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Biomedical subjects

F Fontaine

Publications and source records attributed to F Fontaine.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Conservative management of breast cancer.

Between 1970 and 1982, 592 patients with T1 and small T2 breast cancers were treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy by a combination of conservative surgery and radiotherapy. Mean follow-up was 78 months. The actuarial survival rate at 5 and 10 years was 92 per cent and 80 per cent respectively. There were 36 locoregional relapses of which 26 were within the treated breast. The actuarial relapse rate within the breast was 5 per cent at 5 years. If operable, a relapse within the breast did not significantly affect overall survival. The efficacy of conservative management of small breast tumours is confirmed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[The metaphase chromosome: functional inertia and ability related to the presence of sequences of single-stranded DNA].

Isolated metaphase chromosomes from KB cells were used as template in an in vitro DNA synthesis assay. In these conditions, no synthesis was noticed, confirming template inactivity of isolated metaphase chromosomes. DNA synthesis was noticed after a pretreatment with either methanol-acetic acid or RNase A. Analysis of in vitro synthesized polydeoxyribonucleotides showed two fractions of 4 S and 7-8 S. These results suggest the presence in metaphase chromosome of single stranded DNA sequences. Such sequences are shown in DNA extracted from chromosomes. They would preexist in this organelle and would be unmasked by the treatments that restore template activity of metaphase chromosome.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1986

[Bilateralization of breast cancer].

1,271 patients with breast cancer treated at the Institut Gustave Roussy between 1967 and 1972 and with a minimum follow-up of 10 years, have been studied in order to analyse the risk factors for bilateralization. Patients with metastases at presentation (160) who have an incidence of bilateralization at two years of 20% have been excluded since the contralateral tumor is regarded as part of the metastatic process. For 1,111 patients, non-metastatic at presentation, the following factors have been studied: age, T-stage, N-stage, tumor grade, tumor growth rate (doubling tumor size in less than six months) and the presence of inflammatory signs. Of these factors, only advanced T stage, fixed axillary lymphadenopathy and the presence of inflammatory sign were associated with a significantly increased risk of bilateralization. For patients presenting with T1 tumors the incidence of bilateralization is 19% at 10 years but this is probably because relatively more of these patients lived long enough to develop a second cancer. A more detailed histopathological study was performed on 682 patients whose tumors were operable at presentation and for whom the following histological characteristics are known: type, grading (Scarff and Bloom), number of axillary nodes involved by tumor and anatomical size of the tumor. None of these characteristics was found to increase the risk of bilateralization. Comparing the two breast tumors (and excluding those with a diffuse infiltration in either breast) in 74 patients in whom the exact tumor site was known, in only 7, was the second tumor a "mirror-image" of the first. Overall, MO patients with bilateral tumors have a decreased survival compared with those with unilateral tumors. For those patients operable at presentation, the 10 year survival is 51% and 63%. The conclusions of this study are that there are two populations of patients with bilateral breast cancer: Those in whom the controlateral tumor is part of a generalized metastatic process and occurs particularly in those with a poor prognosis (metastases at presentation, inflammatory carcinomas, fixed lymphadenopathy). Those in whom there is a relatively long interval (5-10 years) between the development of the two tumors who have not any metastases. This population particularly comprises patients with T1 tumors thus for whom continuing clinical and mammographic follow-up is justified.

Axilla↗
PubMed1985

Analysis of local-regional relapses in patients with early breast cancers treated by excision and radiotherapy: experience of the Institut Gustave-Roussy.

Between 1970 and 1981, 436 patients with T1 and small T2 breast carcinoma were treated by tumor excision followed by radiotherapy at the Institut Gustave-Roussy. The mean follow-up was 5 years, with 50% of patients followed 5 years. Twenty-four patients have experienced a local-regional (LR) relapse for an actuarial LR control rate of 93% at 5 years and 90% at 10 years. Potential prognostic factors for all 24 local-regional recurrences and for the subgroup with relapses in the breast were analyzed. A high Bloom grade and low Nominal Standard Dose (NSD) were significant prognostic factors for predicting LR relapse in both groups. Disease-free survival (from initial presentation) was not adversely affected by a solitary breast recurrence, when patients with successful salvage treatment were considered disease free. However, the group of patients with nodal or dermal recurrences had a much worse prognosis. This paper describes the natural history of breast cancer following a local-regional relapse in irradiated patients without mastectomy. Most importantly, we observed that breast relapses following radiotherapy become clinically apparent more slowly than chest wall failures after mastectomy, and if detected early, that these patients may be successfully retreated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Radiotherapy of carcinoma of the nasopharynx in children after previous chemotherapy. Preliminary results on 21 cases treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy between 1978 and 1981].

Between 1978 and 1981, 21 children were treated at IGR for a poorly differentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx. In hopes of diminishing the radiation doses and the incidence of metastases, the treatment began by either single agent or combination chemotherapy. The total dose of irradiation could be reduced to 50 Gy in 17 patients. The short term results are available for 18 cases. There were 2 isolated local recurrences, 2 isolated nodal recurrences and 1 combined local and nodal recurrence. In march 1983 the overall results revealed the following: of 21 patients initially treated, 10 are alive without local-regional recurrence (but 1 with metastases); 2 are dead metastases; 9 are lost to follow up with metastases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Role of radiotherapy in the treatment of medullary cancer of the thyroid].

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare tumor for which the main treatment is surgery. However, external radiation therapy (RT) plays an important part in well-defined patients. Out of the 115 patients with MTC treated at the Institute Gustave Roussy: Thirty-five MTC patients with residual cervical disease and without distant metastases had their thyroid region irradiated (60Co, 45 to 50 Gy in 5 weeks). The overall survival of these patients is similar to that of patients with limited cervical extension (n = 57) treated by surgery alone. The results of this study show the effectiveness of cervico-mediastinal irradiation treatment for MTC with extensive local tumor after incomplete surgery. Eight MTCs with inoperable cervical tumor were treated only by external RT. Median survival was 44 months. In six of them, long-term local control was observed: three are alive at 52, 62 and 70 months and 3 died from distant metastases at 36, 36, and 117 months after treatment. Sixteen MTCs with distant metastases were treated with RT on bone metastases (n = 10) or compressive lymph node metastases (n = 6) with good palliative effect. This study shows the efficacy of post-operative external RT in MTCs with extensive cervical tumors, as a curative treatment in non-surgically eradicable cervical tumors and as a palliative treatment for metastatic localisations. The technique of cervico-mediastinal RT is discussed.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Piracetam in elderly psychiatric patients with mild diffuse cerebral impairment.

In a 12-week double-blind study, piracetam at two dose levels (2.4 and 4.8 g/day) was compared to placebo in the treatment of 60 elderly psychiatric patients with mild diffuse cerebral impairment, but no signs of focal brain lesion. The psychiatric illness, schizophrenia or affective disorder, of patients selected was in remission at the time of the study. Monthly evaluations by the nurse revealed that piracetam improved overall functioning, particularly alertness, socialization, and cooperation, relative to the control group. Patients treated with 2.4 g/day piracetam also showed significant improvement in scores for the full IQ and the memory quotient on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence and Memory Scales; greater response was seen in those with lower initial scores. Piracetam at 4.8 g/day had a more rapid onset of action on behavioral variables than 2.4 g/day, but its therapeutic effect tended to diminish at 12 weeks, possibly as the result of overstimulation. Piracetam did not appear to interfere with concomitant psychotropic maintenance medication or affect the psychiatric illness itself.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of the cytoplasmic antigens of leprosy-derived corynebacteria and some mycobacteria.

The immunological relationship between leprosy-derived corynebacteria (LDC) and reference mycobacteria was analysed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel. For this purpose, three reference systems (LDC15/anti-LDC15, LDC18/anti-LDC8, and LDC8/anti-LDC8) were developed. They showed 15 to 20 distinct antigenic components in LDC cytoplasm. Extensive cross-reactivity was observed among different LDC isolates, affecting 3 to 17 components. Moreover, several components were shown to cross-react with mycobacteria when anti-bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), anti-Mycobacterium leprae, other antisera and lepromatous leprosy sera were incorporated in the intermediate gel. The major cross-reactive component, antigen M, was present in all LDC isolates and cross-reacted with antigen 7 of M. leprae and antigen 60 of M. bovis BCG. The thermostability of these antigens and the specificity of the cross-reacting antigens were assessed. The data underline the degree of immunochemical homogeneity within the LDC group of micro-organisms and relatedness with M. leprae and other mycobacteria.

Corynebacterium↗
PubMed1983

[Postradiotherapy brachial plexitis: the experience of the Institut Gustave-Roussy].

Twenty-five cases of presumed radiation-induced brachial plexopathy were identified out of a population treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy, in 3 different ways, during the period 1967-1980. The incidence of this complication is given for each group, and the radiation dosage and natural history is described, with results of neurolysis when it was possible. The absence of successful treatment methods makes prevention of this complication crucial. The use of fraction sizes no greater than 2.5 Gy, and the avoidance of radiation treatment to the completely dissected axilla, are advocated.

Brachial Plexus↗
PubMed1982

[Male breast tumours. Anatomico-clinical study based on 73 cases (author's transl)].

Breast cancer is 100 times less frequent in males than in femalees. In this series the predominant histological form clearly was adenocarcinoma, present in 69 out of 73 patients. The patients' age varied from 7 to 82 years. In 91% of the cases, the malignancy presented as a painless, isolated tumour, often associated with retraction of the nipple. After 5 years 68% of patients operated upon immediately after diagnosis and 35% of those initially treated by radiations were still alive, as were 72% of patients with less than 7 cm tumours and 44.8% of those with larger tumours. It appears that breast cancer in males is less aggressive than is usually believed. Its histological features and its treatment are comparable to those of femal breast cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

[Role of RNA in the inactivation of chromosomes during the metaphase].

Unfixed, isolated metaphase chromosomes were used as template in an in vitro RNA synthesis assay. In these conditions, no RNA synthesis was observed by autoradiography. Transcription was effective after treatment with methanol-acetic acid, HCl 0,2 N, NaCl 0,35 M or pancreatic RNase. Transcription is the most important after treatment with RNase. This result points out the problem of the role of RNA in inhibition of chromosome during mitosis.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Characteristics of chronically anxious patients who respond to EMG feedback training.

Anxiety levels of 40 chronically anxious patients given 8 weekly sessions of EMG feedback training were evaluated over a 6-month period. All subjects succeeded in reducing their EMG scores during treatment. Improvement was partly maintained during follow-up, but only 25% of the subjects who completed the evaluation believed their anxiety levels had improved substantially. Responders did not differ from nonresponders on pre- or posttreatment EMG scores, but there was a consistently closer association between EMG score and anxiety level for responders. No difference was seen between the two groups on demographic variables or IQ, but responders had higher mean scores for extraversion on two scales and a lower mean score for depression on one scale. Although EMG feedback alone does not appear to be an effective treatment for all subjects with chronic anxiety, the technique can be of value in some patients.

Adult↗