[Viral infection and occupational risks].
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Biomedical subjects
F Denis
Publications and source records attributed to F Denis.
[Study of the intraperitoneal penetration of imipenem/cilastatin in acute peritonitis with perforation].
A study was performed to investigate the intraperitoneal penetration of Imipenem/cilastatin into inflammatory peritoneal fluid. Six patients undergoing abdominal surgery (acute peritonitis), were treated with Imipenem/cilastatin (4 perfusions of 0.5 g/day) during 5 days after the intervention. Plasma samples were obtained on day 1 and 4 at the pic and at the valley; peritoneal samples were obtained every days for 4 days, 1, 3 and 6 hours after the end of a perfusion. The samples were immediately stabilised following the manufacturer instructions and quick freezed at -80 degrees C. Dosages were performed using a microbiological assay. The mean peritoneal levels are above the MIC 90 of the more frequent bacteria which cause infection in abdominal surgery. Moreover none of the patients showed relapse of infection or complication during this treatment.
Acute Disease↗
Multicentre evaluation of a new commercial latex agglutination test using a monoclonal antibody for rotavirus detection.
A new commercial latex-agglutination test using a monoclonal antibody for detection of rotavirus (Slidex Rota-Kit 2) was compared with three other tests (Slidex Rota-Kit, Rotalex, Rotazyme II) using immunoelectron microscopy and a monoclonal enzyme immunoassay as reference tests. Slidex Rota-Kit 2 was more sensitive and specific than the other tests, and would thus appear to be a practical and accurate rotavirus assay for use in routine laboratory work.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Adhesive properties of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from infants with acute diarrhea in Africa.
The adhesive properties of 69 enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains were studied. The strains were isolated from diarrheal stools of infants in Burundi, Africa, and identified by serotyping with 12 classical EPEC O serogroup antisera. A test for adhesion to HEp-2 cells revealed that 52% of the strains showed localized adherence and 13% diffuse adherence. Localized adherence phenotype was found in previously described serogroups O86, O111, O125, O127, O128 and O142; strains belonging to another serogroup, O126, also exhibited localized adherence. Use of an EPEC adherence factor DNA probe in colony hybridization and in Southern blot techniques revealed that all strains exhibiting localized adherence and no strain exhibiting diffuse adherence produced a positive reaction; the genes were localized on high molecular weight plasmids (50-70 megadaltons). In vitro adhesion tests with human enterocytes performed concurrently with all 69 strains showed that only six of them adhered. These strains belonged to the O26, O117, O125, O128 and O142 serogroups. The adhesin CFA/I was detected only in the O128 Escherichia coli. The strain of serogroup O142 exhibited both adhesion to human enterocytes and localized adherence to HEp-2 cells, which suggests that the adhesive systems of enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli may coexist.
Bacterial Adhesion↗
Prevalence of antibody to human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in populations of Ivory Coast, West Africa.
A large cross-sectional serologic survey for human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) antibody was conducted in 3,177 Ivory Coast residents to evaluate the prevalence of HTLV-1 and to determine possible risk factors and correlates of HTLV-1 infection. Of the 3,177 serum samples, 110 (3.5%) were positive for antibody to HTLV-1 by indirect immunofluorescence assay and Western blot. The prevalence of HTLV-1 antibody in the general adult population was 1.8% and increased significantly with age. No difference between males (1.5%) and females (2%) was found. The highest prevalences were observed in female prostitutes (7.4%), patients with neurologic syndromes (5.8%), and lepers (13.7%). The high prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in prostitutes suggests that heterosexual contact is involved in the transmission of HTLV-1 and that prostitutes could play an important role in the spread of the virus in Africa. The high prevalence of HTLV-1 in patients with neurologic syndromes confirms the association between HTLV-1 and some type of neuropathies, as has been observed in the West Indies and Japan. The high prevalence observed in lepers deserves further investigation to find the cause of the association. Twenty-five individuals, including prostitutes, were coinfected with HTLV-1 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Prospective studies are necessary to evaluate the exact role of HTLV-1 alone or in combination with HIV in inducing specific diseases.
Child↗
Heterogeneous bullous pemphigoid antibodies: detection and characterization by immunoblotting when absent by indirect immunofluorescence.
We studied sera from 59 patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP) and 25 control subjects (normal volunteers, patients with pemphigus, psoriasis, eczema, or other dermatoses) by western blotting analysis on protein bands from normal human heat-separated epidermis. BP sera reacted with four protein bands that were not detected by control sera: two major bands at 220-240 and 165 kD and two faint bands at 190 and 95 kD. Three of these bands were significantly associated with BP: 220-240 kd (51% of the BP patients; p less than 0.001), 165 kD (49%; p less than 0.001) and 190 kD (20%; p less than 0.05). These results are consistent with a molecular heterogeneity of BP antibodies, because each individual BP serum showed a distinctive pattern of reactivity. Thirty out of the 59 BP sera contained anti-basement membrane zone antibodies demonstrable by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). All these IIF positive BP sera reacted by immunoblotting with at least one protein band: 23 (77%) with the 220-240-kD band and 21 (70%) with the 165-kD band. Furthermore, 45% of the 29 IIF negative BP sera showed a reactivity with the 220-240-kD band and/or the 165-kD band. These results indicate that western immunoblotting might be a more sensitive method for the detection of circulating BP antibodies than IIF techniques, including IIF on salt split skin.
Antibodies↗
Seroepidemiology of Campylobacter pylori infection in various populations.
Campylobacter pylori infection has been recognized as being strongly associated with chronic gastritis and duodenal ulceration, but the prevalence of C. pylori infection in a normal population is not known. A serological survey was conducted in four countries with different geographical and socioeconomic status, in a randomly chosen population as representative as possible, by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a sonic extract of two strains as the antigen. The test had a specificity of 94% when 600 ELISA units was used as the threshold. In France, few children were infected before the age of 10 years. The prevalence then increased gradually to 36.7% in the sixth decade of life. This increasing prevalence of infection with age was also observed in Algeria, Vietnam, and the Ivory Coast but at a higher rate (80 to 90%). In Vietnam, as in France, few children were infected, whereas in Africa, C. pylori infection occurred earlier. The prevalence of infection did not differ with sex for a particular age group; it also did not differ with respect to gastric symptoms, smoking and drinking habits, or urban or rural residence when these potential risk factors were studied. The epidemiological data available on peptic ulcer disease in developing countries compared with developed countries led to the speculation that infection with C. pylori is not a sufficient condition to develop this disease.
Age Factors↗
Salmonella bonariensis salmonellosis, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure.
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Acute Kidney Injury↗
[Serologic survey on Chlamydia trachomatis in different populations of the Ivory Coast].
Chlamydial serum antibodies were screened in more than 1,000 persons by immunofluorescence test. C. trachomatis antibodies (greater than or equal to 1/16 for males, greater than or equal to 1/64 for females) were found more frequently in risk group (prostitutes: 64.7%, prisoners: 64.0%) than in control groups (pregnant women: 18.8%, children: 6.6%). The presence of antibodies to C. trachomatis was correlated with presence of T. pallidum and HIV antibodies.
Adult↗
Hepatitis B virus infection in lepromatous and tuberculoid patients from Senegal.
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) seric markers (HBs Ag, anti-HBs, and HBe Ag) were studied in 987 Senegalese leprosy patients (lepromatous: LL; tuberculoid: TT) in comparison with 6187 healthy adults (controls). Two populations of leprosy patients from ILAD (Institut de Léprologie Appliquée de Dakar) were studied: The First study (i.e.: study I) between 1973 and 1977 included 553 patients (329 LL; 224 TT). The Second study (i.e.: study II) between 1982 and 1986 included 434 patients (236 LL; 198 TT). HBV serological markers were tested by various techniques. By RIA, they were present in 98% and 96.5% in the studies I and II respectively. Each marker was studied and compared to the control population. HBs Ag detected by RIA was present in 25.5% (study I) and 23.0% (study II) when comparing to 15.2% in the control group. This marker was correlated with leprosy forms (LL and TT), age, sex, ethnic group.
Female↗
Streptococcal cause of erysipelas and cellulitis in adults. A microbiologic study using a direct immunofluorescence technique.
We prospectively studied 42 adult patients with acute dermis and soft-tissue infections (27 with erysipelas and 15 with acute cellulitis) involving the lower limb in all except one case. Streptococcus organisms (groups A, C, D, and G) were researched in skin biopsy specimens by a direct immunofluorescent (DIF) technique using commercially available antibodies. Our results showed that DIF gives a sensitivity of 0.70 for the in situ detection of streptococci in cases of erysipelas and cellulitis. With the obvious contribution of this DIF technique, streptococcal pathogens could be detected in situ and grouped in 19 of 27 cases of erysipelas (group A, 13; group B, 1; group C, 1; and group G, 4) and in ten of 15 cases of cellulitis (group A, 9; group B, 1). Combined data, including conventional cultures, DIF studies, and serologic findings, established that Streptococcus organisms, especially Streptococcus pyogenes (A), were, in nearly all cases, responsible for both erysipelas (26/27 cases) and acute cellulitis (11/15 cases) involving the lower limb in adults.
Adult↗
Management of neuromuscular spinal deformities with Luque segmental instrumentation.
Forty-six patients who had a neuromuscular spinal deformity were treated with arthrodesis and Luque segmental spinal instrumentation and were followed for an average of three years. Twenty-two patients had cerebral palsy and twenty-four had another neuromuscular disease. In thirty-nine patients, the arthrodesis was extended to the sacrum. Eleven patients who had severe scoliosis as well as pelvic obliquity and decompensation of the torso had a combined anterior and posterior arthrodesis; the other thirty-five patients had a one-stage posterior procedure. Preoperatively, the average scoliosis was 74 degrees; this was corrected to 39 degrees at follow-up. Final corrections were similar for scoliosis and were better for pelvic obliquity and decompensation of the torso in patients who had combined anterior and posterior arthrodesis. The results for scoliosis and pelvic obliquity in patients who had a spastic deformity were similar to the results in patients who had a flaccid deformity. Correction of decompensation of the torso was better in patients who had a spastic deformity. Postoperatively, a brace was used in half of the patients in each group; this did not appear to affect the amount of correction in either group, although the result may have been influenced by the selection process. The rate of complications was 48 per cent. Pseudarthrosis occurred in three patients (6.5 per cent). There were no major neurological deficits related to the correction or to the use of sublaminar wires. Three patients died, one in the immediate postoperative period and the other two at eighteen months and four years after the original procedure, due to causes unrelated to the operation.
Adolescent↗
[Sudden deafness: apropos of 19 cases. Results of treatment with pentoxifylline. Value of erythrocyte filtration time].
Between March 85 and November 86, 20 patients underwent treatment for sudden deafness [19] or bilateral tinnitus [1] by Pentoxifylline (1 200 mg/24 Hrs, including 400 mg IV over 24 Hrs) and Carbogen sessions (2 or 3/24 Hrs), during six days on an in-patient basis, followed by 1 200 mg/24 Hrs orally during another eight days. The results, assessed by clinical examination, audiometry, and erythrocyte filtration time (using the Reid and Dormandy method) on the first, sixth, and fourtheenth days, were: -- good or very good a little more than 75%, -- moderate: 5%, -- poor: a little fewer than 20%. Filtration times in a group of asymptomatic patients, determined by the same method, were used as a reference.
Adolescent↗
Surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A comparative analysis.
Three hundred and fifty-two patients had a one-stage posterior spinal arthrodesis between 1960 and 1984 using one of four types of instrumentation: a Harrington distraction rod, Harrington distraction and compression rods, Harrington distraction and compression rods with a device for transverse traction, and a Harrington distraction rod with sublaminar wires. All of the patients were female (age-range, eleven to nineteen years), and all had idiopathic scoliosis with a single right or double thoracic curve. The minimum length of follow-up was two years. No significant difference was found among the four groups relative to the amount of correction that was obtained at operation or maintained two years after operation. An average of 13.5 per cent of correction was lost during follow-up in the patients who were treated with postoperative immobilization, and an average of 27 per cent was lost in the patients who were treated with sublaminar wires without immobilization. The use of a straight Harrington rod reduced normal thoracic kyphosis, the addition of a compression rod corrected hyperkyphosis, and the use of a rod with sublaminar wires corrected thoracic hypokyphosis or thoracic lordosis.
Adolescent↗
[Intraocular passage of imipenem in man].
Twenty two patients (mean age: 69 years) undergoing cataract surgery were perfused with imipenem (1g for 1 hour). The samples of serum and aqueous humor were taken simultaneously 0.5-1-2-5-7 hours after the end of perfusion and immediately stabilized by MES or MOPS buffers and ethylene glycol. The antibiotic concentrations were determined with Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. Aqueous humor levels increased from the end of perfusion to 2nd hour (peak 5.2 mg/l) and decreased after (mean level 2.8 mg/l). The concentrations were well above MIC-90 of the species commonly involved in bacterial endophthalmitis. Imipenem appears to have an exceptional penetration into ocular fluids.
Aged↗
[Roxithromycin passage in the cervix mucus].
We studied the diffusion of roxithromycin in the cervix mucus of fifteen healthy normal women, aged 24 to 44 (median 37). They were consulting physician to have an IUD. After this intervention (between the 4 to 7 days of menstrual cycle) they received an antibiotic treatment with the standard dose of roxithromycin: 150 mg bd for a week. At the end of this treatment the cervix mucus was taken 1 to 12 hours after the last antibiotic dose. We dose the roxithromycin by a microbial assay (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, antibiotic medium 1, pH 8) and the acid alpha-1-glycoprotein by an immunodiffusion assay. All women had drug measurable with levels from 0.45 to 2.07 mg/l (median: 0.80 mg/l). The acid alpha-1-glycoprotein levels were quite constant (median: 0.19 mg/l). The antibiotic concentrations observed are above the MIC of the major genital pathogens, mainly C. trachomatis, G. vaginalis, H. ducreyi and U. urealyticum, but lower than the MIC ov N. gonorrhoeae and M. hominis.
Administration, Oral↗
HIV-2 antibodies in African with spastic paraplegia.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Characterization of SE-3, a virulent bacteriophage of Saccharopolyspora erythraea.
SE-3 is a virulent bacteriophage isolated from a large-scale culture of Saccharopolyspora erythraea, an erythromycin producer. The host range of the phage is narrow, limited to some strains of this species. Another strain of Sac. erythraea, and a strain of Sac. hirsuta, are able to adsorb phage particles but do not sustain their complete multiplication. SE-3 is closely related to the phage SE-5 as shown by DNA restriction mapping. The differences between SE-3 and SE-5 genomes are apparently limited to two DNA segments flanked by short inverted repeats, visualized by electron microscopy.
Bacteriophages↗