Antimicrobial defence mechanisms in lower animals.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to F E Cox.
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Parasitic diseases present major problems to man and his domesticated animals but do not respond easily to conventional vaccination procedures. Vaccines including attenuated stains, killed parasites, homogenates and soluble extracts all produce varying degrees of protection but controlled infections and immunisation with heterologous species or nonspecific antigens also induce protective immunity.
Mice which have recovered from infections with the avirulent piroplasm Babesia microti are also resistant to challenge with the virulent malaria parasite Plasmodium vinckei. In mice infected with P. vinckei before the peak of the B. microti infection the numbers of malaria parasites in the blood increase until that peak and are then eliminated at the same time as the piroplasms. In mice infected with P. vinckei at or after the peak there is no apparent multiplication and the malaria parasites begin to disappear from the blood immediately. The malaria parasites in doubly infected mice show signs of degeneration similar to those seen in mice pre-treated with Corynebacterium parvum and it is suggested that a common mechanism exists in homologous and heterologous immunity and in immunity following pre-treatment with C. parvum or BCG.
Mice which had been pre-treated with killed Corynebacterium parvum given intravenously or intraperitoneally, but not subcutaneously, were completely resistant to infection with Babesia microti or B. rodhaini, and were protected from death caused by Plasmodium vinckei or P. chabaudi infection. There is evidence that the parasites died within circulating erythrocytes. This occurred much too soon for a specific antibody response to be evoked, and no antibody could be detected by the indirect fluorescent-antibody technique. Thus it is suggested that a non-specific soluble mediator may play an important role in the protection observed.
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