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Biomedical subjects

F Cartier

Publications and source records attributed to F Cartier.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The prognostic value of plasma viremia in HIV-infected patients under AZT treatment: a two-year follow-up study.

To determine the prognostic value of plasma viremia in long-term zidovudine (AZT)-treated HIV-infected patients, HIV-1 plasma viremia (PV) was quantified in 28 HIV-infected patients before and during AZT long-term treatment; the follow-up also included p24 antigenemia and CD4 cell counts. The variations of these markers during the follow-up period, the correlation with the clinical outcome (progressors versus nonprogressors), and the discrepancies between PV and surrogate markers were then analyzed. A significant and stable decrease in PV titer was observed in only nonprogressors (Friedman test, p < 0.005). At the end of follow-up, 11 (73%) of the 15 non-progressors were PV responders (patients who remained or became PV- long-term), whereas all the 13 progressors were PV nonresponders (patients who remained or became PV+). These results indicated a strong correlation between PV and clinical outcome (Fischer's exact test, p < 0.0001). The persistence, increase, or reappearance of viral replication appeared to be an important predictor of poor clinical outcome in HIV-infected patients under AZT treatment. This finding could provide a rational basis to help the clinician's decision in the clinical treatment of HIV-infected patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Inhibition of intracellular growth of Listeria monocytogenes by antibiotics.

We studied the activities of 15 antibiotics on the intracellular growth of Listeria monocytogenes in a HeLa cell line. After 24 h of contact with the infected cells, the antibiotics most effective against the intracellular growth of the 10 strains tested were amoxicillin, temafloxacin, and sparfloxacin, which nevertheless failed to totally eliminate the intracellular bacteria. Rifampin and co-trimoxazole had variable effects, depending on the isolates studied. The most active combinations were amoxicillin-sparfloxacin, co-trimoxazole-gentamicin, and sparfloxacin-co-trimoxazole. The results suggest the value of using a cell culture technique to study the activities of antibiotics against certain bacteria with intracellular sites of multiplication.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1993

Sustained bacteremia in 26 patients with a permanent endocardial pacemaker: assessment of wire removal.

We reviewed the data on 26 patients with permanent endocardial pacemakers who had 28 episodes of bacteremia to determine whether removal of the wire is required. Patients recovered completely from the first episode in seven of 20 cases of staphylococcal bacteremia and in six of six cases of nonstaphylococcal bacteremia (P = .015). Definitive cure was not achieved during the first episode in seven cases of staphylococcal bacteremia related to the pacing system when the wire was not withdrawn; however, cure was achieved in five of six cases when the whole pacemaker was removed (P < .01). The duration of treatment was longer for the patients from whom the wire was not removed during the first episode (P < .01). Whether cases of staphylococcal bacteremia were related to the pacing system or not, the rate of recovery of the responsible microorganism from the wires was similar for both groups of patients (six [82%] of seven and three [75%] of four, respectively). Nonstaphylococcal bacteremia was unrelated to the pacing system in five of six cases; these patients were all cured without removal of the wire.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a pathologically documented case report.

We report a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in whom the acute onset of neurologic disorders and renal failure could be attributed to thrombotic microangiopathy. Clinical, biological, and pathological features were compatible with the diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Such cases have been previously described, but histologically documented case reports are uncommon.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1990

[Nosocomial urinary tract infection].

Care for asepsis and the use of a closed drainage system reduce the risk of urinary tract infection with indwelling catheter. Beyond a few days, infection will still end to occur, earlier in female and diabetic patients. Local or systemic antimicrobials have neither prophylactic nor even therapeutic actual usefulness, as long as infection remain asymptomatic, which is by far the most frequent situation. Thus, repeated cultures of urine samples are needless. Treatment should be applied to symptomatic infection. The risk for infection is lower in case of intermittent catheterization, with the use of a penilex or a percutaneous bladder catheter. Some instrumental procedures of surgical techniques require short-term antimicrobial prophylaxis: prostatic endoscopic resection, transperineal or transrectal prostatic biopsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, prostatectomy, cystectomy, prostheses implantation.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

[Urologic complications after 333 kidney transplantations].

26 urological complications were observed in 25 patients following 333 kidney transplantations. The low incidence of these complications (7.8%) is largely due to the systematic resort to the Leadbetter-Politano ureterovesical anastomosis, except in one case (uretero-ureterostomy due to the shortness of the graft). We recorded 9 urinary fistulae and 17 cases of ureteral obstruction. Urinary lithiasis was excluded from this work. Urinary fistulae occur almost only between the second week and the end of the first month. Ureteral obstructions occur relatively early (within 30 days in 14 cases and within the first 48 hours in 9 cases). Two grafts were lost (8% of complications, but 0.6% of the entire series), and one patient died following transplantectomy. In 10 of 26 cases (38.5%), the etiology of the urological complication was related to the harvesting technique (2 short ureters, 8 ischemic ureters).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Adult respiratory distress syndrome, a manifestation of severe pneumococcal infection].

A retrospective study analyzing the case notes of 49 hospitalized adults, either in intensive care (n = 26) or in thoracic medicine units (n = 23), for acute bacteriologically proven pneumococcal pneumonia based on samples obtained other than by sputum examination. The mortality was 54% in intensive care and 17% in the thoracic medicine unit. This significant difference may be explained in part by a respiratory distress syndrome in whom there were adequate criteria on admission for 7 patients in the intensive care group. Among these latter only one patient had had a splenectomy. The others did not have underlying disorders (three were chronic alcoholics); 7 patients were shocked on admission, four with a leukopenia less than 5,000/mm3 and six had a thrombocytopenia less than 100,000/mm3; finally 6 had a temperature of less than 38 degrees C. 7 patients died in less than four days (mean 2 days) in a clinical context of refractory hypoxemia. The significance of the respiratory distress syndrome is probably very different from the usual pneumonia; it seems rather to be an integration of the toxins induced by the pneumococcus. Its presentation can be particularly misleading as regards the diagnosis; the prescription of antibiotics once a diagnosis is obtained would seem insufficient by itself in this context to obtain a cure.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in intensive care].

Pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftriaxone were studied on day 1 and 5 in 21 patients admitted in an ICU for severe infections. All patients received a single daily infusion of 2 g of ceftriaxone during 15 minutes. We have determined the ratio to the daily dose of serum ceftriaxone concentrations (peak level and trough level) and of areas under the curve. According to renal function and the existence of cholestasis, the results of our study showed: 1) In patients with creatinine clearance greater than 10 ml/mn and without cholestasis, a single daily infusion of 2 g ceftriaxone achieves therapeutic blood levels without any accumulation phenomenon. 2) In patients requiring hemodialysis without cholestasis, the period between two 2 g doses should be prolonged to 48 h. 3) Marked cholestasis and creatinine clearance greater than 10 ml/mn prolong the elimination half-life of ceftriaxone leading to an interval extension of the single dose of 2 g. Further investigations are needed in the latter situation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[What has become of preliminary transfusion protocols in kidney transplantation?].

Many studies have demonstrated that pretransplant blood transfusions improved cadaver kidney graft outcome. The nature and the frequency of transfusions-induced lymphocytotoxic antibodies depends of sex, previous pregnancies and kidney grafts, and transfusional patterns. This provoked immunisation is not a hindrance to beneficial effects of transfusions. Numerous reports have investigated the responsible mechanism for this effect. Controversial data concern the optimum number of blood units. In a previous prospective study in patients who received anti-lymphocyte globulins as part of immunosuppressive therapy, we have shown that a multiple transfusions policy does not give better results than only one. Recently, the beneficial effect of transfusions has been questioned, either entirely, or for particular patients according to age, sex, immunosuppressive treatment including cyclosporin or not. This leaded us to reassess benefits of transfusions.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1986

Increase in blood plasma levels of boron and strontium in hemodialyzed patients.

Boron and strontium concentrations in blood plasma of controls and hemodialyzed patients from two Centers were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. Boron concentrations in blood plasma were respectively, in controls 2.6 +/- 0.9 mumol/l and in hemodialyzed patients 16.1 +/- 5.6 mumol/l before the dialysis session and 9.5 +/- 3.2 mumol/l at the end. The decrease in blood plasma during the dialysis was concomitant with an increase in the dialysis fluid (1.2 +/- 0.7 mumol/l at the beginning and 4.6 +/- 1.8 mumol/l at the end). Strontium concentrations in blood plasma were respectively, in controls 0.22 +/- 0.06 mumol/l and in hemodialyzed patients 0.62 +/- 0.24 mumol/l before the dialysis session and 0.64 +/- 0.14 mumol/l at the end. The mean concentration of strontium in the dialysis fluid was the same before (0.49 +/- 0.11 mumol/l) and after the dialysis session (0.49 +/- 0.10 mumol/l), but a transfer between plasma and dialysis fluid was shown by individual changes. Some considerations about these results are put forward but their possible clinical consequences are not yet known.

Adult↗