Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

F E Hruska

Publications and source records attributed to F E Hruska.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Hydrogen ion compartmentation during and following cerebral ischemia evaluated by 31P NMR spectroscopy.

Two peaks were observed in the inorganic phosphate region in 31P NMR spectra obtained during and shortly after incomplete forebrain ischemia induced in rats under normoglycemic conditions. Pre-ischemia, a single Pi peak was observed at a chemical shift of 2.5 ppm (pH 7.2). This peak shifted upfield to 1.6 ppm (pH 6.5) and, following reperfusion, returned to its pre-ischemia value. During ischemia and for a short time following reperfusion, a second, smaller peak was observed which we assigned to a second pool of inorganic phosphate. The data support the proposal by Kraig and coworkers of pH compartmentation between neurons and glia during and following transient forebrain ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Mannitol does not affect energy metabolism in forebrain ischemia.

Mannitol has a beneficial effect on ischemic injury following a short-duration forebrain ischemic insult in rats. Using the same animal model, we attempted to show that this effect of mannitol could be traced (via an improvement in cerebral blood flow) to a tempering of the collapse in the high-energy phosphates that occurs during the insult. A 10 min ischemic insult was induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion followed by a reduction of the blood pressure to 50 mmHg through removal of blood via a tail catheter. 31P NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor the energy state and the pH prior to, during, and after the insult. The studies show that mannitol administered in doses of 0.25 g kg-1 or 1.0 g kg-1 prior to the insult has no significant effect on the high-energy phosphate levels or on the cerebral pH during ischemia, or on their post-ischemia recovery.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Crystal structure of the promutagen O4-methylthymidine: importance of the anti conformation of the O(4) methoxy group and possible mispairing of O4-methylthymidine with guanine.

O4-Methylthymidine (O4medT) is a promutagen. To correlate its biological properties to changes in the electronic, geometric, and conformational properties of the pyrimidine base resulting from the keto to enol shift arising from methylation, an X-ray study of O4medT was undertaken. The crystal data are a = 4.950 (2) A, b = 12.648 (1) A, c = 19.305 (2) A, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), Z = 4, and R = 0.042. The D-deoxyribofuranosyl ring is puckered in the uncommon 1T2 twist conformation with the phase angle of pseudorotation P = 133.8 (5)degrees. The amplitude of puckering tau m = 31.4 (3)degrees shows that the ring is considerably flattened. The base is in the anti conformation [chi CN = 40.6 (4)degrees], and the exocyclic C(4')-C(5') bond (psi) is gauche+ [46.2 (5)degrees]. Methylation produces cytosine-like conjugation for the thymine base. The methoxy group takes the syn-periplanar conformation. Two types of mispairings with guanine are possible, and both require the anti conformation for the O(4) methoxy group. Semiempirical energy calculations have been carried out and reveal that the anti conformation can be energetically assumed in the double helix by widening the exocyclic angles C(5)-C(4)-O(4) and C(4)-C(5)-C(7) and the angle C(4)-O(4)-C(8) at the methoxy group. Such coordinated expansion relieves unfavorable interactions between the C(7) and C(8) methyl groups.

Crystallization↗
PubMed1983

Crystal structure of O4-methyl uridine: stacking induced changes in the geometry of the pyrimidine ring and its mutagenic role.

The geometric properties of the pyrimidine ring of O4-methyl uridine more closely resemble those of cytidine than diketo uridine. Differences between the independent molecules of O4-methyl uridine are observed in the C(7)-O(4)-C(4)-C(5)-C(6) bond orders and the planarity of the pyrimidine rings. These differences are attributed to the monopole-induced dipole interactions between the ribose ring oxygen atom and a neighboring base of molecule A. A survey of the literature reveals that similar stacking-induced effects occur in other structures, involving both pyrimidine and purines. Finally, two base pairing schemes between O4-methyl uridine and guanosine, in which two hydrogen bonds can form, have been presented. Of these two the mispair with Watson-Crick geometry is favored.

Electrochemistry↗
PubMed1980

Conformational studies of alpha- and beta-pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides in the syn and anti conformation.

Proton magnetic resonance studies of a series of pyrimidine alpha- and beta-2'-deoxyribosides in 2H2O have been carried out at 250 MHz. The H-H coupling constants and chemical shifts are discussed in terms of the molecular conformation. Methyl substitution at the 6-position of the base leads to rotation from the anti to the syn conformation in both anomeric species. In both series, the 2'endo pucker is preferred when the base is anti. Rotation into the syn conformation leads to a shift towards the 3'endo pucker, the shift being larger in the alpha-series. In the alpha-series, a correlation between the ring pucker and the C(4')-C(5') conformer distribution is revealed. Changes in geminal coupling constant, J2'2", are noted in the alpha-series and related to the sugar pucker.

Deoxyribonucleosides↗
PubMed1979

Proton magnetic resonance studies of 5,6-saturated thymidine derivatives produced by ionizing radiation. Conformational analysis of 6-hydroxylated diastereoisomers.

The conformational properties of ten 6-hydroxylated dihydrothymidine derivatives including the various diastereoisomers of 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymidine, 6-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymidine and 5-bromo-6-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymidine have been studied by 250 MHz proton magnetic resonance in aqueous solutions. A close correlation has been established between the carbon-6 configuration and the osidic conformation. The increase in the amplitude of the puckering within the furanose ring compared to that of thymidine or 2'-deoxyuridine is more pronounced for the levorotatory (6S) nucleosides than for the dextrorotatory (6R) diastereoisomers. The importance of the 2' endo conformer population decreases in the following order: (-) greater than (+) greater than thymidine. The absence of destabilizing effects on the g+ rotameric population about the C(4')-C(5') bond denotes the lack of any interaction between the exocyclic hydroxymethyl group and the 6-hydroxyl function or the 2-keto group. The 5,6-saturated nucleosides adopt a preferential anti conformation. The comparison has been extended to syn nucleosides which show opposite trends in the sugar conformation and g+ distribution.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMed1977

Effect of temperature and protonation upon the conformation of 2'-o-methyladenosine. Correlation of conformational parameters in purine nucleosides.

Proton magnetic resonance studies of 2'-o-methyladenosine in 2H2O have been carried out at variable temperature and p2H. The chemical shifts and H-H coupling constants are discussed in terms of the molecular conformation. Comparison of the data with those of adenosine reveals that 2'-O-methylation has little influence on the conformation. At neutral p2H where the adenine base is not protonated, the molecules favor a 2' endo, gauche-gauche conformation. Protonation of the base at the N(1) position leads to a decrease in the 2' endo, gauche-gauche bias. The data for 2'-O-methyladenosine and adenosine, as well as for several other purine derivatives, reveal the presence of a correlation between the sugar pucker and the C(5')-C(4') conformer distribution which is the inverse of the correlation previously reported for pyrimidine derivatives.

Adenosine↗