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Biomedical subjects

F Fazio

Publications and source records attributed to F Fazio.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Patient survival and cardiovascular events after kidney-pancreas transplantation: comparison with kidney transplantation alone in uremic IDDM patients.

In diabetic patients cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is still a major problem. Our aim was to study the effect of kidney-pancreas transplantation on survival, cardiovascular events, and causes of death in diabetic type 1 uremic patients. Three hundred and thirty-three uremic IDDM patients were enrolled in our waiting list for kidney-pancreas transplantation: 107 underwent kidney-pancreas transplantation (KP), 34 underwent kidney transplantation alone (KA), whereas 192 patients remained on dialysis (WL). Actuarial survival and causes of death were recorded over a period of 7 years. Seven-year survival rate was 75% for the KP group, 63% for the KA group, and 37% for the WL group (p = 0.001). Cardiovascular death rate was 9.8% in the KP group, 17.6% in the KA group, and 18.1% in the WL group (KP vs. WL, p = 0.05). Rate of acute myocardial infarction in the KP group was lower than in the KA group (2.4% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.005) as well as rate of acute pulmonary edema (0.8% vs. 23.5%, p = 0.0001) and rate of hypertensive patients at 1 (40.9% vs. 85.0%, p = 0.0001) and at 2 years (57.6% vs. 80%, p = 0.03). Kidney-pancreas transplant helped to obtain euglycemia with positive effects on survival and cardiovascular events.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pretargeting of carcinomas with the avidin-biotin system.

Diagnosis and experimental therapy of cancer have been performed with encouraging results using radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies. However, the high background due to non-specific uptake by normal tissue and blood is a major drawback in antibody-guided tumor detection. Various strategies have been proposed to overcome this problem, such as computed background subtraction, use of a second antibody, and local delivery. An antibody is a slow "bullet" for tumor targeting, since in many lesions it requires two or three days to accumulate. The use of fragments such as F(ab')2 or Fab, which display a faster blood clearance than whole antibody, improves tumor localization to a sufficient extent (hours) to allow the use of the most suitable radionuclides, e.g. 99m-Tc. In therapeutic applications we are still far away from the optimal condition in terms of the absolute amount of radioactivity delivered to the tumor. The high specificity of antibodies could be exploited at its best by delaying the delivery of the label to a time when the ratio tumor-bound to non-tumor-bound antibody has reached its maximum value. To obtain this goal, the label should display a fast clearance and should be captured by the antibody already targeted onto tumor cells. These considerations have led to strategies of tumor pretargeting where antibody and label are administered separately. One of these strategies, based on the avidin-biotin system, has already been used extensively for several years in immunohistochemistry and in ELISA. Due to the flexibility of this system, several alternative protocols are possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Positron emission tomography for the assessment of myocardial viability: a synopsis of methods and indications.

An improvement of regional and global left ventricle dysfunction can be achieved in patients with coronary artery disease either by coronary revascularization with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting. Several techniques have been developed to identify dysfunctional but viable myocardium. In the last decade, positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) has been used for the detection of hibernating myocardium. It can accurately predict the recovery of abnormal wall motion in hibernating segments prior to surgery. In particular, assessment of viability with 18F-FDG is indicated in high-risk surgical candidates being considered for revascularization or transplantation. Moreover, patient selection criteria and economic consideration are also relevant for cost-effective use of the technique.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Occupational injuries with biological risk].

The aim of the present study was to identify the way the occupational injuries with biological risk can happen in order to find the right measures of prevention and protection and to periodically verify their efficacy. The study started in January 1996 and ended in December 2001 and included 2750 subjects working in the sanitary field. A module (module A), was created to collect all the accident data. For every occupational injury with biological risk, a specific procedure is activated, including: Emergency Room, Sanitary Direction, Infective Diseases Division, Competent Physician. The injuries were classified, according to: sex, age, work qualify, division, object causing injury, modality, anatomical location, type of injury, working turn, and time phase. Most of the division underlined a higher risk the procedures that expose the subjects to accidental punctures with infected needle, such as injection therapy, blood tests, butterfly insertion and removal, etc. Old and bad attitudes, such as needle recapping are still used, even if the law is clear. None occupational injury showed serum conversion. It could be a consequence of the post exposition prophylaxis performed by the infectivologists and of the HBV prophylaxis.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiolocalization of 99mTc-labeled fragments in a melanoma xenografted model.

A xenograft model of human malignant melanoma was used to compare, in terms of tumor localization, the specific antimelanoma monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 225.28S with an irrelevant antibody (4C4). Both specific and non-specific 99mTc-labeled fragments were injected in 12 nude mice bearing subcutaneous tumor. The animals were then sacrificed at 6 and 24 hours post-injection and immediately dissected. Radioactivity of the tumor and normal tissues was measured in a well scintillation counter and autoradiography of tumor, liver and kidneys was also obtained. Tumor localization of 99mTc-labeled MoAb 225.28S fragments was highly specific compared with 99mTc-labeled irrelevant antibody 4C4. With the exception of the kidneys, already at six hours there was a satisfactory tumor-to-normal tissue ratio, which improved at 24 hours. However, the percentage of injected dose per gram of tumor decreased with time, probably due to the weaker bond of radiolabeled Fab' fragments to tumor cells. These results would indicate 99mTc-fragments of the antimelanoma MoAb 225.28S as a suitable radiotracer in clinical nuclear medicine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new method for faster blood clearance in radioimmuno-guided surgery.

A major inconvenience of intraoperative tumor detection with radiolabeled monoclonal antibody (MoAb) by means of a probe is the long interval needed between the injection of MoAb and surgery (at least 20 days). We describe a new method which entails injection of 125I-labeled biotinylated monoclonal antibodies and cold avidin in order to obtain a rapid blood clearance of the radiotracer. The first clinical application of this protocol has been carried out in a colon cancer patient operated on six days after the administration of 125I-labeled biotinylated MoAb and cold avidin, with an optimal tumor-to-normal tissue ratio and with 90% of the circulating radioactivity cleared in two days.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute thrombosis of the infrarenal aorta. Therapeutic problems.

Acute thrombosis of the infrarenal aorta is a rare event, usually complicating aortic atherosclerotic lesions or aortic aneurysms. During the last twelve years, we treated 10 acute aortic thromboses out of 353 acute ischemias of the lower limbs (2.8%). The high mortality of our series (60%) is related to advanced age (71 years on average), severe underlying cardiopathy, and the frequent involvement of the renal and mesenteric vessels. In our experience Fogarty catheter thrombectomy is usually ineffective, and the surgical approach in high risk patients should be confined to axillobifemoral bypass graft.

Acute Disease↗