.
Cefoperazone is a third-generation semisynthetic injectable cephalosporin. It has been reported that cefoperazone has beta-lactamase resistance and quite a broad antimicrobial spectrum against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms and most anaerobes. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone were examined in a group of 10 patients suffering from acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, with purulent or mucopurulent expectorations. Cefoperazone was administered at the dose of 1 g i.m. every 12 hours. Serum and urinary parameters and the profile of bronchial mucus diffusion were assessed after the first administration and during the whole period of treatment which lasted for 7 days. In a second, third, and fourth group of volunteer patients who had to undergo surgical operations, bone, lung and prostatic penetration of cefoperazone was determined in correlation with serum levels.
Josamycin is a new macrolide antibiotic with low toxicity and effective therapeutic activity in many bacterial diseases, particularly bronchopulmonary infections. In the present study the pharmacokinetics of josamycin were investigated in a group of 10 patients suffering from acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, with purulent or mucopurulent expectoration. Patients were given one oral administration of 1 g of josamycin every 12 hours for seven days. Serum, urinary parameters and the profile of bronchial mucus diffusion were assessed after the first and the last administration.
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Cefotaxime is a new powerful methoxycephalosporin with a broad anti-microbial spectrum, suitable for parenteral administration. In the present study, the concentrations of cefotaxime in serum and in bronchial secretion were determined after intramuscular injection of 1 gm every eight hours for seven days. Subjects were patients suffering from an exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Serum levels versus time curve were interpreted in terms of a one-compartment open model. Pharmacokinetic parameters after single and multiple doses were investigated. No evidence of significant accumulation was found. Furthermore, a type of in vivo rate of killing with cefotaxime was investigated by evaluating the decrease in the number of colonies in bronchial mucus cultures daily for seven days. In two groups of volunteers who had to undergo surgery, bone and prostatic concentrations of cefotaxime were determined and correlated with serum levels.
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This paper describes a new kind of superfusion technique that allows for the maintenance of small fragments of nervous tissue, such as of the hypothalamus and the pituitary and pineal glands, suspended in a very small perfusion chamber with a continuous flow of medium that reproduces "in vivo" conditions. Easy reproducibility; continuous flow of medium, which avoids short feedback phenomena; controlled conditions that are very close to those "in vivo" and the possibility of sequential treatments for the study of the dynamics of hormone release are some of the advantages of this method.