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Biomedical subjects

F Faure

Publications and source records attributed to F Faure.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Acute fracture of the distal tibial physis: role of gradient-echo MR imaging versus plain film examination.

OBJECTIVE: Recent reports indicate that, compared with MR imaging, plain film radiography often underestimates the extent of injury in children with physeal fracture-separation. Such underestimation may have significant therapeutic and prognostic outcomes. We performed this study to assess the benefit of MR imaging compared with plain film radiography in the diagnosis and immediate treatment of acute fractures of the distal tibial physis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with acute fractures, including 15 Salter-Harris II, four Salter-Harris III, four Salter-Harris IV, and six triplane fractures, were prospectively examined by MR imaging with gradient-echo sequences. The MR images were compared with plain film radiographs. All cases were reviewed in a blind fashion by two experienced radiologists to determine the Salter-Harris classification on the basis of first plain film radiographs and then MR images. Two experienced pediatric surgeons were asked to propose treatment on the basis of first plain film radiographs and then MR images. Both the radiologists and the surgeons were asked to rate the two techniques in terms of degree of confidence and overall diagnostic effectiveness. RESULTS: Only 1 or 29 fractures (3%) was misclassified by plain film radiography. MR imaging never caused the treatment plan to be modified. However, the position of fracture fragments in Salter-Harris IV and triplane fractures was always better appreciated on MR images, facilitating more accurate surgical treatment. Except for those in the misclassified fracture, all other fracture lines were seen on both plain film radiographs and MR images but were more easily seen on MR images. CONCLUSION: Gradient-echo MR imaging allowed easier assessment of fracture lines than did plain film radiography, but the latter technique remains the primary means of evaluating epiphyseal injuries. For acute fractures of the lower extremity of the tibia, gradient-echo MR imaging should be limited to complex fractures and to cases in which the classification of a fracture on the basis of plain film evaluation is uncertain.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[Morbidity of percutaneous biopsy of kidney transplants (Vim-Silverman and Tru-cut needles)].

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the morbidity of renal transplant biopsies performed after simple ultrasonographic identification of the transplants, using a Vim-Silverman or Tru-cut needle. METHODS: From January 1987 to April 1991, 360 renal transplant biopsies were performed after simple ultrasonographic identification of the transplants, using a Vim-Silverman (n = 204) or Tru-cut (n-156) needle. In 221 transplants, these biopsies were performed because of a rise of serum creatinine (n = 319) or proteinuria (n = 17) or were even performed systematically (n = 24). One to 5 (mean = 1.6) transplant biopsies were performed systematically and the interval between renal transplantation and biopsy varied between 3 days and 11 years. RESULTS: 290 biopsies (80.6%) allowed the analysis of a minimum of 3 glomeruli (mean = 9.3). The yield of the Vim-Silverman needle was significantly greater than that of the Tru-cut model (p = 0.02). 147 biopsies (50.7%) demonstrated acute or chronic rejection, 57 (19.7%) revealed cyclosporin nephrotoxicity, 41 (14.1%) showed acute tubular necrosis and 14 (4.8%) showed glomerulopathy, while 31 (10.7%) were strictly normal. The morbidity of these biopsies was reflected by 37 complications (10.3%), including 30 minor and 7 major complications (2 cases of haemoperitoneum, 4 cases of obstructive anuria and 1 arteriovenous fistula). However, only one case required transplantectomy. These problems were significantly more frequent following inadequate biopsies (< 3 glomeruli, purely medullary, extra-renal). CONCLUSION: Despite the considerable risk of iatrogenic lesions, these biopsies were justified by their potential diagnostic and therapeutic benefit. The prophylaxis of complications of this procedure is based on strict respect of blood pressure and haematological criteria and on real-time ultrasound monitoring of the biopsy and miniaturization of the trocars. The treatment of severe complications has been greatly improved by the development of endourology and interventional radiology, but surgery, and especially transplantectomy, is still occasionally required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Lymphocyte-activation gene 3/major histocompatibility complex class II interaction modulates the antigenic response of CD4+ T lymphocytes.

The activation requirements for antigen-dependent proliferation of CD4+ T cells are well documented, while the events leading to the inactivation phase are poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), a second major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II ligand, plays a regulatory role in CD4+ T lymphocyte activation. CD4+ class II-restricted T cell clones were stimulated by their relevant antigen (hemagglutinin peptide or diphteria toxoid) and antigen-presenting cells with or without anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibody (mAb). Kinetic studies were performed to monitor different activation parameters, including the measurement of thymidine incorporation, expression of activation antigens and cytokine secretion. Results showed that the time course from the initial time points up to the peak time point was not modified in the presence of anti-LAG-3 mAb. However, addition of these antibodies, either as whole IgG or as Fab fragments, led to increased thymidine incorporation values for late time points and, hence, to a shift in the decreasing proliferation curve. We also showed that expression of activation antigens, such as CD25, was higher in the presence of anti-LAG-3 mAb, and that cytokine concentrations, i.e. of interferon-gamma or interleukin-4, were higher in the corresponding culture supernatants. In addition, we tested whether the effects of anti-LAG-3 mAb were limited to antigen-dependent, MHC class II-restricted responses. The proliferative responses of CD4+ T cell clones following stimulation with either interleukin-2, mitogens, a combination of anti-CD2 mAb, immobilized anti-CD3 or anti-T cell receptor mAb were not altered by anti-LAG-3 mAb. The allogeneic proliferative response of a CD8+ T cell clone was also not affected. Overall, the present analysis reveals a modulating effect of anti-LAG-3 mAb, mediated specifically on antigen-dependent, MHC class II-restricted responses of CD4+ T cell lines. These results support the view that LAG-3/MHC class II interaction down-regulates antigen-dependent stimulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1994

[The attic. Anatomoclinical correlation].

Among the hidden parts of the middle ear, the posterior part of the atrium undoubtedly raises the most interest of otologists. The attic is a frequent localization of cholesteatoma and retraction pouches. Its anatomy is not well known, especially the anterior and internal walls. This anatomic study, based on the dissection of 41 petrus bones was designed to determine the anatomic limits and describe the "noble structures" of this region in order to "guide" future surgical procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Pulmonary tuberculosis in infants. Apropos of 6 cases].

BACKGROUND: The present increased incidence of tuberculosis in children can be explained by contacts with infected adults and/or late BCG vaccination. PATIENTS: Six infants, 3 to 18 months-old (mean: 8 months), were admitted from November 1990 to May 1992 for various reasons; only two were admitted with a diagnosis of tuberculosis based on tuberculin test and only one was given a BCG vaccine. The disease produced a broad range of symptoms. Diagnosis was based on tuberculin test and radiographic examination showing lymph node enlargement of mediastinum and segmental consolidation lesions. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in two cases. The patients were given isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol and/or pyrazinamide; corticosteroids were added in five patients. Each patient received four or three drugs for 2-4 months and two drugs (isoniazid plus rifampin) beyond, for a mean total duration of 13 months (range: 9-17 months). Repeated CT scan of thorax was performed to evaluate the efficacy of treatment. Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 11 subjects in contact with these children. CONCLUSION: Tuberculosis in children is not rare, and BCG vaccination of neonates should be seriously considered.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1993

Evidence for in situ amplification of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes with antitumor activity in a human regressive melanoma.

We have derived from lymphocytes infiltrating a human regressive melanoma lesion a series of T-cell receptor alpha/beta-dependent, HLA-B14-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clones reactive against the autologous tumor. Analysis of the T-cell receptor gene expression revealed that all the clones represented a unique cell expressing a V beta 13.1/J beta 1.1 gene segment. T-cell receptor transcripts expressed in the cloned cells were compared to those present in the uncultured tumor tissue. This analysis demonstrated that the specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clones characterized in vitro was actually selected and amplified in vivo at the lesion site. These results provide strong evidence that effector T-cells have contributed to tumor regression.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Alternatively spliced T cell receptor transcripts expressed in human T lymphocytes.

We used the anchored-polymerase chain reaction (A-PCR) procedure to study human TCR transcripts derived from a variety of polyclonal T cell populations. In this series of experiments, 31 'unusual' cDNAs, which do not include exclusively V-J-C, J-C or 5'C genomic sequences, were identified. Ten of these were found to represent distinct types of alternatively spliced TCR alpha transcripts whose structure is derived from unusual splicing of one, two or even three intervening intronic sequences. The splicing events led to either conservation of a novel exon in the mRNA structure (designated aE1 alpha-aE5 alpha) between the V-J and C segments or to deletion of the 3' V region-J segment. In three cases, the alternatively spliced exons (aE1 alpha-aE3 alpha) interrupt the open translational reading frame of the corresponding V-J alpha segment. Nineteen and two cDNA represent sterile C beta or C delta transcripts, respectively. Their structures are derived from the conservation of a non-translatable exon, aE1 beta or aE1 delta, which is precisely spliced at the 5' end of the corresponding C exon sequences. Interestingly, the 3' region of the aE1 beta sequence is homologous to the murine C beta 0 exon. Together, these results led to the characterization of nine novel exons in the TCR alpha, beta and delta loci.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed1993

Ocular growth in the fetus. 2. Comparative study of the growth of the globe and the orbit and the parameters of fetal growth.

In a previous study, we showed that the growth of the eye during fetal development compared with the other parameters of the fetus was above all connected to the head circumference, which appeared to be the most discriminant measurement. In a second study, we measured the growth of the orbit of the fetus in order to compare it with the growth of the globe and the cranial circumference. Another 60 eyeballs of 30 fetuses of 18-41 weeks gestational age were examined. The corneal diameter (CD) of the cornea was a measurement added to those used in the method in the previous study, and orbital radiography was carried out: the parameters used were the same as in the previous study measured in relation to the CD, orbital diameter (OD) and the biparietal diameter (BPD). The aim of this study was to show the links between the variations in the measurements and to estimate them in relation to fetal growth. The results confirm those of the previous study, and this study also shows that, in estimating the head circumference, the OD and CD are the most accurate indicators. This study was also concerned with the BPD: the best correlation is obtained with the OD, which can be estimated accordingly from the BPD. Although the OD is not in an area studied by ultrasonography (highly dependent on the sectional plane), this study shows that it should perhaps be reconsidered in the prenatal diagnosis of orbital malformation. It would then be necessary to take into account not only the BPD but also the relationship between the OD and the BPD.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1992

Splenic hemangioma--report of three pediatric cases with pathologic correlation.

Splenic hemangioma is a very rare neoplasm in children. We report three cases of splenic hemangioma, two of solitary hemangioma and one of hemangiomatosis. Two patients had hematologic disorders related to hemangioma. Imaging findings of this entity are presented and discussed with emphasis on pathologic correlation.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Value of MRI and MIBG-I123 scintigraphy in the diagnosis of spinal bone marrow involvement in neuroblastoma in children.

The results of MRI and MIBG scintigraphy performed on the spine of 14 children with neuroblastoma are reported. In 6 cases of diffuse spinal bone marrow tumor infiltration, diagnosis is easier with MIBG scintigraphy than with MRI. In 5 cases, MRI detected hyposignal of the vertebral body without any spinal abnormality on MIBG scintigraphy. A discussion of the reasons for negative MIBG scintigraphy is presented and in these 5 cases, it is suggested that a lateral view of MIBG scintigraphy and HMDP-Tc99m scintigraphy may be performed, even vertebral body biopsy in order to assess bone marrow tumoral infiltration.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1992

[Rhabdoid tumor of the neck].

Three pediatric cases of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the neck are described. Clinical data and imaging findings (US, CT and MRI) are stressed. The mass was well defined, containing punctate calcifications in two cases and encasing the vessels in two other cases. Two patients were treated with a chemotherapy regimen according to MMT 89 SIOP protocol, one had chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Two children died of progressive disease; the remaining child who had complete surgical removal of the tumor is on remission 17 months after diagnosis.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of diagnostic efficacy and clinical tolerability of ioversol in "whole body" computed tomography in children. A non comparative phase III trial].

An open-label noncomparative clinical study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of ioversol (Optiray 300), a new low-osmolality non ionic contrast medium, in body contrast-enhanced CT scanning in infants and children. Fourty pediatric patients who required contrast-enhanced CT scanning for evaluation of chest, abdominal or pelvic masses participated in the study. The vascular enhancement was judged to be excellent or good in 72.5% of the cases and the CT scans were judged to be diagnostic in 95% of the cases. Ioversol was well tolerated in the study with only two mild adverse reactions (nausea and vomiting, and metallic taste).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Hydatid cyst of the kidney in the child].

Three pediatric cases of hydatic cyst of the kidney are reported. This is a very rare condition in children. Usually, the presentation is a cystic space-occupying lesion of the kidney. Several diagnostic methods are available but it is stressed that ultrasonography may be sufficient. Surgical treatment is still necessary.

Child↗
PubMed1992

[Duodenal atresia with bifid termination of the common bile duct].

A new case of duodenal atresia with gas below the obstruction is reported. This apparently contradictory feature is due to a bifid termination of the common bile duct in the duodenum, air by-passing the atretic area. The anomaly was proven by operative cholangiography.

Cholestasis, Extrahepatic↗