Biomedical subjects
F Earnest
Publications and source records attributed to F Earnest.
Surgery of the brachial plexus. Report of a case.
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Ophthalmopathy of Graves' disease: computerized volume measurements of the orbital fat and muscle.
Pixel-calibrated volume measurements of muscle and fat in the bony orbit were made from CT scans of 72 patients with Graves' disease, with and without ophthalmopathy, to define characteristic changes present in clinical subgroups. Measurement abnormalities were detected in 87% of Graves' patients with clinically detectable ophthalmopathy and in 70% of hyperthyroid patients without clinical eye signs. Abnormal enlargement of the fat compartment in addition to muscle enlargement was found in 46% of patients with clinical ophthalmopathy; 8% of patients had only increased size of the fat compartment with normal muscle volumes. The ratio of muscle to fat and the volumes of orbital muscle and fat all varied widely in each clinical subgroup. Statistically significant (p less than 0.0001) total muscle-volume increase (range = 3.68-17.06 cm3) and borderline significant (p less than 0.06) fat-compartment increase (range = 6.05-22.63 cm3) were documented in all clinical subgroups. The degree of change of muscle and fat volumes was independent of the clinical group. Abnormal changes were found in the contralateral orbit in six of seven patients who appeared to have unilateral ophthalmopathy on clinical examination. A higher frequency of medial and inferior muscle enlargement was documented in all clinical subgroups.
Polyvinyl alcohol sponge for embolotherapy: particle size and morphology.
The size and morphology of particulate polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge prepared by a blender technique for embolotherapy were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy. Techniques for preparation and sizing of PVA sponge particles are described. Two types of particulate material, differing in both size and morphology, were found. Large particles (greater than 50 micron) had irregular shapes and sharp, jagged edges. Smaller particles (2-50 micron) were more numerous. Attempts to characterize the smaller particles were unsuccessful. Preparation of PVA sponge particles using the blender technique is a viable choice in external carotid neuroembolization procedures. However, the potential effects of small particles possibly causing cranial nerve palsies does need consideration.