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Biomedical subjects

F Carinci

Publications and source records attributed to F Carinci.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Apert's syndrome: cephalometric evaluation and considerations on pathogenesis.

Apert's syndrome is a malformation characterized by abnormalities in the cranial vault, midfacial malformations, and syndactylia. The present study analyzes the lateral and frontal projections of the teleradiograms from five patients. Data were taken on the skeletal features and an attempt was made to interpret them in terms of functional matrices. We have used cephalometry as a descriptive device although the intent was also to use it to provide a perspective on the pathogenetic data derived from the literature. The hypothesis analyzed is that from the outset of craniofacial pathogenesis there may be a primitive alteration of the cartilaginous template from which are derived endochondral bones. The progressive involvement of the synchondrosis of the cranial base is subsequently transmitted to the membranous structures of the vault and face through the coronal ring and lambdoid suture systems. Although the data gained do not actually confirm this hypothesis, they do provide further support for it.

Acrocephalosyndactylia↗
PubMed1995

Appropriateness and variation of surgical treatment of breast cancer in Italy: when excellence in clinical research does not match with generalized good quality care. Progetto Oncologia Femminile.

To assess appropriateness of surgical care delivered to breast cancer patients in Italy and quantify the use of unnecessary radical procedures, a retrospective charts review of patients treated in 1988-1989 was conducted. A series of 1724 consecutive patients (median age 61 years; range 17-89) treated in 63 hospitals selected from within 8 regions with newly diagnosed operable breast carcinoma was evaluated. Overall, 541 (38%) patients had inappropriate surgery with more than two thirds of it being accounted for by the use of unnecessary mutilating Halsted mastectomy. Substantial geographic variation emerged in the overall rates of appropriateness (range 88-52%) which were not substantially affected by allowance for imbalances in patient- and hospital-related variables. Despite the important contribution given by Italian clinical researchers to the demonstration that less radical surgery can be as good as more radical procedures, still a substantial proportion of breast cancer patients are treated too aggressively. Besides pointing to the urgent need of interventions aimed at facilitating the process of technology transfer in order to promote more appropriate surgical care, these results suggest that efforts to increase patients' participation into treatment decision and awareness about alternative treatment options are warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Heterogeneity of fibroblasts derived from human free and attached gingiva. Glycosaminoglycan synthesis and effects of phenytoin (PHT) treatment.

Two fibroblast populations derived from free and attached gingiva (FGF, AGF) have been compared in cell culture. They exhibited the same morphology and similar cytoskeletal staining patterns, but were different in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis. FGF released larger quantities of GAGs than AGF in the medium. The extracellular accumulation of hyaluronic acid was higher in FGF than in AGF, whilst the reverse pattern was observed intracellularly. In the case of sulphated GAGs the extracellular concentration, compared to HA, was higher in AGF, while the intracellular concentration was higher in FGF. The two cell populations responded differently to phenytoin (PHT) administration. PHT treatment increased the proportion of intracellular sulphated GAGs in AGF and of extracellular sulphated GAGs in FGF.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Histomorphological analysis of the effect of rigid fixation on growing sutures in the rabbit.

The effect of internal rigid fixation (IRF) on bone growth was studied in an experimental model set up in the rabbit. The frontonasal suture of the right side was surgically bridged by a microplate. As reference for bone growth, four screws were placed symmetrically in the four bony segments including the frontonasal suture on both sides. The suture development was followed dynamically for 40 days on the basis of the position of the screws established radiographically. The rate of bone formation along the sutural bones was evaluated by means of the tetracycline labelling technique. The structure of the newly formed bone and its degree of mineralization were respectively analysed under polarized light and with microradiography. It was demonstrated that IRF prevents growth of the sutural membrane but not of the osteogenic process; as a consequence the constrained sutures soon undergo synostosis. This fact must be taken into consideration when IRF is employed in children in order to avoid delayed removal of the plate irreversibly stopping the growth of the constrained suture.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Crouzon syndrome: cephalometric analysis and evaluation of pathogenesis.

Crouzon syndrome is a craniofaciostenosis characterized by brachycephaly, ocular proptosis, and maxillary retrusion. The hypothesis has been forwarded that an alteration in anterior cranial base synchondrosis activity is responsible for the skeleton abnormalities which are associated with this disorder. The present work was aimed at assessing this pathogenetic hypothesis. Cephalometry was used as the analysis method and care was taken in determining the three-dimensional measurements of some functional spaces (e.g., orbit, rhinopharynx, and nasal cavity). The results indicate that in Crouzon syndrome the craniofacial alterations depend not only on reduced synchondrosis activity of the anterior cranial base, but also of the posterior cranial base.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Ultrastructural features of cyclosporine A-induced gingival hyperplasia.

The present work collected data on the ultrastructural features of the attached gingiva in kidney transplant patients who showed gingival hyperplasia following cyclosporin A (Cy A) treatment. Ultrastructural examination was carried out on biopsies of attached gingiva obtained from 8 male patients (30 to 60 years old) undergoing treatment at the Dental Clinic of the University of Ferrara. The data showed that, although many fibroblasts are present in Cy A-induced hyperplasia, there is a particular abundance of amorphous substance compared to fibrous, as well as marked plasma cell infiltration. On the basis of the data collected, we hypothesize that the morphological features of the dimensional increase in gingival tissue associated with Cy A treatment in kidney transplant patients may be considered local manifestations of a systemic phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Hyaluronic acid modulates growth, morphology and cytoskeleton in embryonic chick skin fibroblasts.

The action that hyaluronic acid (HA) exerts on cell proliferation was investigated in embryonic chick skin fibroblasts at different ages (7-14 days) and in different cell-cycle stages evaluated by flow cytometry (cells maintained with and without serum). Proliferation was estimated by 3H-thymidine incorporation and cell counting. The results demonstrated hyaluronic acid inhibits cell multiplication in all different environmental conditions examined. The inhibitory effect of HA is more evident in 14-day than 7-day old fibroblasts. The ability of HA to modulate 3H-thymidine incorporation did not involve a change in the time required for cells entering the S phase of the replicating cycle, but is due to a smaller number of cells entering in this phase. As the relationships between components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cytoskeleton are known, parallel studies were carried out on some cytoskeleton proteins. Furthermore, by modifying the capacity of cells to adhere to the substrate, HA induced alterations in cell shape and in cytoskeleton components involved in these processes. We may hypothesize that HA, binding specific membrane receptors, affects cell adhesion and morphology inducing less receptivity of fibroblasts to mitogenic stimuli by transmembrane interactions with cytoskeleton.

Actinin↗
PubMed1992

Modulation of phenotype and cytoskeleton architecture by interleukin-1 alpha in human osteoblast-like cells in vitro.

Interleukin-1 alpha, a growth factor produced by macrophages as well as many other types of cells, is able to modulate biosynthetic activities in bone cells. In this work, the authors show that the administration of interleukin-1 alpha to osteoblast-like cells in vitro induces a marked change in cell morphology, which becomes dendritic, with a smaller cellular body and numerous prolongations. The morphological changes are also accompanied by an altered expression in the pattern of cytoskeleton proteins.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of rigid fixation on bone growth: a radiologic study in the rabbit].

The rigid fixation with plates represents an useful aid in the treatment of the maxillofacial diseases. To the best of our knowledge no studies on the effects of the plates placed across the growing fronto-nasal suture are available. We have therefore examined these effects in an experimental model represented by the suture of eight rabbits. The surgical procedure consists of placing one microplate and four screws across the frontonasal suture of each rabbit, one month old. Radiographies were made both at the moment of the operation and after thirty days. Our results demonstrate a decrease of the normal growth of the suture stressed by plates.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for lower limb complications in diabetic patients. The Italian Study Group for the Implementation of the St. Vincent Declaration.

Diabetic lower extremity complications may be influenced by a number of factors, including those related to the interaction between patients and the health-care system. Our objective is to identify risk factors for the development of lower limb complications, by looking for classical clinical variables and those related to quality of care. A case-control study was carried out between December 1993 and June 1994 by interviewing 348 patients with lower-limb diabetic complications and 1050 controls enrolled from 35 diabetes outpatient clinics and 49 general practitioner's offices in Italy. Among sociodemographic characteristics associated with increased risk of lower limb complications were male gender [odds ratio (OR) = 2.5, confidence interval (CI) 1.6-3.9], age between 50 and 70 years as opposed to younger than 50 (OR = 3.6, CI 2.1-6.3) and being single as opposed to married (OR = 1.4, CI 1.1-1.8). Among clinical variables, treatment with insulin for IDDM and NIDDM patients was an important predictor of lower extremity complications compared to NIDDM patients not being treated with insulin. Cardio-cerebrovascular disease and presence of diabetic neuropathy were associated with a higher risk of being a case (OR = 1.4, CI 1.2-1.8 and OR = 3.0, CI 2.1-4.2, respectively). Patients who needed help to reach the health facility before the onset of the complications and those who did not attend health facilities regularly were more liable to develop complications (OR = 1.5, CI 1.1-2.2 and OR = 2.0, CI 1.3-3.0, respectively). Patients who had never received educational intervention had a threefold risk of being a case as compared to those who received health information regularly. The study identifies factors most likely to be related to adverse outcome and permits to discriminate between avoidable and unavoidable factors.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip: FAS/FASL expression, lymphocyte subtypes and outcome.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lip is a relatively common malignancy of the head and neck region. Tumour thickness, grading and perineural invasion are significant prognostic indicators. However, there is still the need of new reliable biological markers able to predict the prognosis of the single cases with an unfavourable biological behaviour unpredictable by the classic clinical-pathological parameters. 32 cases of (SCC) of the lower lip were analysed for their clincopathologic features, and immunohistochemical expression of Fas/FasL in neoplastic cells and in inflammatory infiltrate. Moreover the density and phenotype of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were analysed. The results were related with the follow-up of the patients ranging from 2 to 6 years. The cases with over-expression of Fas/FasL in neoplastic cells and Fas+ in T cells preferentially showed a more aggressive clinical behaviour (P<0.01). Moreover we found an alteration of the normal expression of CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte types in ten cases. This data suggest that the Fas/FasL pathway is involved in the close relation between neoplastic cells and T cells and so in the biological behaviour of these tumours.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Potential markers of tongue tumor progression selected by cDNA microarray.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the most frequent malignant tumor of the oral cavity, generally exhibits a poor prognosis and metastases are the main cause of death. This tumor often arises from pre-malignant lesions. To date, it is difficult to predict if and which pre-malignant lesions may progress into oral SCC using traditional methods. For these reasons, several studies are trying to identify markers useful in the progression of pre-malignant lesions and tumors. To define the genetic expression profile of tongue tumor progression we compared 9 dysplasias (DS), 8 tumors without metastasis (TWM), 11 metastasizing SCCs (MT) of the tongue, and a baseline of 11 normal tissues by using cDNA microarray containing 19.2 K clones. We initially applied hierarchical agglomerative clustering based on information from all 6026 clones. Results were obtained by performing a two steps analysis: a Significance Analysis of Microarray (SAM) and a Gene Ontology search. One hundred and five clones have statistically significant different expression levels (FDR < 0.01) between DS and TWM, whereas 570 genes have statistically significant difference expression levels between TWM and MT (FDR < 0.01) as detected by SAM. By filtering with FatiGo only 33 genes were differentially expressed in TWN, respect to DS, whereas 155 genes were differentially expressed in MT respect to TWM. We detected some genes which encode for oncogenes, transcription factors and cell cycle regulators as potential markers of DS progression. Examples are BAG4, PAX3 and CCNI, respectively. Among potential markers of metastases are some genes related to cell mobility (TSPAN-2 and SNTA1), intercellular adhesion (integrin alpha 7) or extracellular matrix components (ADAMTS2 and cathepsin O). Additionally, under-expressed genes encoded apoptosis-related proteins (PDCD4 and CASP4). In conclusion, we identified several genes differentially expressed in tumor progression which can potentially help in better classifying pre-malignant lesions and tongue SCCs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Raloxifene covalently bonded to titanium implants by interfacing with (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane affects osteoblast-like cell gene expression.

Since Raloxifene, a drug used in osteoporosis therapy, inhibits the osteoclast functions but not osteoblast functions, it could improve the recovery during implant surgery. This preliminary report describes a simple method to link, through a covalent bond, Raloxifene to titanium by interfacing with (3-aminopropyl)-Triethoxysilane as assessed by the IR-FT and SEM. To evaluate the biological response of osteoblast-like cells to this implant, we compared expression gene profiling of cell cultures on Raloxifene conjugated implant and normal implant by DNA microarray. By using DNA microarrays containing 19,200 genes, we identified differently expressed genes in osteoblast-like cell line (MG-63). Surface Raloxifene conjugated implants have been shown to have a relevant importance in modifying cell response. This result could be an interesting starting point for the use of an immediate functional loading of implants.

Cell Line↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Stage grouping for head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis].

BACKGROUND: To compare the correlation of TANIS and 1997 UICC stage grouping with survival rate in head and neck carcinoma. METHODS: A series of 820 patients affected by primary carcinoma of paranasal sinuses (43 patients), oral cavity (100 patients), oropharynx (64 patients), larynx (599 patients) and parotid gland (134 patients) was considered in this retrospective study for a minimum follow-up of 5 years. The data set was classified according to 1997 UICC T-category and then grouped as recommended by the two systems. Data were analyzed by means of survival analyses (Kaplan-Meier and Cox algorithms). RESULTS: The total disease-specific survival rate at 5 years was 44% for paranasal sinuses, 54% for oral cavity, 28% for oropharynx, 86% for larynx and 65% for parotid gland. Globally, univariate analysis by means of Log Rank Test yielded significant p-values both for TANIS and 1997 UICC systems. Multivariate analysis (Cox regression adjusted for age and gender) showed a significant correlation between the two staging systems with the mortality rate. However, TANIS resulted in a higher prognostic value in oral cavity, oropharynx and larynx that are three sites affected by a homogeneous histological type of carcinoma (i.e. squamous cell carcinorna). CONCLUSIONS: TANIS stage grouping better defines the prognosis for head and neck cancer than the 1997 UICC system.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interleukin-1 alpha: regulation of cellular proliferation and collagen synthesis in cultured human osteoblast-like cells.

In this work the authors studied the effects of interleukin-1 alpha on metabolic activities of human osteoblast-like cells in vitro. The bone nature of the cells was established by assaying for specific bone protein, the osteonectin, and the parathormone receptor, an osteoblast marker. Administration of interleukin-1 alpha to cultured osteoblasts produce an increase in cellular proliferation as suggested by 3H-thymidine incorporation and cell growth studies. Interleukin-1 alpha also affected collagen synthesis confirming its potential role on bone-formation and resorption processes.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Selenium and oral cancer. Review of the literature].

During normal cellular metabolism, free oxygen radicals are constantly generated. These are extremely toxic. However, they are rapidly eliminated by a series of metabolic steps, which involve certain enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase (a selenium dependent enzyme). The toxic effect of free oxygen radicals has been suggested to have carcinogenic properties, and this hypothesis may be the link between low selenium levels and increased cancer morbidity. From this point of view a correct selenium concentration in the plasma may represent a form of chemioprevention. In fact, the concept of chemioprevention of carcinogenesis with inhibitory chemical compounds is particularly apropous to head and neck squamous cell cancer control, because the incidence of metachronous second primary tumours in surviving patients with oral cancer is very high.

Carcinogens↗