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Biomedical subjects

F Campbell

Publications and source records attributed to F Campbell.

87 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Nephrosonography and renal scintigraphy in evaluation of newborn with renomegaly.

Prompt diagnosis of renomegaly in the newborn is necessary for appropriate medical or surgical management to insure maximal recovery of renal function. To investigate both renal structure and function without iodinated contrast infusion, combined ultrasonography and nuclear scintigraphy were evaluated in 17 newborns with renomegaly and 6 infants with cystic renal abnormalities detected in utero. In 18 patients, intravenous pyelography (IVP) and/or voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) were performed subsequently. While ultrasonography or scintigraphy alone provided the major diagnosis in 48 per cent and 30 per cent of cases, respectively, the combination of both studies yielded the major diagnosis in 87 per cent. Subsequent IVP was less informative than combined sonography and scintigraphy in 5 of 15 patients, and VCUG confirmed the final diagnosis in 4 of 13 patients. We conclude that initial evaluation of the newborn with renomegaly should comprise ultrasonography followed by nuclear scintigraphy. This combination of studies provides adequate information to determine subsequent management in nearly 90 per cent of cases without subjecting infants to the risks of contrast infusion or higher doses of diagnostic levels of radiation.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Prognostic factors in neonatal acute renal failure.

Sixteen infants, 2 to 35 days of age, had acute renal failure, a diagnosis based on serum creatinine concentrations greater than 1.5 mg/dL for at least 24 hours. Eight infants were oliguric (urine flow less than 1.0 mL/kg/h) whereas the remainder were nonoliguric. To determine clinical parameters useful in prognosis, urine flow rate, duration of anuria, peak serum creatinine, urea (BUN) concentration, and nuclide uptake by scintigraphy were correlated with recovery. Nine infants had acute renal failure secondary to perinatal asphyxia, three had acute renal failure as a result of congenital cardiovascular disease, and four had major renal anomalies. Four oliguric patients died: three of renal failure and one of heart failure. All nonoliguric infants survived with mean follow-up serum creatinine concentration of 0.8 +/- 0.5 (SD) mg/dL whereas that of oliguric survivors was 0.6 +/- 0.3 mg/dL. Peak serum creatinine concentration did not differ between those patients who were dying and those recovering. All infants who were dying remained anuric at least four days and revealed no renal uptake of nuclide. Eleven survivors were anuric three days or less, and renal perfusion was detectable by scintigraphy in each case. However, the remaining survivor (with bilateral renal vein thrombosis) recovered after 15 days of anuria despite nonvisualization of kidneys by scintigraphy. In neonates with ischemic acute renal failure, lack of oliguria and the presence of identifiable renal uptake of nuclide suggest a favorable prognosis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1981

Domestic management: a case for contract.

contracting out is not new to the NHS and is now frequently used when a special but infrequent job needs to be tackled. Frances Campbell, a domestic services adviser, looks at the advantages and disadvantages of going out to contract.

Contract Services↗
PubMed1980

Primary oxalosis with livedo reticularis.

Livedo reticularis developed on the lower extremities of a 37-year-old woman with primary oxalosis and renal failure that was treated by hemodialysis. Biopsy results of the involved skin indicated oxalate crystals in the walls of the blood vessels of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Oxalosis with vascular involvement should be included in the long list of causes of livedo reticularis.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Ultrastructure of the sinus wall of murine bone marrow in myelogenous leukemia.

The ultrastructure of bone marrow of RF mice having an acute myelogenous leukemia induced by inoculation with leukemic cells was investigated. In several respects sinuses of leukemic marrow are similar to normal marrow. Sinuses are present in numbers approximating that of the normal; the lining cells of the sinus wall have organelles similar in distribution and number to those of normal lining cells; the sinus wall is continuous, having openings only in conjunction with blood cells that are migrating through it (migration pores); migration pores occur within and not between lining cells. Abnormalities observed in leukemic marrow are the occurrence of virus-like particles in leukemic cells, the presence of numerous particles 300 to 500 A in diameter in the extracellular space, reduction in the number of adventitial cells of the sinus wall and an increase in the thickness and distribution of extracellular material located near the basal surface of lining cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Non-invasive assessment of digital vascular reactivity in patients with primary Raynaud's phenonenon and systemic sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: To examine digital microvascular responses in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP) and systemic sclerosis (SSc), and compare these to the responses in healthy control subjects. METHODS: Digital microvascular responses to repeated episodes of iontophoresis of acetylcholine chloride (endothelial-dependent), sodium nitroprusside (endothelial-independant) and adrenaline were measured using dual-channel laser Doppler in 8 healthy control subjects, 8 patients with PRP and 8 patients with SSc. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in responses between groups. For each chemical the greatest response was generally seen in period 7 of the protocol (after the third episode of iontophoresis). For acetylcholine chloride in period 7, the age and baseline adjusted ratio of the maximum response of PRP to control was 0.93, 95% CI (0.26, 3.38) and for SSc to control it was 0.60, 95% CI (0.13, 2.81). For sodium nitroprusside in period 7, this age and baseline adjusted ratio of the maximum response of PRP to control was 1.31, 95% CI (0.74, 2.32) and for SSc to control it was 1.35, 95% CI (0.68, 2.67). For adrenaline in period 7, the age and baseline adjusted ratio of PRP to control was 1.51, 95% CI (0.79, 2.89) and for SSc to control it was 2.18, 95% CI (1.01, 4.69). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the usefulness of iontophoresis of vasoactive chemicals, combined with laser Doppler blood flowmetry, in the non-invasive assessment of dermal microvascular responses. One possible explanation for the lack of difference in responses between groups is that vasoactive chemicals other than those discussed are important in the pathophysiology of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aids and equipment for the disabled in the community.

The redefinition of disability from a medical problem inherent in the individual, to a socially constructed problem affected by the world in which that individual lives, has led to an emphasis and exploration of the interrelationship between disease/disorder, impairment, disability and handicap. It is clear that those who are disabled do not necessarily need to be handicapped by their disability. One method of professional intervention designed to prevent disability becoming a handicap and to promote independence is the provision of aids and equipment. Despite its evident importance it appears that the provision of aids and equipment in the community is poorly co-ordinated, complex and time-consuming. Some of the reasons for this are examined in this paper. Key themes that are addressed include the legislative framework, the conceptual confusion arising from poorly defined terms, the link between health and social services, the consumer perspective, and wastage.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Deferoxamine for the treatment of hemosiderosis during CAPD.

The effects of chelation therapy by intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of deferoxamine were compared during maintenance continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in a child with end stage renal disease and hemosiderosis. We demonstrate that intraperitoneally administered deferoxamine is safer, more practical and efficient than weekly intravenously administered deferoxamine for the treatment of iron overload in the pediatric patient undergoing CAPD.

Adolescent↗