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Biomedical subjects

F Carli

Publications and source records attributed to F Carli.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Thermogenesis after major elective surgical procedures.

Sequential changes of body temperature have been measured for 48 h in 147 patients after major elective abdominal, cardiac, orthopaedic and pelvic surgery. Core temperature (aural canal) started to increase immediately after surgery reaching a mean peak value of 37.5 degrees C 14 h (range 8-16) after the end of surgery. Subsequently, a second peak of 37.4 degrees C was shown 18 h (range 16-20) later. The time interval between these two peak temperatures was constant for all types of surgery studied. A close examination of core temperature oscillations during a 72-h postoperative period and a comparison with a pre-operative 24-h cycle in a group of 14 patients who underwent cardiac surgery did not show any circadian rhythm. In the third part of the study, analysis of postoperative body temperature and metabolic rate showed a similar pattern of increase for core and mean skin temperatures, and oxygen consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A case of prolonged hypotension following intravenous guanethidine block.

A 25-year-old female developed causalgia following a nerve injury in the left hand, and this was treated successfully with a series of intravenous guanethidine blocks. However, after the 13th block, systolic arterial blood pressure decreased to 60 mmHg and remained low (80 mmHg) for one week. Accumulation of guanethidine at the sympathetic nerve ending, resulting in autonomic denervation, might be the underlying mechanism of the prolonged hypotension. Treatment was conservative; however, the use of tricyclic antidepressants and sympathomimetic amines to restore the blood pressure to a normal level can be considered with appropriate caution.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of heat conservation during and after major abdominal surgery on muscle protein breakdown in elderly patients.

Changes in mean body temperature and muscle protein metabolism were studied in elderly patients undergoing large bowel surgery. Two groups were studied: in one, efforts were made to maintain the patients normothermic during and after surgery by warming the fresh gases, the i.v. fluids, by placing warmed cotton padding around the exposed parts of the body and by covering the patients with a metallized plastic sheet in the recovery period. The other group received routine management. Otherwise the anaesthetic technique was comparable. The excretion of the amino acid 3-methylhistidine (3-MeH), an indicator of muscle protein breakdown, and urea nitrogen loss were measured in the urine collected the day before, and on the 2nd and 4th postoperative days. Prevention of heat loss during and after surgery caused a significant decrease in muscle protein degradation and nitrogen loss.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

An investigation of factors affecting postoperative rewarming of adult patients.

Aural canal temperature was measured for one hour after arrival in the recovery room in 200 adult patients who underwent one of the following types of major surgery: abdominal, pelvic, vascular, orthopaedic or prostatic. One group of 100 patients was studied in the recovery room of Hammersmith Hospital which was not equipped with a controlled system for constant ventilation and humidification, while the other 100 patients were studied in the recovery room of Edgware General Hospital, which had a constant ambient temperature and controlled relative humidity with 20 air changes/hour. The rate of rewarming was found to be similar in both groups. Within the range of ambient temperatures and relative humidities measured, patients over 60 years of age rewarmed more slowly than did patients under 60 years (p less than 0.05). General anaesthesia was associated with significantly faster rewarming than was local anaesthesia (p less than 0.01).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of drug loading in crospovidone by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

The mechanism of drug loading in cross-linked polymers was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This gave the atomic composition of the surface layers of the loaded polymeric particles so that the exact location of the drug molecules could be identified. Three different lots of popcorn crospovidone and a chemically cross-linked povidone were loaded by solvent swelling, with griseofulvin chosen as the drug model. The resulting drug-polymer systems were characterized by XPS, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry, and electron scanning microscopy. The XPS technique was found to give interesting information on the griseofulvin distribution in the polymeric particles.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
PubMed1985

The haemodynamic effects of intravenous induction. Comparison of the effects of thiopentone and propofol.

The haemodynamic changes following induction of anaesthesia with equipotent doses of propofol and thiopentone have been compared. Propofol caused a significant fall in arterial blood pressure and total peripheral resistance, with a slight fall in cardiac output. There were no changes in heart rate. Apart from an initial, but statistically insignificant increase in heart rate, similar changes were produced by thiopentone, but to a lesser degree. It is concluded that induction of anaesthesia with propofol results in acceptable haemodynamic changes, but that the agent is more depressant to the cardiovascular system than thiopentone.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1985

Interrupter technique for measurement of respiratory mechanics in anesthetized humans.

Flow (V), volume (V), and tracheal pressure (Ptr) were measured throughout a series of brief (100 ms) interruptions of expiratory V in six patients during anesthesia (halothane-N2O) and anesthesia-paralysis (succinylcholine). For the latter part of spontaneous expiration and throughout passive deflation during muscle paralysis, a plateau in postinterruption Ptr was observed, indicating respiratory muscle relaxation. Under these conditions, passive elastance of the total respiratory system (Ers) was determined as the plateau in postinterruption Ptr divided by the corresponding V. The pressure-flow relationship of the total system was determined by plotting the plateau in Ptr during interruption against the immediately preceding V. Ers averaged 23.5 +/- 1.9 (SD) cmH2O X l-1 during anesthesia and 25.5 +/- 5.4 cmH2O X l-1 during anesthesia-paralysis. Corresponding values of total respiratory system resistance were 2.0 +/- 0.8 and 1.9 +/- 0.6 cmH2O X l-1 X s, respectively. Respiratory mechanics determined during anesthesia paralysis using the single-breath method (W.A. Zin, L. D. Pengelly, and J. Milic-Emili, J. Appl. Physiol. 52: 1266-1271, 1982) were also similar. Early in spontaneous expiration, however, Ptr increased progressively during the period of interruption, reflecting the presence of gradually decreasing antagonistic (postinspiratory) pressure of the inspiratory muscles. In conclusion, the interrupter technique allows for simultaneous determination of the passive elastic as well as flow-resistive properties of the total respiratory system. The presence of a plateau in postinterruption Ptr may be employed as a useful and simple criterion to confirm the presence of respiratory muscle relaxation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Particle size and surface area distributions of pharmaceutical powders by microcomputerized mercury porosimetry.

The Mayer-Stowe theory was applied to derive the particle size distribution of powders of pharmaceutical interest using mercury porosimetry. Particle size data obtained by this approach are fairly comparable with data derived by other, more popular, techniques such as the electrical sensing zone or the air jet sieving methods provided that the experimental value of the mercury-powder contact angle and the state of aggregation of the powder are carefully studied. Furthermore, by applying the Rootare-Prenzlow method a surface area distribution can also be derived from the same porosimetry data used to obtain the particle size distribution. All experiments were carried out with a microcomputerized mercury porosimeter, which allows storage of data during the analysis and a subsequent fast elaboration at the end of the run, with fully printed data on pore size, pore volume, surface area, and particle size of the powder sample.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed1983

Etomidate infusion in thoracic anaesthesia.

An etomidate infusion was used in the place of nitrous oxide during one lung anaesthesia for 40 patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Analgesia was provided by fentanyl. A mixture of oxygen and air was used to maintain arterial oxygen tension within normal limits despite one lung anaesthesia and enabled the use of nitrous oxide to be avoided in several patients who had lung cysts. Recovery was fairly rapid (mean (SEM) 11.5 (1.4) minutes). There was no incidence of awareness or dreams. This technique provides satisfactory anaesthesia and oxygenation during thoracic surgery when one lung only is being ventilated.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Investigation of the relationship between heat loss and nitrogen excretion in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery under general anaesthetic.

An attempt was made to reduce heat loss in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Two groups were studied. In one group, efforts were made to minimize heat loss by using a hot-water humidifier in the anaesthetic circuit, a hot-water circulating mattress under the patient and warming all i.v. fluids. Otherwise, the surgical and anaesthetic techniques were comparable. The same anaesthetic technique of nitrous oxide, oxygen, pancuronium and fentanyl with intermittent positive pressure ventilation was used in all cases. Nitrogen loss was measured in urine collected over 48 h from an indwelling urinary catheter inserted soon after induction of anaesthesia. Prevention of heat loss during anaesthesia and postoperative recovery caused a significant reduction in nitrogen loss.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1981

The effect of compression on the capillary microstructure of tablets.

The effect of compaction pressure on the capillary characteristics of compacts of a crystalline drug and of a pure polymer was studied by means of penetration and porosimetry measurements. Not only the constant but also the exponent m of the general penetration volume-time relationship V = Kmtm proved to be strongly dependent on the pressure: as the compaction pressure is increased, the value of m tends to decrease. The capillary penetration data also showed the development of a marked heterogeneity in the structure of the polymer compacts at the lower compaction pressures: at these pressures the surface layers showed a much lower penetrability than the inner core of the compacts, whereas at the higher pressures the structure of the compacts was homogeneous. Furthermore, on the basis of a generally used equation describing the powder consolidation process, it was possible to relate the most relevant variation of the kinetics of capillary penetration into the drug compacts to the deformation of the particles. It is concluded that the capillary penetration measurements can give useful information in the understanding of the behaviour of pharmaceutical powders under compression.

Permeability↗