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Biomedical subjects

F E Glasauer

Publications and source records attributed to F E Glasauer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Restless Legs Syndrome.

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a well-defined symptom complex and is frequently associated with sleep disturbance and a recognized family history. It occurs either as idiopathic RLS or in association with many medical, neurological or vascular disorders. The neurological examination and routine investigations in idiopathic RLS are normal. Polysomnography supports the diagnosis of RLS by documenting the associated sleep disturbances and periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS). Although MRI studies disclose no intracerebral lesions, recent Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies point to some involvement of the basal and red nuclei and the cerebellum. No definitive etiology is known for this condition, but several pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed. There is supportive evidence that RLS is a Central Nervous System (CNS) dysfunction, suggesting widespread involvement of the descending dopaminergic (DA) pathways, possibly originating in the diencephalon or upper brainstem. This is corroborated by the successful treatment of RLS with DA agents, sedatives, and neurotransmitters. However, RLS can also occur with spinal disorders and spinal cord lesions implying the existence of a spinal generator. The incidence of RLS in pregnancy is well known and its association with vascular disorders supports another mechanism in some patients. The primary treatment of RLS is largely symptomatic and quite effective with DA agents, DA agonists, opioids and other neurotransmitters. The treatment of RLS associated with various diseases is aimed at the correction of the underlying pathological or deficiency states. Antidepressant medications frequently precipitate or worsen the condition of RLS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Restless legs syndrome: an unusual cause for a perplexing syndrome.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a well-defined symptom complex, occurring either as idiopathic RLS or in association with many other disorders. Although no definite etiology is known for this condition, several pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed. There is supportive evidence that RLS is a central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, suggesting involvement of the descending dopaminergic (DA) pathways, but it can also occur with spinal disorders. We present a patient suffering from RLS who eventually was diagnosed with a foramen magnum tumor. Based on the available evidence, we attempt to correlate the location of the tumor with the patient's symptoms of RLS.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Neurosurgery at the State University of New York at Buffalo.

WALLACE HAMBY STARTED the first practice dedicated to neurosurgery in Buffalo in 1933. Several years later, he was able to establish a residency program and became nationally known for his treatments of cerebral aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations. It was up to Louis Bakay to create an academic department within the State University of New York system and to incorporate an active and successful research program. This tradition has been expanded and enriched under the present leadership of L. Nelson Hopkins. The department is now well recognized, has 10 full-time staff members, and performs approximately 2000 procedures annually. There are numerous research opportunities available, at both the resident and fellowship levels.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1995

Familial syringomyelia: case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Syringomyelia is an uncommon disease of the spinal cord, occurring sporadically. However, rare familial cases with autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance patterns are reported and their incidence quoted as approximately 2%. Only one previous report originated from the United States. METHODS: We present a brother and sister with syringomyelia and associated Chiari type I malformation; both patients responded to surgical treatment. We review the world literature and briefly discuss pathogenetic theories of syringomyelia as well as the relevance of the histocompatibility leukocyte antigen profile. RESULTS: Both genetic and environmental factors appear to be involved in familial syringomyelia. CONCLUSION: We recommend that close relatives of patients affected with familial syringomyelia undergo routine neurologic and radiologic surveys.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

An unusual location for heterotopic ossification: lumbar anterior longitudinal ligament.

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a well known complication of spinal cord injury. It usually affects the hips and knees, with less common involvement of the shoulders and elbows. We present a patient with incomplete tetraplegia who developed HO in the left hip and in the plane of the lumbar anterior longitudinal ligament from L3 to L5. During evaluation for the patient's complaints of low back pain, a fracture was noted in the HO which was confirmed by three-dimensional CT scan. We postulate that this fracture contributed to his symptoms. Review of the literature on HO in spinal cord injured patients indicates this to be an unusual location for HO. Although HO of the lumbar anterior longitudinal ligament is a rare occurrence, this possibility should be considered in the evaluation of back pain in spinal cord injured patients.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1994

Radiology in survivors of traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation.

Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation is fatal, but survivals are reported. Six cases of survival after atlanto-occipital dislocation are presented. Lateral cervical spine radiographs demonstrated retropharyngeal swelling in all patients, and Powers' ratio was abnormal in five of six patients. Reformatted computed tomography (CT) images or three-dimensional CT were useful in confirming the diagnosis. Initial treatment consisted of immobilization with halo or collar, and, in one patient, Crutchfield tongs. Reduction of the dislocation was associated with decreasing Powers' ratio in five long-term survivors. Residual neurologic deficits, however, were seen in these patients. Atlanto-occipital dislocation should be suspected in trauma patients with findings of brain stem injury--especially agonal respirations, irregular heart rate, lower cranial nerve abnormality, and asymmetrical motor deficits.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1994

Hyperhidrosis as the presenting symptom in post-traumatic syringomyelia.

Post-traumatic syringomyelia is now a well known entity and occurs months or years after a spinal cord injury. The presenting symptoms are usually pain, progressive motor weakness, sensory changes, and increased spasticity. Profuse sweating or hyperhidrosis can be a symptom of the post-traumatic syrinx or can occur in autonomic dysreflexia provoked by peripheral stimuli. We present two patients with cervical spine fractures whose presenting symptom of post-traumatic syringomyelia was hyperhidrosis affected by posture. The pathophysiology involved and the management of these patients is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Focal cortical dysplasia. Case report.

A histologically confirmed case of focal dysplasia of the cerebral cortex is presented. The computerized tomographic, electroencephalographic, pathological, and angiographic findings are discussed with respect to this rare developmental disorder. A review of the literature is presented with a possible etiology for this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Radiology of a large cisterna magna cyst. A case report.

A case of a large cisterna magna cyst presented a problem in differential diagnosis. Characteristic changes were shown on plain skull roentgenograms and on radionuclide brain scan. The diagnosis was established on the basis of pneumoencephalography and isotope cisternography. The lesion responded well to surgical management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Benign lesions of the cervical spine.

Benign tumours of the spine are infrequent. Among the bony lesions occurring in children and adolescents are osteochondroma, benign osteoblastoma, and aneurysmal bone cyst. Although more than 50% of the osteochondromas are found in patients below 20 years of age, their incidence in the vertebrae is very low. In contrast, benign osteoblastoma and aneurysmal bone cyst are rare lesions, but occur relatively commonly in the spine. A case report of each of these bony lesions is presented. The symptomatology, the characteristic radiological and pathological appearance, and the appropriate treatment of these benign lesions of the spine are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Congenital inclusion dermoid cyst of the anterior fontanel.

An unusual type of dermoid cyst is reported in 10 African infants. In these cases a soft, cystic mass located over the anterior fontanel was noted shortly after birth and gradually enlarged. The cyst had no intracranial extension and was easily excised intact. The clinical and x-ray findings of the cyst are described and compared with the usual dermoids. The histology and the contents of the cyst are detailed and some peculiarities of this lesion pointed out.

Dermoid Cyst↗
PubMed1977

Unusual intracranial foreign bodies. Report of five cases.

Five patients surgically treated for unusual intracranial foreign bodies are presented. They include representative cases of the three most commonly encountered types of these injuries: industrial accidents, suicidal attempts and the result of criminal assault. Immediate radiological examination is mandatory because the deceptively small entrance wound is usually in no way commensurate with the large size of the foreign body the presence of which is frequently not suspected. The surgical removal of these foreign bodies requires careful pre-operative assessment to avoid hemorrhages and undue injury to the surrounding normal brain tissue.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1977

Traumatic vertebral arteriovenous fistula associated with cervical spine fracture.

A case of a traumatic vertebral arteriovenous fistula associated with a high cervical fracture-dislocation is reported. The fistula was not suspected clinically but was fortuitously diagnosed by brachial arteriography carried out for a deteriorating level of consciousness. The patient's complex injuries were managed by conservative treatment of the fracture-dislocation and later by ligation of the proximal and distal vertebral artery for trapping of the fistula. The indications and the various surgical procedures for the treatment of vertebral arteriovenous fistula are discussed. The report emphasizes the value of cerebral angiography in head and neck injuries.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1977

Sphenoethmoidal encephalocele: a case report with review of the literature.

A rare case of sphenoethmoidal encephalocele with detailed pathological studies is reported. Only a few cases have been documented and were reviewed. The etiology and embryology of the congenital malformation remains speculative with an agreement on their development at an early embryonic stage. The mass presenting in the nasopharyngeal cavity remains often undetected unless causing respiratory embarrassment and is frequently misdiagnosed. Thorough radiological investigations detect the bone defect and outline the extent of the herniated mass and associated cerebral abnormalities. Small lesions have been successfully repaired. Larger ones prove less amenable to surgery and carry a high mortality.

Brain↗