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Biomedical subjects

F Capasso

Publications and source records attributed to F Capasso.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

PAF formation by human gastrointestinal mucosa/submucosa in-vitro: release by ricinoleic acid, and inhibition by 5-aminosalicylic acid.

Human isolated gastrointestinal mucosa/submucosa incubated with ricinoleic acid (12.5-100 micrograms mL-1) or the calcium ionophore A23187 (10 micrograms mL-1) released platelet-activating factor (PAF) as determined by a scintillation proximity assay after extraction and purification. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (25-100 micrograms mL-1) inhibited PAF release by ricinoleic acid in a concentration-dependent manner, and 50 micrograms mL-1 reduced the effect of A23187. We suggest that PAF may play a role in the laxation and mucosal damage by ricinoleic acid released from castor oil.

Aminosalicylic Acids↗
PubMed1992

Research on heterocyclic compounds, XXIX. Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives.

The reaction in anhydrous ethanol of some substituted 2-aminopyrazines with ethyl 2-benzoyl-2-bromoacetate or with ethyl 3-bromo-4-oxopentanoate afforded a group of ethyl 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-3-carboxylates and a group of ethyl 2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-3-acetates, respectively. The corresponding acids obtained via alkaline hydrolysis were subjected to pharmacological testing in vivo in order to evaluate their antiinflammatory activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Release of platelet-activating factor (PAF) from human colon mucosa and its inhibition by 5-aminosalicylic acid.

Tissues from 6 operation specimens were incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min +/- ricinoleic acid 6.25-100 micrograms/ml. PAF was determined in the incubates by scintillation proximity assay (Amersham) after extraction and purification. No PAF was detected in control samples (less than 0.4 ng/g/30 min), whereas ricinoleic acid 12.5-100 micrograms/ml stimulated PAF output (18.3 +/- 2.1 ng/g/30 min, mean +/- sem). 5-ASA 25-100 micrograms/ml caused a 5-100% inhibition of the PAF release by 50 micrograms/ml ricinoleic acid. The authors conclude that PAF can be released by damage to human colonic mucosa/submucosa, and that the inhibition of PAF release in ulcerative colitis may at least partly explain the therapeutic effect of 5-ASA.

Aminosalicylic Acids↗
PubMed1990

Perfusion of rat colon with sennosides, rhein and rheinanthrone. Concentration-related histamine release.

Rat colon perfused intraluminally in vitro and in vivo released histamine into the perfusates. Histamine release was increased by rhein 0.1-10 micrograms/ml and much more by rheinanthrone 0.1-10 micrograms/ml but not by sennosides A or B 1-10 micrograms/ml. The effect of rhein and rheinanthrone was reduced by tritoqualine 20 mg/kg. This raises the possibility that laxation by senna and its derivatives involves histamine formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Preliminary studies on antipyretic and analgesic properties of Taverniera abyssinica.

In an attempt to ascertain the pharmacological basis of the use of the marketed traditional drug Taverniera abyssinica A. Rich. (Amharic name Dingetegna), crude extracts as well as purified substances of this plant were tested for their antipyretic and analgesic properties. Antipyretic activity was determined on rats made hyperthermic by yeast injection and analgesic activity was determined by the hot plate, as well as the acetic acid induced writhing, methods. The study showed that the plant possesses significant antipyretic and analgesic activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Ethnopharmacologic investigation of ginger (Zingiber officinale).

An ethanolic extract of the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale was investigated for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antimicrobial and hypoglycaemic activities. In rats, the extract reduced carrageenan-induced paw swelling and yeast-induced fever but was ineffective in suppressing the writhing induced by intraperitoneal acetic acid. The extract produced blood glucose lowering in rabbits. The growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was significantly inhibited. A dose-dependent inhibition of prostaglandin release effect was observed using rat peritoneal leucocytes.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1989

Castor oil increases intestinal formation of platelet-activating factor and acid phosphatase release in the rat.

1. When castor oil was administered by gavage to rats, the duodenum and jejunum but not ileum and colon produced large amounts (5-6 fold greater than control) of platelet activating factor (Paf). 2. Intraluminal release of acid phosphatase (AP) was also markedly increased (5-6 fold greater than control) in the duodenum and jejunum of castor oil-treated rats and there was a correlation between the elevated release of AP and intestinal hyperaemia. 3. These findings support a role for Paf as a mediator of intestinal damage induced by castor oil.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

Potentiation by phenolphthalein of the responses of guinea-pig ileum and rat stomach strip to PGE2 and other agonists.

Phenolphthalein was examined for its effect on the activity of isolated muscle (guinea-pig ileum and colon, rat stomach), and on the tissue responses to PGE2, histamine and 5-HT. The ileal circular muscle and both muscle layers of the colon were unaffected by phenolphthalein. In contrast, the laxative potentiated the responses of the longitudinal muscle of guinea-pig isolated ileum and the rat stomach strip to the agonists, particularly PGE2. This potentiation was reduced by indomethacin in vivo, but mepyramine or methysergide had little or no effect. Augmentation of muscle activity by phenolphthalein, particularly in the response to PGE2, may contribute to the laxative effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Inhibitory effects of fungi on aggregation of rabbit platelets and rat polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro.

Fungi of six families, encompassing 28 species, have been screened for their inhibitory effects on adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP), acetyl-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine (PAF) or collagen-induced rabbit platelet aggregation. Some fungi have also been studied for their ability to inhibit neutrophil aggregation induced by calcium ionophore A 23187. The results suggest that fungi may be a potential source of inhibitors of platelet and neutrophil aggregation.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1988

Flavonoids, leucocyte migration and eicosanoids.

Quercetin reduced the concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in the pleural exudate induced in rats by 1% carrageenan given intrapleurally. Leucocyte migration in the exudate was also reduced by the flavonoid. Inhibition of eicosanoids and leucocytes in the exudate was dose-related. Quercetin also reduced LTB4 synthesis in cells stimulated with ionophore A23187, either ex-vivo or in-vitro. A similar, though less active, mode of action was found with quercitrin, while apigenin and luteolin reduced leucocyte accumulation and PGE2 formation, but not LTB4-formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Senna still causes laxation in rats maintained on a diet deficient in essential fatty acids.

The laxative effect of senna has been investigated in normal and essential fatty acid deficient (EFAD) rats. Oral administration of senna pod extract (7-5-90 mg kg-1) produced a dose-dependent increase in the number of soft faeces excreted by normal rats. Senna 30 mg kg-1 also reversed net absorption of water and increased the prostaglandin (PG) production in the colonic lumen of normal rats by about four times. Oral administration of senna pod extract to rats, maintained on a fat-free diet for 30-90 days, produced diarrhoea and reversed net absorption of water as in normal rats. However, a fat-free diet reduced the PG production drastically in the colonic lumen both in senna-free rats and in senna-treated rats. In EFAD rats carrageenan oedema, but not dextran oedema, was also drastically reduced. Since PG mediation is not present in EFAD rats we conclude that the PG are not essential for laxation induced by senna and that water secretion and PG production in the rat intestinal lumen are unrelated.

Animals↗